-人教新目标版八年级下册《英语》Unit7知识点.docx

1、 Unit 7Section A1 1025 meters deepdeep/di:p/adj. 深的；纵深的；deep 用作形容词，意为“深的； 纵深的”。“某物深度”的表达方式为：基数词+表示“度量”的名词+deepThe hole is 10 meters deep.在英语中、表示“事物的长、宽、高”等时，其表达方式为:基数词+表示“度量”的名词( meter，foot等)+形容词(long，wide，tall等)The river is about 10 meters wide.Britains biggest carrot is almost six meters long.2 Qo

2、molangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.adj比较级+than any other+单数名词=最高级+单数名词。原句相当于Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class.This book is more difficult than any other book here.=This book is the most

3、difficult book here.any other +可数名词单数可与the other +可数名词复数互换。any other +可数名词单数(表示比较的对象在同一范围之内)China is bigger than any other country in Asia.the other +可数名词复数(表示比较的对象在同一范围之内)China is bigger than the other countries in Asia.any +可数名词单数(表示比较的对象不在同一范围之内)China is bigger than any country in Africa.3China h

4、as the biggest population in the world. populationpopulation意为“人口”时，是一个集体名词，被看作一个整体，在句中做主语时，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。The population of China is large. 【拓展】(1)当表示一个城市、地区或国家有多少人口时，常用以下两种结构，即:“the population of + 某地 + is + 数词”或“某地 + has a population of + 数词”。例如：The population of London is over ten million. =London

5、 has a population of over ten million.(2) population可与large big small搭配，但不能与many，few搭配。The city with large population has become crowded.(3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。Whats the population of Beijing? =How large is the population of Beijing?=How many people are there in Beijing?(4) population前有修饰词，如分数、百

6、分数时，表示整体人口中的一部分，谓语动词单复数都可以。One half of the population of the city are /is farmers.4 Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?one of + the+adj最高级+可数名词复数,意思是“是中最之一”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。Beijing is one of the biggest cities in the world.翻译：钓鱼在中年人当中是最受欢迎的活动之一。5 Feel free to ask m

7、e anything on todays Great Wall tour。(1)feel free to do sth.Feel free to eat dinner here anytime.(2)tourtour此处用作可数名词，意为“旅行;旅游”。 a tour of/around.意为“的旅行”a 10- day tour of ChinaWe are planning a tour around the worldtour用作动词，意为“游历;旅行”。tourist用作可数名词，意为“旅行者;观光者”。Every year， lots of tourists come to the

8、beautiful place.6 Wow,thats amazing!amazing，令人惊喜（或惊叹的）。其主语或所修饰的名词通常是事物。This is an amazing story. The sunrise is so amazing!amazed adj.用作形容词（感到）惊异的；吃惊的，其主语或所修饰的名词通常是人。He was amazed at the news.7 The main reason was to protect their part of country.protect作及物动词，意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against

9、，意为“保护某人/某物免受伤害”。We should protect rare animals. Parents protect their young from danger. Protecting nature is protecting ourselves.8 As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式,还可以说so far as I know,意思是“据我所知”。As far as I know, he will be away for t

10、hree months. As far as I can see, you have done nothing wrong. 依我看,你没有做错任何事。【知识拓展】as far as表示“像那样远;远到”,后跟名词或从句,强调至某一指明地点的距离。在否定句中也可用so far as。She didnt go as far as the others (did).as soon as表示“一.就.”As soon as he got in the yard, his little son ran up to him.他一走进院子,他的小儿子就朝他跑过来。I will tell him the n

11、ews as soon as he comes. (主将从现)他一到,我就告诉他这个消息。as well as“和.一样;也;和”,这个结构连接两个并列主语,谓语动词和前面那个一致;as well as也可以连接宾语。Sam as well as I has much work to do. Sam和我一样,有很多工作要做。(表达的重点在Sam)He invited you as well as I. (I是主格,所以是和He并列的,所以这句话是说:他和我都邀请了你。He invited you as well as me. (me是个宾格代词,只能是和you并列了:他不但邀请了你,还邀请了我

12、。as+adj/adv+as possible “尽可能地”As soon as he saw the monster, Jack ran away as quickly as possible. Jack一看到妖怪,就以最快的速度跑开了。The car cost as much as one million.这辆车花费高达一百万。as long as表示“长达; 只要(接从句,一般遵循主将从现)”,否定句还可以用so long as The Great Wall is as long as 5,000 kilometers. Ill go as long as the weather is

13、good.man-made“人造的”为形容词性的合成词。类似的有:handmade homemade machine-madegood-looking相貌好看的; hard-working勤劳的; well-known著名的; fast-food专门提供快餐服务的。take-away外带的; middle-aged中年的; kind-hearted好心的9 Thick clouds cover the top and snow can fall very hard. thick/k /adj. 厚的；浓的用法例句用作形容词，意为“厚的；稠的”。反义词为 thinThe old man like

