-人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》Unit3知识点.docx

1、八下Unit 3知识点1. 中考之 could考向一： can（am/is/are able to）能-could（过去式=was/were able to）：能（后+动词原形）考向二：Could you please+动原 ：你干能吗？ 否定：Could you please not+动原 ：你能不什么吗？肯定回答：Yes I can. Of course. No problem. With pleasure. My pleasure. Certainly.否定回答: Sorry I cant. I have to Im afraid I cant. Im going to例1:-Could

2、 you please take out the rubbish？请你去倒垃圾好吗？ - Of course. 当然(注意:take out 带出去,去掉take out of把从中取出来)例2：-Could you please pass me the salt？你能递给我盐吗？ （注意: pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 递给某人某物）- Sorry , Im afraid I cant. Im going to sweep the floor. 对不起，我不能。我将去打扫地面 (注意:sweep- swept打扫)(2) Could I /we+动原: 我能干吗？肯定

3、回答：Certainly Of course Sure No problem Yes, you can Yes, please否定回答：Im afraid not. Im afraid you cant. Sorry, you cant例1：Could I at least finish watching this show? 我至少看完这个节目好吗？(注意:at least至少 finish doing sth完成干某事? ) -Certainly当然 例2：-Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后，我可以和我的朋友闲逛

4、吗？（注意：hang out-hung out闲逛） -Im afraid not 我恐怕不能考向三：其他的情态动词的考向（1）Could I ？Can I ？May I ？肯定回答Yes you can 否定回答 No you cant （2）Must I？ Need I ？肯定回答Yes you must. 是的，你必须 否定回答: No you neednt=No, you dont have to. 不,你不必(3) Shall I /we+动词原形：我（们）能干？2. 中考之take out take out把拿出去=throw out (代词放中间,名词放中间后面都可以)take

5、out of把从里拿出来 take away拿走take part in参加take care of照顾 take off（飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服）例1：There is some rubbish in the bag.Please take it out. 袋子里有一些垃圾，请把它扔出去(注意：take it out=take some rubbish out=take out some rubbish把它（垃圾）扔出去rubbish=waste things=litter(垃圾, 废弃物)例2：Dont take the money out of your wallet so easily

6、. 不要轻易把钱从你的钱包里拿出来3. 中考之work on work on从事于, 忙于 work at努力做，致力于work out解决，制定出 work for为工作work as+职业身份：干工作的 例1：Im going to work on it now. 我正打算用它。 例2：He is working at losing weight. 他正在努力减肥（注意：work at努力干某事 lose weight 减肥）例3：Please work out the problem if you plan to work for the company. 如果你打算为这个公司工作,请先

7、解决这个难题.例4：Mr. Huo works as an English teacher. 霍老师是干英语老师工作的。 4. 中考之enough good enough足够好的 well enough足够好的enough water足够多的水例1：I think 2 hours of TV is enough for you. 我认为看两个小时的电视是足够的（注意：2 hours of TV看两个小时电视.- 整体单数, 度量衡作主语）例2：He walks slowly enough so I can catch up with him. 他走得足够慢，所以我能赶上他. 例3：Kids t

8、hese days already have enough stress from school. 现在孩子们已经有来自学校的足够的压力 (注意:enough stress 足够大的压力) 5. 中考之mess mess杂乱(一般用单数) in a mess乱七八糟make a mess弄脏 What a mess!太乱了例1: She wont be happy if she sees this mess如果他看到乱成这样，他将会不高兴的（主将if 从现）例2: He found his room in a mess.他发现他房间一团糟6. 中考之throw throw扔-threw（过去式

9、）throw down扔下丢下 throw away扔掉 throw out扔出去throw sb sth=throw sth to sb扔给某人某物例句：I threw down my bag and went to the living room. 我扔下书包，走到客厅(注意: throw-threw扔) 7. 中考之the minutethe minute 一就=the moment=as soon as 主将the minute从现 或 从现,the minute 主将例1：The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came ov

10、er. 我刚坐在电视机前，我妈就过来了 (注意: come over过来 sit-sat 坐)例2: We will leave as soon as it stops raining =We will leave the minute it stops raining 雨一停，我们就动身离开 8. 中考之all the time all the time一直 in time及时 always总是at times有时on time按时at the same time同时 例句：You watch TV all the time and never help out around the hou

