-人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》Unit3 知识点.docx

1、Unit 3Section A1.Peter， could you please take out the rubbish?(1) Could you please+动词原形?其否定形式是 Could you please+not+动词原形?”。肯定回答常用“Yes，sure./Sure. Certainly./Of course./ No problem/ With pleasure.”否定回答常用Im sorry, I cant./Sorry, I cant. /Im afraid I cant /Im sorry, but.例Could you please hand out these

2、 books?Yes，sure./Sorry， I cant. I have to sweep the floor.例题Could you please help me carry the heavy bag?A. Its a pleasure B. With pleasure C. Youre welcome D. It doesnt matter(2)take out 带出去，取出，拔出，除掉 动副短语Please take out a piece of paper. =Please take a piece of paper out.Please take it out.拓展take.

3、out of.意为“把从取出/带出”。Please take the books out of your schoolbag.(3) rubbish用作不可数名词，意为“垃圾;废弃物。2 sweep the floor扫地(1) sweep( swept swept)此处用作及物动词，意为“扫;打扫”。(2)floor用作可数名词，意为“地板”，通常指室内地面 on the floor“在地板上”。室外地面通常用 ground 拓展floor用作可数名词时还可意为“楼层”。He lives on the second floor.3 Could I at least finish watchi

4、ng this show.(1) at least(2)finish此处用作及物动词，意为“完成;做完”其后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。finish doing sth.When will he finish his college courses?He finished reading the book before dinner.4 Yes， because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now.any minute now意为“随时;马上;在任何时刘”，是英语中一种常见的口语表达法，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发

5、生。在这一结构中， minute还可用 second， moment，time等词替换。Any minute now， that phone is going to ring.Im sure shell join us any minute now.5 And she wont be happy if she sees this mess.mess用作名词，意为“杂乱:不整洁”。make a mess 弄得一团糟; in a mess乱七八糟messy形容词，意为“脏的;不整洁的;杂乱的”。6 I threw down my bag and went to the living room.th

6、row down意为“扔下;随手丢下，其中throw( threw， thrown)既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词She threw down her book and went out.He threw a stone at the dog.I cant throw well拓展 throw at 向扔去(恶意，带攻击性) throw to扔给(不含恶意) throw away扔掉7 The minute I sat down in front of the TV， my mom came over.(1) the minute(that) “一.就.”后接时间状语从句，相当于 the

7、 moment.或as soon asPlease call me up the minute you get there(2)辨析: in front of与 in the front of(3) come over意为“过来;顺便来访;拜访”，多指朋友、亲或熟人之间的非正式的探望活动，后面加介词，然后跟表示地点的名词作宾语。Do you want to come over on Friday evening?When did you first come over to China?8 You watch TV all the time and never help out around

8、the house.all the time意为一直;总是;频繁;反复”，多放于句末。We thank you so much that we will remember you all the time.You neednt tell others what to do and what not to do all the time.I dont think you should always talk about your past， =I dont think you should talk about your past all the time.9 Im just as tired

9、as you areas意为“与一样”，用于同级比。第一个as是副词，后接形容词或副词原级第二个as是连词。as.的否定形式为not as/so.as，意为“不如”。My son is as tall as yours.A kangaroo can run as fast as a bus.Tom is not so/as clever as his brother.10 For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.neither+be/助动词/情态动词+主表示“也不”。表示前面否定的情况也同样适合后者。 neith

10、er此处用作副词，也可用nor来替换Im not strong in math and neither is she.Nick cant repair the broken clock and neither can Iso+be/助动词/情态动词+主表示“也是”。表示前面肯定的情况也同样适合后者。拓展 neither还可用作代词，意为“两者都不”，其反义词为时，语动词可用both，意为两者都。neither ofNeither of the twins takes/take after their mother.Which would you like， tea or coffee?Neit

11、her. I just want a glass of water.neither 也可用作形容词，意为“两者都不(的)”，其后直接跟可数名词的单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither answer is right.11 What happened? she asked in surprise. in surprise“吃惊地”，与 with surprise同义to ones surprise拓展 surprise 还可用作动词，意为“使吃惊”其形容词有两个 surprised意为“惊奇的，感到意外的”; surprising意为“今人惊奇的”。His words surpr

