2020届高考英语二轮复习课件：专题三十一高考英语复习之任务型阅读 (共50张PPT).pptx

1、031-2020高考英语复习之任务型阅读 任务型读写题中的阅读能力要求考生在有限的时间内快速领会 文章的主旨大意，快速理解句段细节意义和理清上下文的逻辑 关系，要能够理解文章作者的观点、态度和意图，同时不能忽 视对语篇的整体把握和领悟。任务型读写的体裁主要是说明文 和议论文。 考点一 考查考生的阅读理解能力 1信息筛选题 信息筛选题是基础题目，一般可以直接通过将表格和短文进行对照，边读 文章边找出与试题相关的句子信息，获取到相关单词，有时试题和原文句 型句式不同，需进行简单的逻辑推理然后找到相应单词，不需变化，直接 填入。 2整合转换题 整合转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要考生有基本的构词法知

2、识，对句 子成分和词性的对应关系要明确。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子 信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提 炼出新词。 考点二 考查有效信息筛选整合和综合概括能力 词形整合转换 被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在名词、动词、 形容词、副词等之间进行转换。 句型整合转换 试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需 根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑联系进行句型转换。 表格内词性、大小写和语法运用上要保持一致。同一单元格要注意在 用词方面保持一致的格式 善用同义词和反义词进行转换 正确使用构词法 熟练运用语法句型转换 综合

3、概括题 综合概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握， 通过观察表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出所考查的 单词。此类设题一般位于表格的第一行或第一列。 总结、概括：conclusion, summary 建议：suggestion, tip, advice, proposal, recommendation 影响：effect, influence, impact 印象：impression 因果：reason, cause; result, consequence 概括性词汇 为更快捷地掌握概括能力，总结和熟记一些概括性词汇及其固定搭配也很有必要 （1）一审表格结构 注意文章内容脉络，标题

4、和所需的表达类型。 （2）二审短文意义 注意文章的段落和表格的匹性。 （3）三审语法运用 注意涉及到的构词法和语法项目。 审题思路 英语中的十大词类均在句子中充当成分，记住词性与成分关系： （1）谓语：动词（具备人称、数、时态、语态、语气、情态的变化特 点）。 记住：英语中任何完整的句子都离不开谓语动词，没谓语动词的句子通常是错 误的。 （2）主语和宾语：名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式和从句。 （3）表格和补语：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、非修饰性副词、非 谓语形式和从句。 （4）定语：名词及其所有格、代词、数词、形容词、副词、非谓语形式和从 句。 （5）状语：副词、形容词、不定式、

5、分词和从句。 （6）同位语：名词、代词、动名词、不定式和从句。 词性与句子成分的一致性关系 切记： （1）“the+形容词”可转化为名词表示一类人/物。 （2）形容词充当状语只表示主语特征和状态，不修饰谓语动词；修饰谓 语动词用副词。 He got home at last, tired and hungry. He was lying on the grass, relaxed. He sings happily. （3）能接宾语的只有及物动词和介词，构成动宾和介宾结构。 （4）主、谓、宾、表、补语是句子的基本成分，不可或缺；定、状、同 位语是修饰成分，缺少时基本句型依然成立。 句型转换形式

6、例说 整合转换题需要在原文和表格设题句之间进行同义或反义转换，英语 中一种意思的同义和反义的表达往往有很多，或是单词、短语、句型 之间的转换使用，或是词法和句法上的转换表达。需要平时进行大量 的记忆积累和转换训练。 导致：cause, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about 表演：act, play, perform, give/ put a performance, play a part/role in, show 成败：success, achievement, victory, triumph: failure, defeat 利弊

7、：advantage; disadvantage 异同：difference, distinction; the same, similarity, equality 优点：advantage, strong point, strength, virtue 单词、短语、句型 缺点：disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness, drawback 利益、好处：good, benefit, interest, profit, gain 错误：mistake, error, fault 质量、品质：quantity, amount, number 数量：quantity,

