Unit 3 Using language 主谓一致性（ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、在英语中，谓语受主语支配，必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。Subject-Verb Agreement.Subjects and verbs must AGREE with one another in number(singular or plural).Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.1 In which sentence does the word“enemy”refer to differ

2、ent members?Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb?2 In which sentence does the word“enemy”refer to a single unit?Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb?Do you know any other similar nouns?3 Is the word“people”usually followed by a singular verb or plural verb?Do you know any oth

3、er similar nouns?1 In sentence(b),the word“enemy”refers to different members.It is followed by a plural verb.2 In sentence(a),the word“enemy”refers to a single unit.It is followed by a singular verb.Other similar nouns are family,team,class,crowd,government,etc.3 The word“people”is usually followed

4、by a plural verb.Other similar nouns are police,cattle,etc.一.语法一致原则:即在语法形式上取得一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。1.单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。眼见为实。To see is to believe.他们何时能完成任务还未知。When they could finish the task is not known yet.2.由连接词and或both and连接Both his father and his mother _ advanced

5、workers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。The secretary and manager _ speaking at the meeting.那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。“each/every/no/many a +单数名词单数名词+and+each/every/no/many a +单数名词单数名词”作主语时作主语时每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。Every hour and every minute is precious.areisNobody but one teacher and three students _ in the lab.实验室只有一个老师和三个学生。is3.“名词

6、名词+as well as,rather than,like,but,expect,besides,with,together with,along with,including,in addition to+名词名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词同结构作主语时，谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。第一个名词的数保持一致。这本书缺了许多页。Many a page in this book _ missing.The majority of doctors believe smoking _ harmful to health.The majority of the damage _ easy to r

7、epair.He was one of the students who _ given a prize.I was the only one in my office who _ invited.isisiswerewas 由两部分组成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，如：glasses，spectacles，shoes，boots，trousers/pants，compasses，chopsticks，scissors，socks等，谓语动词通常用复数，但这类词如用a pair of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。My glasses _ broken while playing football

8、yesterday.昨天踢足球时我的眼镜被打碎了。A new pair of glasses _ bought yesterday for her by her friend.A pair of shoes _ lying under the bed.床底下有一双鞋。wereiswas二.意义一致原则 即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式所决定。1.有些名词如有些名词如people,cattle，police等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词只能等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。用复数。The police _ sent to the spot to keep order

9、immediately.Cattle _ allowed to graze in this area.2.英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式，这类名词常见的有的单复数形式，这类名词常见的有sheep，deer，fish，means，species，Chinese，Japanese，series等。等。Every possible means _ been used to prevent the air pollution.为了防止大气污染，每一种方法都试过了。werewerehas

10、3.有些集合名词，如有些集合名词，如public，family,enemy,audience，government，group，committee，team，media，staff，crew等作主语时，等作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据谓语动词的数要根据其包含的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式；但如果其包含的意义而定。如果该名词表示一个整体，其谓语动词用单数形式；但如果这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。这些集体名词表示集体中的若干个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。情绪高昂的球队比较可能获胜。A team which is full of enthusiasm

11、is more likely to win.队员们正在操场刻苦地训练。The team are practicing hard on the playground.4.“the+形容词或过去分词形容词或过去分词”最后，伤员们被村民们救起。The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。The wounded in the accident was a policeman.好看的并不总是有用的。The beautiful is not always useful.Politics is a complicated sub

12、ject.Twenty kilometers is a quite long distance.Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.A large number of people have applied for the job.The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly at present.Such is our plan.这就是我们的计划。Such are his words.这些就是他所说的话。physics,mathemati

13、cs,economics,politics等，以及用作书名、地名等，以及用作书名、地名、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式、国名、地区名的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，表示距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待的话，谓语动词通常用单数。如作为一个整体来看待的话，谓语动词通常用单数。such作主语时：要根据其所指的作主语时：要根据其所指的内容决定谓语动词的单复数形式内容决定谓语动词的单复数形式。三.就近一致原则即谓语动词的人称和数须与邻近的主语保持一致。There are two chai

