Unit 5 Into the Unknown Integrated skills（ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.zip

Unit 5Unit 5 Into the unknownFacing the unknownToreadapassageabouthumanbeingsinthefaceoftheunknown,understandthegeneralidea,andmastersomeexpressions.Tocompletethelisteningexercisesandmasterthebasiclisteningskills.Tobeabletointroducehumansresearchonotherscientifictopicsbycomprehensivelyusingtheexpressionsthatyouhavelearned.Look at the pictures on Page 54 and read the words and expressions in bold in the passage.Guess what the passage will talk about and share it with your partner.Read the passage and answer the questions.Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.1.Whatistheflightinstinct?Whydosomepeoplereactthatwayinthefaceoftheunknown?Flightinstinctisourinstinctivereactiontogetawayfromastrange,unfamiliarordangeroussituation.Somepeoplereactthatwayinthefaceoftheunknownbecauseitisasensibleandunderstandablenaturalresponse.2.Whatotherreactionscouldpeoplehavewhenfacingtheunknown?Somepeoplechoosetoovercometheirfearsandfacetheunknown.Thefight-or-flightresponse,alsoknownashyperarousaloracutestressresponse,isatotalbodyreactiontoaperceivedthreatorstressor.Thefight-or-flightresponseisasurvivalmechanism:Whenfacedwithalife-threateningsituation,thebodyswitchesonhighalert,readytorespond(fight)orescape(flight)physically.Thephysiologicalchangesthattakeplacealsoincreasethelikelihoodofsuccessfullymanagingthedanger;itiswhypeoplehavebeenknowntoliftcarstofreetrappedpassengersorthinkclearlyandquicklyunderpressure.Put the words and expressions in Activity 5 into the table.Add any more you can think of.AvoidingExploringOvercomingHesitatingmakingaquickgetawayrunningfortheirlivesfromsteerclearofretreatingtoshrinkfromcheckouttestthewatersofsetoutintodelveintotakingactionsubdueenduredthinktwicelookintoconsiderouroptionsRead the passage and answer the questions.1.Whatfunctionsofthebrainarementionedinthepassage?Thebrainfunctionsmentionedincludeitsbeingthecentreofthenervoussystemandcontrollingmostofthebodysactivities,includingvision,memory,speechandrhythm.2.Whatisthecurrentresearchsituationconcerningthebrain?3.Doyouknowanyotherinterestingfactsaboutthebrain?Sharethemwiththeclass.Thereisstillalongwaytogobeforewecancompletelyunderstandtheworkingsofthebrain.Openanswers.Thebrainisthehugefactoryofthought.Towardsitaredirectedalltheservicesofnatureandevolution.WellsaidbyLeonardoBianchi,Humanbrainisabletoexecutenumeroustasksnaturallyandisconsideredthemostmultifariousorganofthebody.Listen to the interview and choose the topic discussed.1.Methodstokeepthebrainhealthyandactive.2.Sleep-relatedmysteries.3.Waysofimprovingsleepquality.4.Methodsofinterpretingdreams.Listen again and complete the table.TheoriesDr Longs commentsThebrainneedstimeto(1)_.Recentstudiesprovethatourbrains(2)_duringsleep.Thebrain(3)_whenwereawake.Itneedssleepto(4)_.Thereisnt(5)_toconformthis.Itmightnotbe(6)_forsleep.restanddomaintenanceremainactivemakeslotsofpoisonouschemicalsremovethesechemicalsenoughdatathemostimportantreasonTheoriesDr Longs comments(7)_inthebrainwhilewereawake,andthebrainreflectsonthemand(8)_inourdreams.Alotofresearchhasbeenconducted,butwestillcantprovethat(9)_.NewconnectionsareformedbetweendifferentpartsusesthemtoformnewmemoriessleepisnecessarytothisfunctionOther unanswered questionslWhydowe“see”ourdreams?l(10)_Whydosomepeopledreamincolourandothersdont?Now use the information in the table to give a lecture to the class.Do further research if necessary.The Mysteries of DreamsOneofthemostfascinatingsleepmysteriesisdreams,sincethebeginningofthetimepeopleweremesmerizedwiththem,wrotedreambooksandtriedtoexplaintheirmeaning,buteventodayscientistscannotfullyunderstandwhywedream,andwhatishappeningwhilewearedreaming.Weallhavedreamsalmosteverynight,andthosevividscenessometimescanberelatedtothethingsthatweexperienced,orwewerethinkingaboutthem.Ontheotherhand,somedreamsarecompletelyirrational,confusing,andwecannotrelatethemtoanythingfromoureverydaylife.One possible versionBecausetheyaresohardtoexplain,theyareliabletosuperstitionsandmanyquestionableinterpretations.Dreambooksarepopulareventoday,andinthem,allsortsofdreamshavebeeninterpretedandattachedtosomemeaningoramessagesincepeopletendtobelievethatdreamsaretransferringsomesignalstous,orshowingusthewayweshouldgo.Scientificstudiesofdreamsarecalledoneirology,andthesestudiesaretryingtofindaconnectionbetweendreamsandbrainfunction.Around60yearsago,sleepresearcherEugeneAserinskywasperforminganovernightsleepstudyonhisson,andheaccidentallynoticedrapideyemovementsduringsleep.Thoseeyemovementswerethenconnectedtohigherbrainactivitywhichannulledthelongsupportedideathatthesleepisapassivecondition.Inanother,pioneeringpaperfrom1957,NathanielKleitmanandWilliamDementresearchedtheconnectionbetweendreamcontentandrapideyemovements.TheywokeuptheirparticipantsduringtheREMstageandaskedthemtodescribetheirdreams,andthentheytriedtoconnectthoseinterpretationstothekindofeyemovements(horizontal,verticalormixed).Theoneswhohaveverticaleyemovementsreportedscenessuchasclimbingaladderandstandingatthebottomofacliff.Theparticipantwithhorizontalmovementsdescribedasceneinwhichpeoplewerethrowingtomatoesoneachother,whilethosewithmixedeyemovementsweredreamingpeoplethatareclosetothem.Afterthispioneeringstudy,evidenceaboutthecorrelationbetweendreamsandREMhavenotbeenconsistent,butonerecentstudyfoundthatthepatientswithREMbehaviordisorderhavecoordinatedeyeandlimbmovementsduringthestageofREM.Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.Couldyoutellussomethingabout?ItsbecauseprovethatWhatotherreasonscouldtherebeforit?WouldyoutellusmoreaboutAsking for more informationExplainingCouldyoutellussomethingabout?ItsbecauseWhatotherreasonscouldtherebeforit?Wouldyoutellusmoreabout?provethatTalk about the investigations into another scientific mystery using the words and expressions in this section.Do further research if necessary.SurftheInternetaboutshipwreckslyingunderwaters,suchastheEsmeralda.Previewthenextpart:Developingideas.