14、s to eat thick soup.This dictionary is very thick.thick 的其他含义“茂密的；密集的”a thick forest 茂密的森林a thick head of hair 一头浓密的头发粗壮的There is a thick tree in the yard.10 Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.更加严峻你的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。(1)includeinclude作动词，意为“包括；包含”。例如：

15、The price for the hotel includes breakfast.Please include me in your group.【拓展】including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外，在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用，和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语，意思是“包括在内”。例如：There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.同样，included也

16、有介词用法，且：including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.(2)condition n.意为“条件;状况”,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。Everything is in good condition.He is overweight and out of condition.on one condition 有一给条件【知识拓展】condition的相关搭配： in good/bad/excellent condition 状况好/糟糕/极佳 out of cond

17、ition 健康状况不佳 living/working conditions 生活/工作条件 under the condition that 在的前提下(3)freezing用作形容词，意为“极冷的;冰冻的”，相当于 extremely coldIt was freezing that morning.拓展 freezing还可用作名词，意为“冰点”。The temperature is below freezing气温在零度以下。 freeze(froze， frozen)用作动词，意为“结冰;(使)冻住”。Water freezes at 0.水在0摄氏度时结冰。11 It is als

18、o very hard to take in air as you get near the top.take in为固定短语，意为“吸入;人(体内)”。Open the window and take in fresh air.拓展由take组成的常见短语还有take down拆除;记录 take after(外貌或行为)像 take away拿走;拿开 take off脱掉;起飞take up开始做;占据take out取出12 While the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.succeed作不及物动词

19、，意为“成功”；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth。例如：His plan succeeded. At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 【拓展】(1)success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，作不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：Failure is the mother of success.His new book was a great success. (2)successful作形容词，意为“成功的”。be successful in The performance wa

20、s successful. 演出很成功。 It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。 13 One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 一个主要的原因是人们想在面对困难时挑战自己。(1)challenge此处用作vt,意为“挑战;考验” ; challenge sb. to sth./to do sth. “向某人挑战”(尤指在对方不情愿时)Mike challenged me to a game of

21、chess.迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。He challenged me to play chess.他向我挑战下象棋。(2)challenge作可数名词,意为“挑战;比赛等的邀请”常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。We accepted their challenge to a baseball game.我们接受了他们棒球邀请的挑战。【知识拓展】challenge作名词的相关短语：face a challenge面临挑战; meet the challenge of.迎接的挑战; accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战mount a challenge发起挑战; a ch

22、allenge to 对的质疑14 The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. give up意为“放弃”,后面可以接n/pron/doing作宾语,动副短语My uncle wants to give up drinking wine. achieve vt,意为“达到;完成;成功”,其宾语可以是“实现”的目标,也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。adj.achievable可达到的; n.achievement成就;成绩(c.n)Sh

23、e achieved no success.He achieved/realized his dream.【知识拓展】achieve表示“实现”时,与realize/come true同义,但come true为vi短语,而另外两个均为vt。achieveachieve指实现梦想、目标,主语是人He hopes to achieve all his aims soon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。come truecome true实现,主语多是梦想、蓝图、计划等At last, his dream came true.最后,他实现了他的梦想。15 It also shows that human

24、s can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.force n.意为“力,力量,武力”, the force of nature自然的力量; the force of an explosion爆炸力vt.意为“强迫,迫使”,force sb to do sth意为“破使某人做某事”。nature u.n意为“自然界;大自然”,其形容词形式为natural,意为“自然的;自然界的;天生的”。natural resourcesThe countrys natural resources include forests, coal and

25、oil.这个国家的自然资源包括森林、煤和石油。He is a natural musician.16 even though=even if17 the Pacific OceanSection B1 This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.(1)weigh 连系动词 有.的重量weigh表示“称的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词I weighed the box. It weighs 20 kg. 对重量进行提问How much do/does.weigh?How heavy.?【拓展】weigh其名词形式

26、为weight,意为“体重,重量”。Whats your height and weight.你的身高体重是多少？ in weight在体重方面。The boy weighs 20 kg.The boy is 20 kg in weight.这个男孩重20公斤。lose weight减肥; put on weight增肥(2) time在此意为“倍数,次数”,表示三倍或三倍以上时使用。(两倍用twice表示)【知识拓展】英文中倍数的几种常见的表达方式: A+基数词+times as +adj/adv+as +B “A是B的几倍”This table isthree timesas long/w

27、ide/big/expensive as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍长/宽/大/贵。 A+基数词+times +比较级+than+B “A比B(长/宽/大/贵.)几倍”This hole is five times deeper than that one=This hole is six times as deep as that one.这个洞是那个洞的6倍深。 “基数词+times + morenthan ”He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多5倍。3 A panda

