Unit 6 Space and Beyond Grammar （ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、To summarise the usage of modal verbs and correctly use them in the context.a Millions watched that first lunar landing aware of the many things that could go wrong.b The world went into shock,most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplan

2、e.c I can remember that day so clearly,watching the take-off on TV at school,d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.1 Which sentence talks about ability?2 Which se

3、ntence talks about possibility?3 Which sentence talks about necessity?4 Which sentence talks about prediction?5 What other modals do you know?What do they indicate?Now look for more sentences with modals in the reading passage.a Millions watched that first lunar landing aware of the many things that

4、 could go wrong.b The world went into shock,most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.c I can remember that day so clearly,watching the take-off on TV at school,d The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must

5、continue to reach for the stars,c a d b 情态动词情态动词情态情态动词主要用来表明说话者的情感、态度和语气。动词主要用来表明说话者的情感、态度和语气。情态动词不能单独作谓语，需要和实义动词原形一情态动词不能单独作谓语，需要和实义动词原形一起构成谓语。起构成谓语。情态动词基本语法情态动词基本语法功能功能用法用法请求请求/许可许可可能可能/推测推测义务义务/职责职责意图意图/打算打算意愿意愿/愿意愿意意志意志/决心决心才能才能/能力能力can/could may/might shall/should will/would must ought to 1.can

6、和和could情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句can/could表示表示“能力能力”，can表示现在表示现在的能力，的能力，could表示过去的能表示过去的能力。力。Can you lift this heavy box?表示推测，通常用于否定句中。表示推测，通常用于否定句中。cant表示表示“不可能不可能”，用于，用于表示把握比较大的推测。表示把握比较大的推测。That cant be Mary,for she is in hospital.情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句can/could表示表示“请求请求”和和“许可许可”(could用来表示用来表示“请求请求”时，时，是委婉的说法，回答

7、时一般用是委婉的说法，回答时一般用can。)Could you please do me a favor?表示某人表示某人/某物一时的特征，某物一时的特征，意为意为“有时会，时而可能有时会，时而可能”。She can be very tactless sometimes.2.may与与might情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句may/mightmay和和might在肯定句中表示在肯定句中表示“允许允许”，在疑问句中表示，在疑问句中表示“请求请求”。might 表示请求时语气更委表示请求时语气更委婉。婉。might表示请求时，对其进行表示请求时，对其进行肯定回答用肯定回答用may/can，而不用

8、，而不用might。May I go fishing with you tomorrow?Yes,you may./No,you may not/mustnt.情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句may/might表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“可能，可能，或许或许”，通常不用于疑问通常不用于疑问句中。句中。She may be at home today.may用于祈使句中表示祝用于祈使句中表示祝愿。愿。May you be happy forever!情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句shall征求对方意见征求对方意见。用于主语。用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。句中。He

9、nry is waiting outside.Shall he come in,sir?表示说话者给出的表示说话者给出的命令、命令、警告、许诺或威胁警告、许诺或威胁等。用等。用于主语是第二或第三人称于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。的陈述句中。You shall be punished for what youve done.Tell Jerry he shall get a gift if he is nice.在条约、规定、法令等文在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示件中表示规定或义务规定或义务等。等。Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms

10、.4.shall,should与与ought to情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句should表示表示劝告、建议或命令劝告、建议或命令。You should learn to respect your elders.表示表示义务和道义上的责任义务和道义上的责任。You should help him because he is in trouble.表示期待，用于表达表示期待，用于表达合理合理的推断或明显的结果的推断或明显的结果，且，且所期待的事所期待的事几乎是事实几乎是事实。It is three oclock.The football match should begin soon.表示惊

11、讶、忧虑、惋惜等表示惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等情绪，意为情绪，意为“竟会，竟竟会，竟然然”。Its a pity that you should be so careless.Why should anyone want to marry Tony?情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句ought to“理应，应该理应，应该”，表示，表示一种义务或从道理或道一种义务或从道理或道义上来讲的一种责任，义上来讲的一种责任，可用可用should替换。替换。You ought to study hard.The sentence oughtnt to be used here.“应该，应是应该，应是”，表示，表示一种

12、推测，可用一种推测，可用should替换。替换。He is honest,so what he said ought to be true.4.will与与would情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句will/would表示请求，表示请求，would比比will语气委婉。语气委婉。Would you please let me have a look?表示习惯或倾向。表示习惯或倾向。will用用于表示一般的习惯，于表示一般的习惯，would用于描述过去的习用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动惯或例行的活动Jealousy will spoil friendship.He would come to h

13、elp us when he was free.5.must与与have to情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句must表示义务、必要性、命令等，表示义务、必要性、命令等，意为意为“必须，应该必须，应该”,更强调更强调主观态度。其否定形式为主观态度。其否定形式为mustnt,意为意为“不许不许,禁止禁止”。You must finish your homework this afternoon.You mustnt smoke here.表示表示推测推测，语气最为肯定，语气最为肯定，一般用于肯定句，意为一般用于肯定句，意为“一一定，准是定，准是”。She must be tired after

14、such a long walk.表示表示“偏偏，偏要偏偏，偏要”，表示，表示说话者对主语发出的动作是说话者对主语发出的动作是不满的，甚至是生气的。不满的，甚至是生气的。Must you make her cry?情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句have to表示客观需要，意为表示客观需要，意为“必须，不得不必须，不得不”，强强调客观上的必要性。调客观上的必要性。You have to be back before 10 oclock because the train leaves at 10:05.6.need与与dare情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句need表示必要性，常用于疑问表示必

