-人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》Unit4知识点.docx

1、Unit 4Section A1 My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.allow此处用作及物动词，意为“允许;准许”allow sb. to do sth.Doctor allowed him to take a short walk everyday.allow的其他用法: allow sth“允许某事”。 I don t think she will allow it.我想她不会允许这件事的。 allow doing sth“允许做某事”。We dont allow smoking in our house be all

2、owed to do sth.“被允许做某事”。2 got into a fight with my best friend. get into a fight with sb.意为“和某人吵架/打架”have a fight with sb.或fight with sbWe cant get into a fight with each other at school3 Whats wrong?(1) Whats wrong?是口语中常用的一个句型，相当于“ Whats the matter?”，其主要用法有Whats wrong with sb.sth?意为“哪儿不舒服?/怎么了?/出什么

3、事了?”。Whats wrong with you?你怎么了? -I have a stomachache And I m not feeling well.我胃疼，感觉不舒服。用于询向某物出了什么毛病，意为“怎么了?出什么毛病了?”。 Whats wrong with your bike?(2) wrong形容词，意为“有毛病;错误的”，反义词为right(正确的)。 Theres something wrong with my bike Your answer is wrong， but hers is right4 Im not good at writing letter辨析：be g

4、ood at， be good for， be good to与be good withXu Beihong was good at drawing horsesDrinking more water is good for youShe is very good to her neighborsHe is very good with the children5 I dont want to talk about it on the phone(1) talk about意为“谈论”，后面可接人或事物。The students are talking about how to help th

5、e disabled boy(2) on the phone意为“用电话交谈;在通话”，其中on用作介词，意为通过;使用;借助于”。What did you say on the phone?在电话里说了些什么?与 on the phone，用法类似的有:on the Internet通过互联网 on the radio通过收音机on the TV通过电视6 Well， I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.(1) find sb. doing sth.意为“发现某人正在做某事。 I found Jimmy sweeping

6、 the floor when I got into the classroom this morning(2) look through意为“快速查看;浏览Look through your notes before the examLook through the passage quickly and answer the questions有关look的短语还有 look after照顾;照料 look at看 look for寻找look out of向外看look out当心 look around环顾四周 look forward to期盼;望7 Well， I guess yo

7、u could tell her to say sorry1) I guess这一结构与 I think类似，意为“我想，用于陈述自己的观点、看法或建议。guess 意为“猜测;估计”I guess(that) he is right. I can only guess the reason.拓展 I guess+宾语从句”句型在变为否定句时，要否定主句，而否定的意义留在从句这种现象叫“否定前移”。I dont guess(that) he is right我认为他不对。I guess so意为“我想是的”，表示同意对方的观点或看法; I guess not意为“我想不是”，表示不同意对方的观

8、点或看法。2) say sorry to sb.)意为“(向某人)道。类似这样的口语表达还有 say hello to sb. say thanks to sb. say goodbye to sb. 8 Though shes wrong， its not a big deal.1) big deal是固定搭配，意为“重要的事情或状况”，多用于非正式交流。Its not a big deal或Its no big deal.表示说话人并不认为某事有什么大不了。 big deal也经常用于肯定或疑间结构中。 Peter， I think its a big deal for you Whats

9、 the big deal? Its only a partyIts a deal”意为“就这么办一言为定” Lets meet at half past six们6点半見而吧。Its a deal.就这么定了。 2)deal此处用作可数名词，意为“协议，交易 make/do a deal(with)意为“(与)达成协议”。 The workers did a deal with the management on overtime拓展deal还可用作动词，意为对付，对待 deal with sth.意为“处理某事。 How do you deal with the old books?你怎么

10、处理这些旧书?9 Hope things work out.work out是“动词+副词”型短语，此处意为”成功地发展”，相当于不及物动词，不接宾语。 I hope everything works out. 拓展 work out的其他含义表示“解决(问题)”。 Dont worry， Things will work out别担心，事情会解决的。表示“算出。I believe you can work out this math problem by yourself.表示“制订;拟出”。 The outline must be carefully worked out.这个提钢一定要仔