12、ised me.12 My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. as soon as 意为“一就”，引导时间状语从句。通情下主从句时态要一致。但若主句用一般将来时，从句则要用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”原则。He left as soon as he heard the news他一听到这个消息就离开了。Well begin to train as soon as our teacher comes.13 Could I hang out with my friends after the move?hang

13、 out意为“闲逛”hung“悬挂，挂起”hanged “吊死，绞死”14 Could you please pass me the salt?pass此处作及物动词，意为 给;递pass sb. sth.pass sth. to sb.Jack passes the ball very quickly.pass用作动词时，还可表示 走过;通过 I saw a stranger pass the shop I hope all of you can pass the exam15 Could I borrow that book?borrow及物动词，意为”借;借用”，表示主语借用别人的东西b

14、orrow sth. from sb./sp某人从某地/某人那借某物Sam borrowed a car from his friend.He borrowed some magazines from the library.16 Could you lend me some money?lend(lent，lent)及物动词，意为“借给;借出”其反义词为 borrowlend sb. sth.- lend sth. to sb. 意为”借给某人某物:把某物借给某人”。Could you lend me some books?Could you lend some books to me?辨析

15、:lend， borrow与keepJohn lent his book to Mary last week.Mary borrowed the book from John last week.Mary can keep the book for two weeks.17 I hate to do chores.hate及物动词，意为 讨厌，表示一种感情或心现状态，不能用于进行时，其反义词为 love/like。常用结构有; hate sb./sth. 讨厌某人/某物 hate to do sth./ doing sth.厌恶做某事I enjoy cooking but I hate doi

16、ng the dishes.I hate to trouble others.18 Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.while此处用作连词，意为“与同时;当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，从句谓语动词须用延续性动词。它强调主句的动作是在从句动作发生的过程中发生的，或者主从句的动作同时进行。While we were talking， the teacher came in.I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. while与when两者均可用作连词，引

17、导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。拓展 while还可表示“而;然而”，表示两种情况的对比。while从句谓语动词必须是延续性动词从句通常要用进行时，如果主句和从句中的动作是同时进行的，那么主句也要用进行时when从句谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时I was sleeping while Tom was watching TV.Jim was writing a letter when I came in.拓展 while 还可表示“而;然而”，表示两种情况的对比。I like coffee while my sister likes tea.

18、Section B1 buy some drinks and snacks(1)buy( bought， bought)反义词是sell(卖) buy sb. sth.= buy sth. for sb.，意为“给某人买某物”buy sth.from意为“从买某物” Yesterday my father bought me an English dictionary =Yesterday my father bought an English dictionary for me. I bought a second-hand car from Tom.(2) snack可数名词，意为“点心;

19、小吃;快餐”The hotel serves us some drinks and snacks.2 invite my friends to a partyinvite及物动词，意为“邀请”。名词形式为 invitation，意为“邀请;请”。 invite sb.to地点名词”意为邀请某人到某地”。 invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。I invited Jenny to my house.Jim invited David to come over to his house for dinner. 3 I do not understand why some

20、 parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让/使某人做某事”。He made me wait there for two hours.相似用法还有: let/have sb. do sth. (2) help with sth.意为“帮忙做某事”=help sb.(to )dosth.4 Kids s these days already have enough stress from school.stress名词，意为“精神压力;心理负担。 under str

21、ess意为“承受压力”。Too much stress is bad for your healthThings can easily go wrong when people are under stress.作名词，还可表示“重音;重读”。5 Housework is a waste of their time.waste此处用作名词，意为“浪费”。 a waste of意为“浪费”Watching TV too much is a waste of timewaste 用作名词，还可表示“废物;垃圾”。The waste in the sea caused the whales deat

22、h. waste用作形容词，意为“无用的;废弃的;丢弃的”。Dont throw waste things around. waste用作及物动词，意为浪费;滥用”waste time/money on sb./sth.“在某人某事物上浪费时间/金钱waste time/money doing sth.“浪费时间/金钱做某事Dont waste water.His wife wasted much money on clothesJack wastes a lot of time watching TV every day 6 They should spend their time on s

