-人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》Unit9知识点.docx

1、Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museumSection A1.Me neither.我也没/不=Neither have I或I havent,either.Sb./Sth.+neither表示前面所述的否定情况也同样适用于其他人或物。-Lucy cant play the guitar.-Me neither.Me too我也一样/如此Sb./Sth.+too表示前面所述的肯定情况也同样适用于其他人或物。-She likes shirts made of silk.-Me too.2.Lets go to one tomorrow.辨析one ,that,

2、itone表泛指，代指前面提到过的同类人或事物中的一个。one代指可数名词单数，复数用ones-That boy is my brother.-Which one?-The one on a bike.that表特指，与所指名词同类，但不是同一个可代替上文提到的事情，也可代替不可数名词。The population of China Is much larger than that of America.it用于指代前文提到过的同一事物。-Do you like the game?-Yes, I like it.3.Lets go somewhere different today.复合不定代

3、词 谓单形后不定式somewhere 复合不定副词 4.Its really interesting, isnt is?反义疑问句前肯后否，这时答语yes翻译“是”no翻译“不”。前否后肯，这时答语yes翻译“不”no翻译“是”。We can go to the island by ship, cant we?Tom hasnt been to an Beijing, has he?当前面陈述部分有表示否定意义的词如few,little,never,no,nobody,hardly,seldom等时，其后的附加疑问部分应用肯定形式。There is little rubbish in the

4、park,is there?5.Its a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon.a great way to do sth.=a great way of doing sth.一个做某事的好方式/方法。the best way to sth.6.I learned about the inventions that led to color movies.(1)learn过去式learntlearn about/of了解，获知/from/to do sth./by oneself(2)invent动词“发明，创造”invention可数名词，“发明，

5、发明物”inventor发明家(3)lead to导致，通向,把.引到All roads lead to Rome.The event led to the start of the war.7.Ive never been camping.现在完成进行时have/has been+现在分词动作过去发生持续到现在，刚刚终止或者继续下去I have been learning English since 2 years ago.I have been writing a book.8.Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such

6、a rapid way!(1)unbelievable unhappy unknown unfair(2)progress不及物动词，进步，进展Our company cant progress until we employ more people.不可数名词，进步make (great) progress(in)(在方面)取得(巨大)进步(3)rapid 迅速的，快速的9.It also encourage governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets.(1)encourage及物动词，鼓励enco

7、uragement名词，鼓励encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事Parents should encourage children to so things by themselves.(2)social形容词，社会的society名词，社会(3)think about思考，思索/of想到，想起，认为/over仔细考虑I cant think of hos name at the moment.10.The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets

8、.(1)perform动词，表演，performance可数名词，表演，演出performer演出者，演员(2).perfect反义词imperfectPractice makes perfect.11.Ive finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets.collect及物动词，收集，采集collection名词，收藏品，收集物，collector收藏家collect stamps/coins12.Well, Ive already been there a couple of times

9、,but Im happy to go again.a couple of两个，一对，几个，后跟可数名词复数。a couple of 做主语时，谓语动词常用复数。The last couple of years have been difficult.He bought a couple of books for his daughter.12.There are some special German paintings there right now.German Germany德国形容词，德国的，德国人，德语的可数名词，德国人，Germans不可数名词，德语13.ride可数名词，供乘骑

10、的游乐设施We went on many rides in the amusement park.可数名词，短途旅程Its a ten-minute bus ride from here to town.动词，骑，骑马ride bikes to+地点骑自行车去 I learned to ride as a child.The boys ride their bikes to school.Section B1.Have you tried Chinese food(1)try过去式triedtry to do sth.尝试做某事/try doing sth.努力做某事及物动词，品尝，尝试，后接

11、表示食品或饮料的名词、代词作宾语Singapore is a great place to try new food.名词，尝试 have a try(2) thousands of数词，一千。当表示确切数目时用“基数词+ thousand;如果thousand前为表示不确切数目的词，如a few,some, several等，thousand后也不加s。 thousands of:表示概数，意为“数以千计的;成千上万的”，这时 thousand后加-s，且后面有介词of，此时不能与数词连用。Several thousand inventions are listed on the websi

12、te.Thousands of competitors joined in the competition.hundred“百 million“百万 bilion“十亿”与 thousand用法类似。The famous writer has sold more than three_books around the world.Amillion Bmillions Cmillion of Dmillions ofThere are 300 students in the school,and one hundred of them are girls.2.safe 形容词，安全的，无危险的