11、细。10 My problem is that I cant get on with my family(1) that I cant get on with my family此处作is的表语，是表语从句。表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的从句常位于连系动词be，look等的后面。引导表语从句的词除了that外，还有what， whether，when，why， where，how等。表语从句与宾语从句一样，要用陈述语序。 The problem is whether he will come.问题是他是否会来 This is what we need.这就是我们所要的。(2) get on

12、with sb.意为“和某人和睦相处;和某人关系良好，同义短语为 get along with sh.。如果表示“和某人相处得好不好”，则用短语 get on well/badly with sb. She cant get on with her sister. We get on well with our neighbors拓展 get on with sth( get along with sth)意为“在方取得进展”。 Im not getting on very fast with the work.11 Relations between my parents have beco

13、me difficult relation名词，意为“关系;联系;交往”，常用复数形式。其动词形式为 relate，意为“关联。 The relation between them is the son and the father They have business relations with our firm12 I dont know if I should say anything to them bout this.if用作连词，意为“是否”，此处引导宾从句 同义词为 whether Im not sure if/whether he can come up with a goo

14、d way to solve the problem.作连词，还意为“如果”，用来引导条状语从句。 if you depend on your parents too much, you wot learn to be independent13 When they argue its like a big. black cloud hanging over our home.(1) argue此处用作不及物动词，意为“争:争论名词形式为 argument，意为“争论”。argue with sb.与某人争论;argue about争论某事argue with sb. about sth.为某

15、事与某人争论 The boy argued with his mother about his homework个孩就家庭作业(的问题)与他妈妈争少起来 Dont argue about this matter any more不要再为这件事争论了。(2) cloud此处用作可数名词，意为云;云朵”形容词形式为由为cloudyLook at the black clouds in te sky.Its going to rain. (3 )hanging over our home是现在分词短，作后置定语 The boy looking at the picture is my brother

16、.正在看图片的那个男孩是我的哥哥。14 Also， my elder brother is not very nice to me(1)辨折:elder与 older My elder sister is three years older than I(2) be nice to sb.意为”对某人友好，相当于be friendly/ good/kind to sb. He is always nice to me.15 Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.(1) instead用作副词，意为“代替;反而:却，修饰

17、个句子作状语，當位于句末，也可位于句首，表示前句的事情没做而做了 instead所在句的事。 Jack was ill， so I went instead. He never works， Instead， he plays all day and all night. whatever代词，意为“任何;每一”。 You can eat whatever you like. whatever用作代词，还可表示“无论什么”，相当于 no matter what You have our support， whatever you decide.。16 At home I always feel

18、 lonely and nervous. nervous用作形容词，意为焦虑的;担忧的” he nervous about意为“对担忧”。 Dont look at me like that. Youre making me nervous. She was so nervous about her exams that she couldnt sleep.17 If your parents are having problems， you should offer to help.辨析:offer与 provide两者都可作及物动词，都有“提供”之意，但用法不同 offer sb. sth

19、.=offer sth. to sb.意为“提供某人某 ofter to do sth.意为“主动做某事 provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb为“提供给某人某物” She offered me a job. =She offered a job to me.地提供我一份工作。 The school provided food for the students.=The school provided the students with food.学校为学生们提供伙食18 Maybe you could do more jobs around the

20、 house so that they have more time for proper communication proper用作形容词，意为”正确的;恰当的”般在句中作定语或表语。其副词形式是 properly(正确地，适当地)。 When are you going to get a proper job I dont think her dress is proper for that party.19 Secondly， why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother(1) secondly副词，意为“第二;其次”，

21、常与 firstly(第一，首先)，thirdly(第三)， lastly(最后)等词连用，表示列举事实或理由等。 As students， firstly， we should obey the school rules; secondly， we should listen carefully in class; lastly， we should finish our homework on time(2) communicate with sb. 意为“和某人交流/沟通”，其中 communicate用作不及物动词，意为“交流;通”，其名词形式为 communication(交流，沟通