14、rs and a desk in the office.There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.Either he or you are to blame for it.不是你而应是我应对这次的延误负责。Not you but I am responsible for the delay.不定代词作主语时的主谓一致1.either,each,little,much等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Each of the books is worth reading.2.both,few,many,several等作主语时,谓语动词

15、用复数形式。Both of the sisters are interested in medicine.3.all指可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;若指不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。All are present at the meeting today.All of the information is very important.Correct any mistakes in these sentences or put a in the square brackets if they are correct.are isuniforms is Complete t

16、he film review with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets.killsdecidesisarelove1.put down the uprising2.ways in which countries are governed3.bring him home4.at the beginning of5.an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes6.senseless waste of life7.a story of courage and sacrifice8.th

17、e message of the film1.镇压起义2.统治国家的方式3.带他回家4.在一开始5.一组长约30分钟的无与伦比的镜头6.无谓的浪费生命7.有关勇气和牺牲的故事8.电影的要旨The road to peace Among the many horrors inflicted on humanity by the Second World War was the massive bombing of civilians,often referred to as“terror bombing”.The purpose of doing this was to destroy the

18、morale of ordinary people and stop them from supporting the war effort.The Japanese used terror bombing in China,especially in Chongqing,which they bombed more than 200 times over the duration of five and a half years(1938-1943),killing thousands of Chinese civilians.Did You Know?1 Who is being inte

19、rviewed?2 What is the relationship between the two interviewees?3 What are they talking about?1 Gao Li and Gao Ming.2 Brother and sister.3 They are talking about the five-year terror bombing campaign by Japanese forces in Chongqing during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.Listen to t

20、he interview and answer the questions.1 eight/8 2 shook 3 fires in the distance 4 eleven/11 5 the bombing planes 6 to watch 7 scared 8 5 June 1941 9 the basement 10 five hours 11 people 12 our fighting spirit 13 around 960,000 of the citys 14“city of heroes”15 those we lost 16 cherish the peace we e

21、njoy today That must be terrible forI can only imagine how it must have felt.Im sorry to hear that.I feel sad forI rememberThe first thing I remember wasIll never forgetComplete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.Read the introduction to UN peacekeeping and answer the questions.Pay at

22、tention to the words and expressions in bold.1 What is the significance of UN peacekeeping missions?2 What role is China playing in UN peacekeeping?1 UN peacekeeping missions aim to give stability to conflict zones and allow governments to reestablish authority.2 China is playing an increasingly imp

23、ortant role in UN peacekeeping and it has trained 8,000 troops who are kept on standby for UN missions.Complete the fact file about UNs peacekeeping mission in Liberia with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity 8.1 civil wars 2 peacekeeping mission 3 peace process 4 conflict zone

24、s 5 peacekeeping forces 6 reestablished1.horrors inflicted on humanity by WWII2.the massive bombing of civilians3.be referred to as4.destroy the morale of ordinary people5.in the distance6.go to the front7.air raid warning 8.remind us to cherish the peace1.二战对人类带来的恐惧2.大规模轰炸平民3.被称作.4.摧毁了普通人的士气5.在远处6.

25、去往前线7.防空警报8.提醒我们要珍惜和平1.monitor the peace process2.experience friction and civil wars3.keep to their agreements4.disarm combatants 5.give stability to conflict zone6.stabilize the situation7.reestablish authority8.play an increasingly important role in 9.keep on standby10.receive praise for their professionalism11.flee their homes1.密切关注和平进程2.经历摩擦冲突和内战3.遵守他们的契约4.解除战斗人员武装5.稳定冲突地区6.稳定局面形式7.重建权威8.起到日益重要的作用9.保持待命10.因他们的专业性受到称赞11.逃离家园