阅读理解技巧－细节题.ppt

1、 1.What problems or difficulties will we meet when dealing with Factual Information Questions?2.What effective ways have we had to smooth any obstacle away?1.课程标准课程标准 从近几年细节理解题的考查来看，不仅是数从近几年细节理解题的考查来看，不仅是数量增加，而且难度也稍有加大，表现为：答量增加，而且难度也稍有加大，表现为：答案需要跨段落搜集信息；题目设置顺序与全案需要跨段落搜集信息；题目设置顺序与全文顺序不一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方

2、文顺序不一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。式不一致。以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为以考查语言运用能力为主，考查语言知识为辅，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方向辅，考查的侧重点将向语篇能力的运用方向倾斜，要求与考生运用自己的综合能力和知倾斜，要求与考生运用自己的综合能力和知识结构去解决问题。识结构去解决问题。在选材上强调了语言的交际性原则。阅读理在选材上强调了语言的交际性原则。阅读理解部解部 分所选材料情景真实明确，题材多样，分所选材料情景真实明确，题材多样，语言地道，试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言地道，试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言交际能力。语言交际能力。2.高考大纲高考大纲

3、 理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息。1.考查理解文章主要细节的试题，命题人一般都是通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。2.细节题有可能是直接理解题，但多数情况下是间接理解题。要求在理解的基础上，通过思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化、比如计算、排序、选图等。一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用等提问）。语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）。数字计算题，排列顺序题等等。把原文中的限定词去掉

4、。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。项。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成发生的事来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成发生的事情。情。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出结论，而文中并未涉及。出结论，而文中并未涉及。把原来做该事的。把原来做该事的“张三张三”换成换成“李李四四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。误选。5.。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述

5、中的描述与原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，中的描述与原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。把原文中把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。把原文中的词变换一下。把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。造障碍。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。化，成为正确答案。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。为正确选项（适用于寻找

6、错误选项的题目）。这类题型的题干常为：1.When/Where did the story happen?2.Which of the following statements is(not)correct/false/mentioned in the passage?3.Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?4.All the statements are true/false except 5.What does the writer pay least attention to?这类题型的题干常为：6.Wh

7、ich of the following is not the result of?7.Which of the following best characterize the main feature of?8.Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of /relationship of?9.Which of the following maps shows the right way to?10.Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what is li

8、ke?二、辨认主要的事实或细节 辨认细节属客观理解。辨认细节要求我们学生寻找支撑主题思想的那些主要的事实。细节的辨认又分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。1.直接辨认直接辨认 细节的直接辨认细节不要求考生对客观的事实作解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求记住重要的细节，在必要的时候（作判断、推论或结论的时候）能准确而迅速 地将它们回忆出来。63.Why did the author get impatient while driving?A.He was lonely on the road.B.He was slowed down by a truckC.He got tired o

9、f driving too long.D.He came across too many traffic lights.考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg,a distance of about eighty miles.It was late.Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left,and I became incr

10、easingly impatient.考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)63.Why did the author get impatient while driving?A.He was lonely on the toad.B.He was slowed down by a truckC.He got tired of driving too long.D.He came across too many traffic lights.B.He was slowed down by a truck考例考例I(2012全国全国 I，C)49.What does the smile usua

11、lly mean in the U.S?A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy D.Thankfulness.考例考例 II 2012全国全国II C 篇篇Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A womans smile at a pol

12、ice officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion across cultures.考例考例 II 2012全国全国II C 篇篇49.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S?A.Love.B.Politeness.C.Joy D.Thankfuln

13、ess.考例考例 II 2012全国全国II C 篇篇C.Joy 2.间接辨认间接辨认 间接间接辨认不仅要求考生能从阅读材辨认不仅要求考生能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息用同义或近义的形式复述出来。用同义或近义的形式复述出来。做这类题目时，考生需要对原文做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于细节理解步的推理或鉴别，这是介于细节理解题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。考生来说有一定难度。51.What should we do

14、 before attempting to“read”people?A.Learn about their relations with others.B.Understand their culture backgrounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 Our faces show emotions,but we should not attempt to“read”people from

15、another culture as we would“read”someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.51.What should we do before attempting to“read”people?A.Learn about their relations w