22、)。 I often communicate with him on the phone Next they need to communicate to get a result.20 You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time(1) explain此处用作及物动词，意为“解释:说明，其后可跟名词或从句。 explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事某物 Could you explain the meaning of the word?你能解释一下这个单词的意思吗? Please exp

23、lain this point to me请把这一点给我解释一下。 explain 解释;说明 explanation n.解释;说明(2) mind sb. doing sth，意为“介意某人做某事”。 mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”。 Would you mind me opening the door?I dont mind lending you some money.21 make sth. clear使某事易(教材第2页，3c) clear此处用作形容词，意为“清楚易懂的” clearly意为”清楚地，明白地”。 The question is very clea

24、r. Do I make myself clear?拓展clear用作形容词时，还表示“晴朗的;畅通无阻的”。That was a clear morning. The road was clear and I ran over. 22 Mike is my best friend， but he always copies my homework.copy此处用作及物动词，意为“抄袭”copy ones homeworkIt is wrong to copy others homeworkcopy用作动时，还表示“复印，复制”。 Dont copy. You must write by ha

25、ndCan you copy these documents?23 My cousin borrows my things without returning them.return此处用作及物动词 give. back = return sth to sb 把某物还给某人 You must return the books next Monday. Dont forget to return my keys to mereturn用作不及物动词，意为“回来返回”，相当于 come/get back。用return to地点名词”意为“回到某地”return from为“从回来”。He ret

26、urned to school by bike yesterday24 You left your homework at home.leave(left，left)此处用作及物动词，意为 忘了带，丢下常用结构为leave sth介词副词(地点状语)”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处” I left my bag in the classroom辨析: leave与 forget She left her keys in the room地把忘在房间里了。 I forgot her address.我忘了她的地址。25 You are afraid of speaking in front of pe

27、ople afraid形容词，意为“害怕的;，在句中一般作表语，不用在名词前作定语。其主要用法有 be afraid of sb./sth.意为“害怕某人或某事物”。 She is afraid of the dark. be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”，侧重主语“担心、害怕”某事发生。 She is afraid of making mistake. be afraid to do sth.“不敢或害怕做某事”，侧重主语由于害怕而“不敢做某事”。 She is afraid to dive.“ be afraid+that从句”意为“恐怕”，多用于客气地提出个人意

28、见或看法。 Im afraid that I cant go today.26 Your best friend does not trust you anymorenot. anymore意为“不再”，相当于no more，表示程度上或做某事的次数不再增加，修饰非延绫性动词。其中 anymore常用于否定句和疑问句句末，意为“再也(不);(不)再”。no more在系动词be，情态动词或助动词后，实义动词前 I wont copy his homework anymore = will no more copy his homeworkSection B1 My parents give m

29、e a lot of pressure about school.pressure不可数名词，意为“压力”，此处指精神上、外界施加的压力，相当于 stress under pressure压力之下; put pressure on sb.向某人施压。Start out slowly， dont add too much pressure.The team performs well under pressurepress v压;挤; pressure n.压力2 I have to compete with my classmates at schoolcompete不及物动词，意为“竞争;对

30、抗”。 compete with.意为“和竟争”，后面常跟争对手。We cant compete with them on pricecompete v竞争 competition n.竟争 competitor n.竞争者;对手3 The Taylors are a typical American family. (1)the姓氏的复数形式指该姓氏夫妇二人或一家人，表复数含义，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式The Browns are used to living in China nowThe Whites are both teachers.(2) typical形容词，意为“典型的”。

31、He is a typical Englishman4 Maybe I could cut out a few of their activitiescut out意为“删除;删去”，动词+副词Youd better cut out the first two sentences拓展 cut out还可表示“切下;剪下。 I read a good article in the newspaper yesterday， So I cut it out.5 However， the tired children dont get home until after7:00p.mnot until.