8、amount, number 目的：purpose, aim, goal, objective 方法：way, means, method, approach, solution, manner 措施：measure, action 行为、活动：action, behavior, conduct, activity 步骤：step, stage, process, procedure 频率、频度：frequency, rate 程度：degree, level, extent 观点、意见：opinion, view, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint 想

9、法：idea, thought, thinking 无意识：(un)awareness, (un)consciousness 原理、原则、规律：theory, principle, law 意义：significance, meaning, sense 价值：value 态度：attitude, manner 感觉：feeling, emotion, motivation 同意、正面：agreement, pros, approval, positive, favor, support 反对、反面：disagreement, cons, negative, opposite, contrary

10、, opposition, objection 要求、需要：demand, need, requirement, request, desire, claim 问题：question, problem, issue 答案：answer, key, solution, result 反应：response, reaction 变化：change 比较：comparison, contrast 评价：feature, character, characteristic 特点：feature, character, characteristic 种类：kind, sort, type, style,

11、 form, category, variety, class, description 等级：grade, rank, degree, class 风俗、习惯：custom, manner, practice, habit 主题、话题：theme, subject, topic 标题：title, headline, heading 作用、功能：use, usage, function 关系、联系：relation, relationship, connection, touch, link, contact 来源、历史：origin, history, source 事实、现实：fact,

12、 reality, actuality 规则、规定：rule, regulation 情况、状况：things, status, situation, condition, case, circumstance, state 说明：explanation, statement, description, instruction, direction 介绍：introduction, presentation 定义：definition 描述性词汇：length, height, width, depth, distance, weight, size, color, look, appeara

13、nce, shape, rate, speed, age, sex, price 小试牛刀 第四部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上C每个空格只填1个单词。 Many businesses offer membership cards to clients, promising that they will enjoy discounts, and the more they use the cards, the bigger the discounts

14、 will be. This is a common practice to attract and keep regular customers. By providing quality products or services at reasonable prices, businesses can indeed achieve this goal. However, in recent years, consumers trying to book flights or hotels on certain websites have discovered that prices wer

15、e actually higher for frequent users than for newcomers. They found that they could pay less by opening up a new account rather than using an old one. Unfortunately, these businesses are using information gathered through big data on clients preferences and purchasing habits to take advantage of the

16、m, which amounts to targeted price discrimination. There have been numerous cases of overcharging based on big data on various shopping platforms in recent years. 1. 2020盐城市三模 However, since its difficult to collect sufficient evidence to accuse these businesses, only a small number of consumers hav

17、e chosen to take them on. Thus, big data, which is supposed to benefit the public, is helping some businesses cheat consumers. Big data itself is not a bad thing, since it is playing an increasingly important role in social life and economic growth. It can serve as a basic resource and tool. But sin

18、ce it is being used to overcharge frequent clients, the public has expressed anger. Its a short-sighted behavior that will eventually drive away customers. Instead, big data should be used to improve businesses services and products by strengthening supervision （监督）and punishment so that this new te

19、chnology can play its due role in Internet commerce. Its urgent to stop the misuse of big data by stepping up supervision. Market and network supervisory authorities need to join hands in this effort. The illegal use of big data should be severely punished. Advanced technology should be more widely

20、used to supervise big data use. Its all right for businesses to employ certain methods to make big money, but to charge regular clients more than newcomers by taking advantage of information collected through big data analysis is violating regular clients rights as well as their trust in these busin

21、esses. The Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests clearly states that consumers have the right to know the truth about the commodities and services they buy. Thus, to overcharge regular clients is not only betraying the principle of fairness and sincerity, but also relevant laws. In

22、the long run, its the businesses that will suffer most. Passage outlineSupporting details A common practiceBusinesses, which promise quality products with lower costs, offer membership cards with the ( 71) of appealing to regular customers. A reality (72)to expectations Newcomers can enjoy a (73)dis

23、count than frequent clients byregistering a new account.Personal information gathered; clients have fallen (74) to targetedprice discrimination. The role of big data insocial andeconomi c life Despite (75)of hard evidence, there have been lots of caseswhere companies overcharge customers with the he