11、se. 你总是看电视，同时不在家里帮忙9. 中考之asas asas: 和一样（中间是形容词或副词的原级）not asas= not soas 和不一样（中间也是形容词或副词的原级）not asas 与比较级than的句子同义句转化。Mr.矮 Mr.高例1：A works as hard as B A像B一样努力。例2：Mr，Gao is taller than Mr. Ai高先生比矮先生高。=Mr. Ai is shorter than Mr. Gao.矮先生比高先生矮=Mr. Gao is not as short as Mr. Ai. 高先生不如矮先生矮。=Mr. Ai is not a

12、s tall as Mr. Gao.矮先生不如高先生高例3：Im just as tired as you are！我和你一样累例4：She doesnt study as hard as her brother！她不如她哥哥学习努力10. 中考之neither neither+系动词或助动词或情态动词+主语: 某人也不如：neither is he他也不neither can he他也不能。等等反义词：so is he他也是 so can he他也能 so does he他也是 neither+单数名词：两者都不（整体单数）反义词：both+复数：两者都（整体复数） neither of+复

13、数：两者都不（整体单数）反义词，both of+复数：两者都（整体复数） 就近原则: eitheror或者或者neither nor既不也不not only but also不但而且 there be有例1：For one week， she didnt do any housework and neither did I。一星期以来，她没做任何家务,我也没做例2：-Mr.Huo can play the trumpet. 霍老师能吹小号-So can I我也能例3:- Mr.Huo cant play the violin. 霍老师不会拉小提琴-Neither can I我也不会例4：Nei

14、ther student is from Canada. 俩学生都不是来自加拿大11. 中考之hang hang out闲逛 -hung out(过去式) hang悬挂hung(过去式)例1：Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 看完电影后，我可以和我的朋友们闲逛吗？例2：The students hung a map of china on the wall. 同学们把一幅中国地图挂在墙上12. 中考之pass （1）pass: 递给 走过=go past 通过(考试) （2）pass sb sth=pass sth to sb递

15、给某人某物 (注意:sth为人称代词时，使用带to的那个短语！)例1：Pass it to Mr. Huo please把它递给霍老师例2：I passed a bank when I went to school.我上学的时候经过一家银行例3：I think I can pass the exam.我认为我能通过考试13. 中考之“借” borrow 借进 borrow sth from sb 从某人处借进某物 lend借出 keep借(长时间保有)lend sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人/某物例1；Could you lend me some money？你能借我一些钱

16、吗？ 例2：Could I borrow that book? 我能借下那本书吗？例3：How long may I keep this book？我能借那本书多长时间？ 14. 中考之hate hate sb/sth: 讨厌某人/某物hate to do sth厌恶做某事hate doing sth 厌恶做某事（习惯）例1：I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务（注意：do many chores=do much housework做许多家务）例2：I enjoy cooking but I hate doing the dishes我喜欢做饭，但是我不喜欢洗餐具15. 中考之

17、“当” when 和while的用法区别 when是 既指时间点，也可指一段时间(when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词) 例1：When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当老师进来的时候，我们正在谈话。 例2：When Jim was writing a letter, I came in 当吉姆正在写一封信的时候，我进来了。while只指一段时间，因此而while从句中的动词必须 是延续性动词。 例1：While we were talking, the teacher came in. 当我们正在谈话的时候，老师

18、进来了例2：Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes当你帮忙洗盘子的时候，我将会完成我的家庭作业While引起的时间状语从句一般情况下用现在进行时或过去进行时例1：They were singing while we were dancing. 我们正在跳舞的时候，他们正在唱歌例2：I was sleeping while Tom was watching TV 当汤姆正在看电视的时候，我正在睡觉 16. 中考之buy buy sb sth=buy sth for sb买给某人某物(buy-bought买)sell sb

19、sth= sell sth to sb卖给某人某物（sell-sold卖）buy some drinks and snacks买些饮料和小吃17. 中考之invite invite邀请(动词)-invitation邀请(名词) invite sb to do sth邀请某人去做某事 invite sb to+地点：邀请某人去某地 invite my friends to a party邀请我的朋友去参加聚会18. 中考之形式主语it Its+形容词 for sb to do sth：做某事对某人来说是的 （it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth） Its a good idea to

20、do sth: 做某事是个好主意（it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth） 例1：Its still a good idea to read the first sentence in each paragraph a little more carefully. 稍加细心的阅读每段第一句也是个不错的主意例2：I think its important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说学会如何做家务和帮着父母做家务是非常重要的例3：It is n