32、意为“直到才”She cant leave until FridayI didnt finish my homework until my mother came back from work last night.6 They have a quick dinner， and then its time for homework.1) quick形容词，意为“快的;迅速的;时间短暂的”。其副词形式为 quickly，意为“快地;迅速地。 have a quick dinner意为“匆匆地吃晚饭”，相当于 have dinner quicklyThey had a quick breakfas

33、t and went to school.His action is quicker than mine.(2) Its time for sth.意为“到了做某事的时间了相当于 Its time to do sth.It s time for sb.to do sth意为“到了某人做某事的时间了”。Its time for school,its time to go to schoolIts time for us to go homeIn some families， competition starts very young and continues until the kids ge

34、t older此处用作不及物动词，意为“持续;继续存在”，相当于go onThe rain continued all dayThe earthquake continued for two minutes拓展 continue还可用作及物动词，后面常接名词、动词ing形式或动词不定式。continue to do sth/doing sth. Lets continue our meeting. He continued writing until he died Both of the kids continue to help their mom pick out the fruits

35、7 And they are always comparing them with other children.(1) be always doing sth.意为“总是/一直做某事常含有厌恶、扬、抱怨等感情色彩，不表示某时刻正在发生的动作。Why are you always arguing with others?She is always helping me out when I have difficulies.2) compare此处用作及物动词，意为“比较” compare.wih.意为“把与比较Compare these sentences.比較这些子。You could c

36、ompare yourself with other good students.辨析: compare.with.与 pare.with. 把和作比较compare.to. 把和作比较，可与compare.with.互换 把比作We compared this picture with that one.We often compared children to flowers.9 Its crazy.意为“不智的;疯狂的”，be crazy about意为“对着迷;热衷于.相当于 be mad about.The neighbors must think were crazy.Neithe

37、r of them is/are crazy about computer games10 People shouldnt push their kids so hard.push此处用作及物动词，意为“鞭策;督促”push sb. to do sth.意为“督促某人做某事”。We always have to push him to do his homework.push还可表示“推动;移动;按”，可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。 I pushed the car， but it didnt movePush the button if you want to take the lif

38、t.push意为“推;推动”时，其反义词为pull，意为“拉”。You push while I pull.你推我拉。11 Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a childs development.development用作不可数名词，意为“发展;发育;成长， the development of意为“的发展Parents make a big difference to their childrens development.develop发展 development 发展 12 Dr. Alice Green says all t

39、hese activities can cause a lot of stress for childrencause此处用作及物动词，意为“造成;引起 cause sb to do sth.意为导致某人做某事”Do you know what caused the fire?The accident didnt cause him to change his mind拓展cause还可用作名词，意为“原因;起因What was the cause of the fire?13 In my opinion， it is important for children parents to in

40、ones opinion意为“依看”，其中op用作名词，意为意见;想法;看法 In my opinion， we should read as many books as possible.14 Perhaps children/parents should could. perhaps用作副词，意为“可能;大概;也许相当于 maybe，常位于句首Perhaps/Maybe Martin will try out for the football team.15 You could tell him to turn down the TV辨析 turn down， turn up， turn

41、on turn off提出建议的句型1.Why dont you do sth.?2.Why not do sth.?3.What/How about doing sth.?4.Lets do sth.5.You should(not) do sth.6.Youd better do sth.7.Would you like sth./to do sth.?8.You could do sth.9.Shall we do sth?回答Good idea! Thats a good idea!好主意!/那是个好主意!OK. All right./ Great.好。/行。/太好了。Yes， please.Id love/ like to.是的。/我愿意。No problem.没问题。Sounds/ That sounds good/great.(那)听起来不错/很好I agree with you.我同意你的看法。 I dont think so.我不这样认为。Id love/ like to， but I have to.我愿意，但我得That sounds boring.那听上去很乏味Im afraid.恐怕Sorry，I cant. / Sorry，but.抱歉，我不能。/抱歉，但是