28、can live up to 20 to 30 years. 大熊猫能活20至30岁。up to到达(某数量、程度等); 至多有; 不多于。live up to指 “活到岁”。There are up to seventy students in the classroom.The old man can live up to ninety years.【知识拓展】up to的其他含义： up to “直到;到为止” Up to now everything has been successful.到目前为止,一切都很顺利。 up to sb. “某人的责任;由决定” I think I wi

29、ll leave it up to you.我想让你决定。4. At birth, a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos. 出生时，一只大熊猫宝宝大约0.1到0.2千克重。birth n.出生;诞生,常见搭配： at birth出生时; date of birth出生日期; give birth to生孩子 Whats your date of birth?你是哪天出生的?【易混辨析】 born是bear的过去分词,意为“出生”,常用结构:sb.was/were born。be born with“天生.”I was born in summer in

30、1988.我出生于1988年的夏天。 birth是名词,意为“出生,诞生,分娩”,反义词是death,意为“死,死亡”。She gave birth to a girl last night.5 endangered/dangerous/danger6 research 与do/make/carry out连用research into 对.进行研究Im doing research on Chinese history.Theyre researching into the causes of cancer.7 Panda keepers are preparing milk for the

31、 baby pandas breakfast.大熊猫饲养员正在准备大熊猫宝宝的早餐牛奶。prepare sth. for sb./sth. “给准备” She prepared a nice breakfast for us.她给我们准备了可口的早餐。【知识拓展】 prepare sb. for sth. “使某人对某事有所准备” Im preparing myself for the coming final exam。 prepare to do sth. “准备做” They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.

32、 be prepared for sth. “为做好了准备”(强调状态) They were well prepared for the worst. prepare for “为做准备”(强调动作),for的宾语是准备的对象。 They are busy preparing for the final exam.8 awake-asleepwake upIs he awake or asleep?9they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends an

33、d fall over!它们兴奋地跑向他们,其中一些年幼的大熊猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒。(1)excitement n.激动;兴奋。The excitement of the games has made them tired. 做游戏的兴奋使他们很疲劳。【易混辨析】excitevt,意为 “使兴奋,使激动”。The news excited everybody. 消息鼓舞了每个人。exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,主语一般是物,在句中作表语或定语The news is so exciting that we cant go to sleep. 这个消息让我们兴奋得无法入睡。excited

34、adj,意为“兴奋的”,多指人受到事物的影响,主语一般是人,在句中作表语。be excited about表示“对感到激动”。We are very excited to hear of your success. 听到你们的成功,我们非常兴奋。excitementn,意为” “激动,兴奋”。 to ones excitement意为“使某人兴奋的是”。with excitement 激动地，兴奋地To my excitement, our team won. 让我兴奋的是,我们队赢了。(2)run over to 跑向.walk into走路时撞向(3)fall over表示“绊倒,摔倒”。

35、She hit him so hard that she fell over.她重重地撞击他,结果自己摔倒了。【易混辨析】fall down强调“滑倒,倒下”,后面不直接接宾语。后面接宾语时应加上介词from。The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down. 男孩重重地撞在树上,结果自己倒下了。fall off强调的是“滑倒,倒下”,后面直接接宾语。The girl is falling off the bike.The girl is falling down from the bike.fall over强调的是“向前摔倒,跌倒”fall ov

36、er sth 被某物绊倒I saw the little girl fall over.我看到这个小女孩跌倒了。10 Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and the other countries.(1)another+基数词+名词=基数词+other+名词(2)or so +数字、时间=about、around+数字、时间11The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long. 大熊猫宝宝经常死于疾病,或者活不了多久。die vi,(

37、died-died)意为“死”,现在分词为dying。die from表示“死于(事故，缺乏食物等外部原因)”。The old man died from an accident.die of 表示“死于(年老等自身原因),在表示疾病的名词前用die from/ of都可以。His father died of starvation in Germany.他的父亲饿死在德国。She died from/of cancer.她死于癌症。illness n.(名词)疾病。He had several illnesses, including heart disease.他患有多种疾病,其中包括心脏

38、病。【易混辨析】ill作“生病的”讲时只作表语,不作定语,比较级为worse。She cant go to school because she is ill. sick作“生病的”讲时,既可作表语(此时相当于ill),也可作定语;sick作表语时还表示“恶心的,要引起呕吐的”之意。Please take good care of the sick boy. 请照顾好这个生病的男孩。illness是ill的名词形式,意为“病,疾病”。She cant go to school because of her illness. diseasen.病;疾病,各种疾病的术语;指特定的、具体的病名、病类。heart disease心脏病读数在hundred后面加and。当百数位是0时，在thousand后加and形容词副词比较级最高级用法