21、ot enough to just get good grades at school 在学校里面仅仅取得好成绩是不够的。19. 中考之waste （1）waste浪费（名词）浪费（动词）反义词save 无用的废弃的（形容词）（2）waste时间或金钱on sth：在某方面浪费时间或金钱 （3）waste时间或金钱(in) doing sth: 浪费时间或金钱干某事(4)waste water: 废水(5)a waste of time: 浪费时间例1：Housework is a waste of their time家务劳动是在浪费他们的时间。例2：He wastes a lot of t

22、ime playing computer games她浪费大量的时间玩电脑游戏20. 中考之in order to in order to do sth=(so as) to do sth为了去做某事(目的状语) in order not to do sth为了不去做某事 in order that+句子=so that+句子：为了例句：They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并进入一所好的大学，他们应该把时间花在学

23、业上。(spend-spent花费) 21. 中考之 no needThere is no need(for sb) to do sth对某人来说做某事没必要 例句:When they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.当他们长大一些，他们将不得不做家务，因此他们没有必要现在做它.（注意：get older 长大=grow up）22. 中考之provide provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb提供给某人某物例句：Its

24、the parents job to provide a clean andcomfortable environment at home for their children在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净舒适的环境是家长的事 23. 中考之depend （1）depend on: 依赖，依靠 取决于，由决定例句：Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在孩子们过度依赖父母。 24. 中考之develop (1)develop: 发展（动词）培养（动词）(2)develop sth into sth把发展成(3)develo

25、ped发达的（形容词）(4)developing发展中的（形容词）(5)development发展, 开发（名词）例1：Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves做家务帮助培养孩子们的独立性，同时教给他们如何照顾自己。（注意：independent独立的（形容词） independence独立（名词）例2：China is an independent and developing country but America is a devel

26、oped country.中国是个独立的发展中国家,但是美国是一个发达国家。 25. 中考之since since: 因为,既然（+原因的句子）自从以后（后+过去时间）例1：Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 既然他们与父母一起住一所房子里,他们就应该知道每个人应当尽一份力来保持房子干净.(注意: do ones part in doing sth尽自己的职责干某事 ke

27、ep sb/sth+形容词：使某人/某物处于的状态）例2：My family have lived there since 5 years ago 自从5年前，我的家人就住在这26. 中考之take care of （1）take (good) care of=look after (well) 照顾(好)（2）take care当心=look out=be careful（3）care about关心；(4 )care for 照顾（同）；喜欢（be fond of） 例1： He had no idea how to take care of himself他不知道怎样照顾自己（注意：ha

28、ve no idea=dont know没有主意）例2：I have no idea what to do next.=I dont know what to do next.=I dont know what I can do next.=I have no idea what I can do next. 我不知道下一步干什么。27. 中考之as a result 。 as a result: 结果(放于句首,后加 “, ”) as a result of sb/sth: 由于某人/某事例1：As a result, he often fell ill, and his grades dr

29、opped结果他经常生病，成绩也下降了(注意：fall ill 生病)例2：As a result of his hard work，he passed the exam easily. 由于他努力学习，他轻松地通过了考试28. 中考之the +比较级，the+比较级the +比较级，the+比较级：越来越比较级and比较级例1：The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好.例2：The weather becomes colder and cold

30、er.天变得越来越冷了29. 本单元重点句子和词组例1； I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with these housework and chores at home我不理解为什么一些家长让他们的孩子在家帮着做家务 (注意: make sb do sth 让某人干某事help with sth 在某方面帮助)例2：And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正我觉得干点家务也不困难(注意:anyway而且;不管怎样。用于句首，后面加“，”）do t

31、he dishes洗盘子 make ones bed 铺床fold the clothes叠衣服 get it wet 把它弄湿clean the living room 打扫客厅（或起居室=sitting room）go out for dinner外出就餐 stay out late在外待到很晚 get a ride搭便车take the dog for a walk=walk the dog遛狗get something to drink弄点东西喝spend时间或金钱on sth=spend时间或金钱(in )doing sth 花费时间或金钱干某事have time to do sth 有时间干某事=have time for sththe idea of fairness公平的思想概念(注意：fairness公平（名词） fair公平的（形容词）unfair不公平的（形容词）put up a tent搭起个帐篷share sth with sb与某人分享某物