24、lp of big data.Playing its due role, big data can (76) both businesses and thepublic. (77) todiscouragi ng misuse of big data Market and network supervisory authorities should make (78)efforts.Severe (79) is necessary to fight against the illegal use of big datawith the wide application of advanced

25、technology. ConclusionOvercharging regular clients violates the principle of fairness and relevant laws, which, in the long run, will be most (80) to businesses. How Do We Make Good Use of Big Data in Commerce 答案： 71. intention 2. contrary 73. bigger 74. victim 75. lack/shortage 76. benefit 77. Appr

26、oaches 78. joint/combined 79. punishment 80. harmful 这篇任务型讲了商家利用大数据杀熟的现象和对策。总体考察理解概括，也出现原词重现， 难度中等。较难的是74 题，可以定位到句子，但是需要自己概括出客人是大数据的受害者； 80 题要注意题干换了主语，换成了overcharging 这个行为，因此要转换成harmful。 第71 题 理解概括题，也考察固定搭配。第一段最后一句.businesses can indeed achieve this goal.，商家提供各种优质服务和折扣是为了达成吸引顾客的目的，intention of doing

27、.做.的目 的，故填intention。 第72 题 理解概括题。结合第二段在说商家运用大数据杀熟造成价格歧视的现象，也就是 期望和现实是相反的，故填contrary。 第73 题 理解概括题。第二段第二句.they could pay less by opening up a new account.开通一个新的 账户可以支付更少，也就是享受更大的折扣，故填bigger。 第74 题 理解概括题。结合第二段后半在说，商家收集了顾客的大数据，占据了优势进行 有策略性的价格歧视，顾客成了受害者，故填victim。 第75 题 理解概括题。第三段第二行，.since its difficult t

28、o collect sufficient evidence.，没有足够证 据，也就是缺乏，故填lack 或者shortage。 第75 题 理解概括题。第三段第二行，.since its difficult to collect sufficient evidence.，没有足够证 据，也就是缺乏，故填lack 或者shortage。 第76 题 理解概括题。结合第三段后半在说大数据有了规则的约束可以提升服务品质刺激 经济等等，也就是对商家顾客都有好处，结合该段第四行的benefit，故填benefit。 第77 题 理解概括题，也考察固定搭配。第四顿在说如何应对大数据下的杀熟，也就是 遏制滥

29、用大数据的手段，approaches to doing.，.的方法，故填Approaches。 第78 题 理解概括题,也考察固定搭配。第四段第二行.join hands in this effort，也就是要共同联合的 努力，故填joint 或者combined。 第79 题 原词重现。第四段第三行.be severely punished，不合理的使用大数据要被严厉的惩罚，动 词转名词，故填punishment。 第80 题 理解概括题。结合最后一段和最后一句In the long run, its the business that will suffer most. 也就是说对顾客的不

30、合理行为在未来会使得商业本身反受其害，也就是这种行为对商业本身有害， 故填harmful。 Orchids Secret Orchids(兰花）are some of the most rare and delicate species in all of nature.For hundreds of years orchids have been prized discoveries of collectors and adventurers hoping to find new and diverse kinds of the flower.“Orchid hunters“went loo

31、king for the mysterious orchids and brought back new types to sell.However,many of them met with tragedy instead.Dozens of hunters were killed by accidents or diseases or murder.Others became food for horrible creatures. While the plants have long been valued for their beauty,they may be even more i

32、mportant to science and our understanding of co-evolution.Unlike plants that can self-pollinate(自我 授粉），orchids need very specific insects or birds to spread their pollen.The process by which insects,the wind,or birds spread the pollen of different flowers is called pollination.Pollen is a powder pro

33、duced by plants that contains their genetic material.In order for the plants to reproduce,the pollen must be physically moved to the flowers stigma(花的柱头），which contains an egg.Now the fertilized egg can become a seed.Birds and insects can pollinate plants by touching many different flowers and sprea

34、ding the pollen around. 2. 2020扬州5月调研 Orchids evolved to attract insects and birds.Because there are many different species of orchid, there are also many different ways the orchids attract their pollinators.Orlean explains that“many species look so much like their favorite insects that an insect mi