13、反义词dangeroussafety 名词，安全 safely 副词，安全地We put salt on icy roads to make them safe.Its not safe to swim in the river.3.On the one hand,more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time.On the other hand,Singapore is an English speaking country,

14、so its also a good place to practice your English.(1)on the one handon the other hand一方面另一方面On the one hand,this job doesnt pay very much;on the other hand,I cant get together.(2)three quarters四分之三 quarter四分之一英语中分数表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母加s。three fourths拓展：分数+of+名词做主语时，谓语单复数看后面接的名词。Three fifths

15、of the students in our class are girls.One fifth of the water is dirty.(3)simply 仅仅 相当于only simpleThere is no need to get angry,Im simply asking you help me.(4)practice及物动词,练习,其后可接名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。practice doing sth.练习做某事 I practice English every morning.He practices playing the piano every day.不可数名

16、词，练习Learning a new language needs a lot of practice4.Maybe you fear that you wont be able to find anything good to eat when you travel.fear及物动词,害怕;惧怕其后可接名词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语。Mice fear cats.He fears to tell his parents the truth.The shy girl fears looking up at others.The police fear that there ma

17、y be further terrorist attacks.名词,害怕;恐惧His eyes show no fear.5.Whether you like Indian food,Western food or Japanese food,youll find it all in Singapore.(1)whether连词不管(还是);或者(或者)可与or(not)连用，引导让步状语从句。Whether she wins or loses，this is her last game.Whether you succeed or not you should try your best.是

18、否,引导宾语从句。I wonder whether he likes collecting old coins.(2)Indian形容词，印度的名词，印度人国家人语言ChinaChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseAmerica/USAmericanAmericanAustraliaAustralianEnglishFranceFrenchmanFrenchGermanyGermanGermanIndiaIndianEnglish/HindiBritain/England/UKEnglish/the BritishEnglish6.whenever连词，在任何的

19、时候;无论何时，可以引导让步状语从句，与 no matter when 同义。You can ask for help whenever you need it.whatever= no matter what无论什么 whoever= no matter who无论谁 however= no matter how不管怎样 whichever= no matter which无论哪个 wherever= no matter where无论哪里现在完成时一基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+

20、过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Yes, sb have/hasNo, sb havent/hasnt特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句二. 用法表示一个过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在产生的结果或影响如： Have you read that story？你读过那个故事吗？（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。） I have bought two apples 我买了两个苹果。 （“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。） 常与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already，just，ever，yet，never等。

21、already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑问句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？ They havent started yet他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it我们从来没有听说过这件事。 常和just, before, already, ever, never, yet等连用。 2.表示从过去

22、开始一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态,往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,诸如“since+时间点”或“since从句”,“for+时间段”,these days等。如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。I have studied English for three years. 我学英语三年了。 3. 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词的这一特性。当现在完成时句子中有段时间状语时,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。常见的转换情况如下:arrivebe here, bor

23、rowkeep, buyhave, come backbe back, diebe dead, joinbe a member of, leavebe away (from), put onwear等。如:他爷爷去世两年了。误:His grandpa has died for two years.正:His grandpa has been dead for two years. 友情提示 若仍想用这个非延续性动词,就必须将时间段变为过去的时间点,时态变为一般过去时;或将整个句子变为“It is / has been +时间段+ since从句”。如:我买这部手机两年了。 (必须用buy)误:

24、I have bought the mobile phone for two years.正:I bought the mobile phone two years ago. 正:It is / has been two years since I bought the mobile phone. 三现在完成时态与其他时态的区别:1. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别:一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,不强调对现在产生的影响;而现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,不和确定的过去时间状语连用。如:I have taught here for fif

25、teen years. 我在这儿教书教了十五年。I taught here two years ago.我两年前在这儿教书。 2. 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别:二者的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去,差别在于该动作的截止时间:若动作截止到现在要用现在完成时;若动作截止于过去要用过去完成时。如:I have finished my homework.我已做完了作业。He said he had finished his homework.他说他已做完了作业。The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿。） The plane arrived a qua

26、rter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去。） 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别:现在完成时只表示动作已经发生,是否还在继续并不重要;而现在完成进行时着重强调该动作还在继续之中,有时还强调动作的“反复”。如:Someone has phoned you. 有人给你打电话了。Someone has been phoning you. 有人一直在给你打电话。 四have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语

27、连用。如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。 2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。如： Ive just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ Mary has never been to th

28、e Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如： Ive been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。 4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。