15、要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，句和否定句中，neednt 表示表示“不必不必”；对对need引出的引出的一般疑问句一般疑问句作肯定回答时用作肯定回答时用must而不而不用用need，作否定回答时用，作否定回答时用neednt。This is a free service;you neednt pay for it.Need I hand in the application now?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.情态动词情态动词用法用法例句例句dare“敢，胆敢敢，胆敢”，作情态，作情态动词时后跟动词原形，动词时后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定主要用于疑问句、否定句

16、和条件句中。句和条件句中。How dare she do things like that to me?Dare you catch the mouse?No,I darent.dare的习惯用法的习惯用法:1.I dare say.也许也许，我想我想 e.g.It will rain this afternoon,I dare say.2.How dare+句子句子。“竟敢竟敢”表示对他人行为感到愤怒表示对他人行为感到愤怒 e.g.How dare you open my drawer without my permission!7.“情态动词情态动词+have done”结构结构“情态动词

17、情态动词+have done”既可表示对过去情况的推测既可表示对过去情况的推测,又可表又可表示某种情绪、态度示某种情绪、态度。情态动词不同。情态动词不同，该结构所表示的含义该结构所表示的含义也不同。也不同。must have done一定已经做一定已经做了了用于肯定句中用于肯定句中，表示对过去的表示对过去的肯定情况把肯定情况把握比较大的推测握比较大的推测could have done本本来来能做某事能做某事(而而实际上未做实际上未做)表示对过去未能实现的动作的表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情一种责备或惋惜之情,此时此时could不能用不能用 can替换替换可能已经做了某可能已经做了

18、某事事表示对过去情况的推测。表示对过去情况的推测。couldnt have done(过去过去)不可能做不可能做了某事了某事只能表推测只能表推测，相当于相当于 cant have donecannot/couldnt have done(过去过去)不可能做了不可能做了某事某事只能表推测只能表推测，相当于相当于 cant have donemay/might have done可能已经做了某事可能已经做了某事表示对过去情况的推测表示对过去情况的推测，might表示可能性更小表示可能性更小本可以做某事本可以做某事(而实而实际上没做际上没做)表示对过去某一未实现的表示对过去某一未实现的动作的责备或惋

19、惜之情动作的责备或惋惜之情should/ought to have done本该做某事本该做某事(而实而实际上未做际上未做)可用于肯定句和否定句可用于肯定句和否定句，表示表示责备或惋惜之情责备或惋惜之情shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做某事而本不该做某事而实际上做了实际上做了表示责备或惋惜之情表示责备或惋惜之情neednt have done本不必做某事本不必做某事(而而实际上做了实际上做了)e.g.Yesterday was the deadline,and he should have completed his work.Tom oughtnt to ha

20、ve told me your secret,but he meant no harm.You might have read about it in the newspaper.He might have given you help,even though he was very busy.Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You neednt have done it.I could manage it.表示推测时表示推测时，“情态动词情态动词+have done”和和“情态动词情态动词+do”的显著区别在于的显著区别在于：

21、前者表示过去的、有结果的事情前者表示过去的、有结果的事情，后者表示对现在或将后者表示对现在或将来的推测。来的推测。I.选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。1.Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left.I _(should have phoned,have phoned)him earlier.2.Since they arent answering their telephone,they _(can have left,must have left).3.You _(will,may)lea

22、d a horse to the water but you _(dare,can)not make it drink.should have phonedmust have left maycan 4.Mary _(couldnt have received,neednt have received)my email;otherwise she would have replied before now.5.You _(mustnt,neednt)do that if you dont want to.6.I dont believe him.He _(may not,cant)be ser

23、ious.7.If you dont like to swim,you _(may as well,may well)stay at home.couldnt have receivedneednt cantmay as well 8.They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.In fact,they _(neednt have gone,wouldnt have gone)at all.9.She was ill.She _(couldnt have attended,mustnt attend)the meeting here

24、.10.Carey didnt go to the party last night because she _(should look after,had to look after)the baby for her sister until 9:30.neednt have gonecouldnt have attendedhad to look afterOn 15 October 1997,the Cassini spacecraft set out on a mission to explore the planet Saturn.So great was the distance

25、from Earth that it would/shall need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.When it reached Saturn,it sent back amazing images of the planets famous rings viewed in ultraviolet light.Cassini made numerous trips around Saturn so it could/must collect data.Over the following years,Cass

26、ini took some 450,000 images of the planet and its moons.Finally,on 15 September 2017,Cassini was pointed towards Saturn so that it should/would meet a fiery end.II.Read the passage and choose the correct modals.Scientists had decided that Cassini could/must be destroyed this way,so it must/would no

27、t collide with any of Saturns moons.In its nearly 20-year mission,Cassini provided so much information that scientists could/would not process it all.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye,saying,“Farewell,dear Cassini!We shall/should never forget you!”III.Look at the pictur

28、e and tell a story using modals where appropriate.I couldnt believe it when I looked into the Martian skyI couldnt believe it when I looked into the Martian sky.Its scary but beautiful-Martian-red dirt dotted withunknown plants,chocolate-brown mountain ranges and asky that makes Martian sky look lik

29、e the glow of a flameWithout special glasses,I couldnt see much because thelight is too bright.Besides,it must be too hot in the dayand too cold in the evening so that I should wear a kind ofcoat to live a normal life there.Work in pairs.Take it in turns to draw a picture of space exploration and ask your partner to tell a story based on it.Use modals where appropriate.