16、ith others.B.Understand their culture backgrounds.C.Find out about their past experience.D.Figure out what they will do next.考例考例12012全国全国II，C篇篇 B.Understand their culture backgrounds.29.In the last paragraph,you are advised .A.to go through some difficult testsB.to wake up from your wild dreamsC.to

17、 become a powerful person in your mindD.to wear expensive clothes for job interviews考例考例II 2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview.But,next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible,imagine what it would take to overcome it.Become the

18、 person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first.So,let your imagination run wild,and dare to dream.考例考例II 2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题 29.In the last paragraph,you are advised .A.to go through some difficult testsB.to wake up from your wild dreamsC.to become a powerful person

19、 in your mindD.to wear expensive clothes for job interviews考例考例II 2013广东广东A篇，篇，29题题C.to become a powerful person in your mind33.Successful people suggest doing what one loves because _.A.work makes one feel pain B.one tends to enjoy his workC.one gives up his work easilyD.it takes a lot of time to s

20、ucceed2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题 However,to succeed in life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.To become great at certain things,itll requir

21、e even more time,time that most people wont put in.This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love.If you dont enjoy what you do,it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题33.Suc

22、cessful people suggest doing what one loves because _.A.work makes one feel pain B.one tends to enjoy his workC.one gives up his work easilyD.it takes a lot of time to succeed2013广东广东B篇，篇，33小题小题D.it takes a lot of time to succeed35.The author supports deeding the baby_.A.in the night B.every four ho

23、ursC.whenever it wants food D.according to its blood sugar level2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题 I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor,mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it,from the babys point of view.I hope this research will put

24、 an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题35.The author supports feeding the baby_.A.in the night B.every four hoursC.whenever it wants food D.according to its blood sugar level2012广东广东B篇，篇，35小题小题C.whenever it wants food 3.数字计算题数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考

25、的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接出考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份或比例计算等。以是对年代的计算、月份或比例计算等。文章中经常出现许多数字，它们对解题文章中经常出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类题的方法是产生一定的影响。解答此类题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等得出正确的答案。析、计算等得出正确的答案。67.A volunteer is usually expected

26、to work within a year for at least _.A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48 hours D.72 hours考例考例1 2012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months.They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a pa

27、rk,cooking,playing sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self-respect,confidence and life direction.考例考例1 2012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇 67.A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least _.A.24 hours B.36 hours C.48

28、 hours D.72 hours考例考例1 2012江西卷，江西卷，C篇篇B.36 hours55.How many cities has Lucys U.S.tour plan already included?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six D.Eleven.考例考例2 2012全国全国II，D篇篇Even the Ethiopian Public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital.Adds Ababa,is a repli

29、ca while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston,Texas,spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S.tour,which will start in Houston next September.The six-year tour will also go to Washington,New York,Denver and

30、Chicago.考例考例2 2012全国全国II，D篇篇55.How many cities has Lucys U.S.tour plan already included?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six D.Eleven.考例考例2 2012全国全国II，D篇篇B.Five.1.这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用题时可采用1.Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County,Ne

31、vada,a district roughly the size of Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.Gerner needs 73 new schools to house them,four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品样品);they plan to construct their s

32、chools starting in 2009.The district will then assess how well the schools perform,and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.1.Which order of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A.Assessment Prototype Design Construction B.Design-Assessment Prototype Construction

33、C.Design Assessment Prototype Construction D.Design Prototype Assessment-Construction1.Gerner manages school facilities for Clark County,Nevada,a district roughly the size of Massachusetts.By 2018,143,000 additional students will enter the already crowded public-education system.Gerner needs 73 new

34、schools to house them,four architecture teams have nearly finished designing primary school prototypes(样品样品);they plan to construct their schools starting in 2009.The district will then assess how well the schools perform,and three winners will copy those designs in 50 to 70 new buildings.1.Which or

35、der of steps is followed in carrying out the project?A.Assessment Prototype Design Construction B.Design-Assessment Prototype Construction C.Design Assessment Prototype Construction D.Design Prototype Assessment-ConstructionD.Design Prototype Assessment-ConstructionBLets practice to experience the effective skills and methods for in Reading Comprehension.Lets complete the exercises on the paper.