23、choolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.(1)辨析四个“花费”(2)in order to意为“目的是;为了，表示目的，相当于so as to，后面接动词原形，可放在句首，也可放在句中，so as to只能放在句中。否定结构为: in order not to doIn order to look after his parents， he returned to work in his hometownShe started at five oclock in order not to be l

24、atein order that也表示目的，意为“为了，目的是”，后接从句，可与 in order to进行同义改写。He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time. He gets up early in order to get to work on time.7 Also, when they get older,they will have to do housework so there is no need to do it now.There is no need for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人

25、来说，没有必要做某事”There is no need for you to give up your hobby.8 It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.(1) It is /was+名词+ to do sth. 意为“做某事是. “ Its our duty to keep our classroom clean.(2) provide此处用作及物动词，意为“提供;供应”。 provide sth. for sb= provide sb

26、. with sth 意为“为某人提供某物或“提供给某人某物”。The sun provides light and heat for us. =The sun provides us with light and heat.9 And anyway， I think doing chores is not so difficultanyway副词，意为 而且;加之 anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论The coat is too expensive, and anyway I don t like the color.拓展 anyway还可表示“尽管如此;无论如何”。The water w

27、as cold， but I took a shower anyway.10 Children these days depend on their parents too much.depend on意为“依靠;依赖，主语通常是表示人的词，其中 depend用作动词，意为”依靠;依赖”。You cant depend on your parents forever.拓展 depend on的其他用法 depend on意为 信赖You can depend on this English dictionary.你可以信賴这本语词典。 depend on意为“取决于;视而定”。Everythi

28、ng depends on whether you pass the exam.11 Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.(1) develop此处用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意为“发展;壮大”。其名词形式为 development意为“发展;发育;成长”。Sports can develop mind and bodyHer business developed quickly.With the development of

29、his business， he helped more people.拓展 develop的形容词有两个: developed意为发达的”， developing意为发展中的” America is a developed country.China is a developing country.(2) independence不可数名词，意为“独立”，其形容词形式为 independent，意为独立的;自主的”。He wants to live a life of independence.China is an independent country. 12 It also helps

30、 them to understand the idea of fairnessfairness不可数名词，意为“公正性，合理性。由fair(形容词，“公平的;公正的”)+-nessOur teacher is known for her fairnessfair是 fairness的形容词，意为“合理的，公正的”，其反义词为unfair(不合理的，不公正的) I think its fair/unfair for children to do chores13 Since they live in one house with their parents， they should know

31、that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.(1) since此处用作连词，意为“因为;既然”，用来陈述原因或理由，引导原因状语从句。要比 because更加正式和书面化Since these clothes are too small for you， why not give them away?拓展 since用作连词，还可表示“自-以来”，引导时间状语从句。He has raised more than 10, 000 yuan for homeless people since the summer

32、vacation began(2)do ones part in doing sth. 意为“尽自己的职责做某事”。Everyone should do their part in saving water.14 he had no idea how to take care of himself(1) have no idea意为“不知道”，相当于 dont know I have no idea what to do next. =I dont know what to do next.(2) take care of意为“照;处理”，相当于look after或 care for tak

33、e good care of相当于 look after.well15 As a result， he often fell ill and his grades dropped.(1) as a result意为“结果;因此”，常位于句首，其后有逗号。It rained hard all day. As a result， we had to put off the sports meeting. as a result of意为由于作为的结果”。He was late as a result of the heavy snow(2) fall ill是固定短语，意为“生病”，此处fall用

34、作连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。Peter often fell ill when he was in primary school.(3)辨析:ill与sick the sick意为“病人The man is ill/sick. but he has to look after his sick father.拓展ill用作形容词，还可意为“坏的，有害的”常用在 health， effect等少数名词前作定语。He didnt go to school because of ill health.(4)drop( dropped， dropped， dropping)此处用作不及物动词，意为“落下;掉下”;还可用作及物动词，意为“使落下。The cup dropped and broke.Be careful not to drop that plate.16 The earlier kids learn to be independent. the better it is for their future.the+比较級，the+比较级 The more friends you have， the happier youll be.The harder you study， the better grades youll get.