35、stakes them for its relatives.and when it lands on the flower to visit,pollen sticks to its body.Another orchid imitates the shape of something that a pollinating insect likes to kill.Other species look like the mate of their pollinator, so the bug tries to mate with one orchid and then another.and

36、spreads pollen from flower to flower each hopeless time.“ Other orchids dont use their shape at all,but rather produce specialized smells to attract specific insects,such as bees,beetles or flies.Some orchids smell like cake,some like chocolate,and some like rotting meat.All these smells may seem we

37、ird,but they exist to attract creatures to their pollen and help the orchids survive. Orchids provide new angles for the research into plant and animal evolution on the earth.The strategies to attract insects and spread their flowers pollen go on and on.Each family of orchids has a unique kind of in

38、sect or bird that visits their flowers,as well as its own way of attracting them.It has worked,too.Orchid species number more than 25,000 worldwide,which is more kinds of species than any other flower on the planet,and new ones are still being found. Orchids and the insects that pollinate them are o

39、ne of the most amazing examples of evolution.By tricking the insects that collect its pollen,the orchid has survived since the time of the dinosaurs. 71. value/ importance/ significance 72. risked/ sacrificed/ lost 73. reproduce 74. similar 75. resemble/ imitate 76. cheat/ trick/ fool 77. Rather 78.

40、 biological 79. greatest/ largest/ biggest 80. survival/ existence 71. value / importance / significance. 根据第一小节“For hundreds of years orchids have been prized discoveries of collectors and adventurers ”, prized discoveries表示“有价值的发 现”。 72. risked / sacrificed / lost. 根据第一小节最有一句话“Dozens of hunters we

41、re killed by accidents or diseases or murder. Others became food for horrible creatures.” 73. reproduce. 根据第二小节倒数第三句话“In order for the plants to reproduce, ” 74. similar. 根据第三小节第三句话“many species look so much like their favorite insects that an insect mistakes them for its relatives ”。这里用到短语be simila

42、r to sth 75. imitate / resemble. 根据第三小节第四句“Another orchid imitates the shape of something that a pollinating insect likes to kill.” 76. cheat / trick / fool. 根据第三小节第五句“Other species look like the mate of their pollinator, so the bug tries to mate with one orchid and then another and spreads pollen f

43、rom flower to flower each hopeless time.” 77. Rather. 根据第四小节第一句 “Other orchids dont use their shape at all, but rather produce specialized smells to attract specific insects ” 78. evolution/ co-evolution. 根据第二小节第一句“While the plants have long been valued for their beauty, they may be even more import

44、ant to science and our understanding of co- evolution.” 79. largest / greatest / biggest. 根据第五小节最后一句“Orchid species number more than 25,000 worldwide, which is more kinds of species than any other flower on the planet ” 80. survival / existence. 根据最后一小节最后一句“By tricking the insects that collect its p

45、ollen, the orchid has survived since the time of the dinosaurs.” 二、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） Here are a number of English learning tips to help you improve your English.Choose a few of them to get started today! Ask yourself weekly:What do | want to learn this week? Asking yourself this question ever

46、y week will help you stop and think for a moment about what is most important to you.It is easy to focus only on the current unit,grammar exercise,etc.If you take a moment to stop to make a careful plan for each week,you will notice the progress you are making and,in turn,become more inspired by how

47、 quickly you are learning English!You will be surprised at how this feeling of success will motivate you to learn even more English. Quickly review important new information shortly before going to bed. Research has shown that our brains process information that is fresh in our brains while we sleep

48、.By shortly(this means very quickly-just a glance at what you are working on at the moment) going over some exercise,reading,etc. before you go to sleep,your brain will work away on this information while you sleep! While doing exercises and alone at home or in your room,speak English aloud. 3. 2020

49、南京市六校联合体5月联考 Connect the muscles(肌肉）of your face to the information in your head.Just as understanding the basics of tennis does not make you a great tennis player,understanding grammar rules does not mean you can automatically speak English well.You need to practice the act of speaking often.Speaking by yourself at home and reading the exercises you are doing will help connect your brain to your facial muscles and improve pronunciation and make your knowledge active.