Unit 4 Everyday Economics Grammar（ppt课件）-2023新外研版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、Review:attributive clausesTo go over the function and usage of attributive clauses.To understand the situation to use the attributive clause and use attributive clauses to express ideas.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.a This is a place where roses grow wild.b

2、The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me,which was totally outside my experience.1 What does“where”refer to in sentence(a)?This is a place where roses grow wild.Roses grow wild in the place.2 What does“which”refer to in sentence(b)?The biggest challenge at the

3、 initial phase was to persuade people to work for me,which was totally outside my experience.3 Which sentence contains a clause with essential information about the subject?a This is a place where roses grow wild.4 Which sentence contains a clause with extra information about the subject?b The bigge

4、st challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me,which was totally outside my experience.定语从句是表达中必不可少的句型。定语从句是表达中必不可少的句型。根据主从句的关系，定语从句可以分为根据主从句的关系，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。根根据引导词的类别，定语从句可以分为据引导词的类别，定语从句可以分为关系代词类和关系关系代词类和关系副词类副词类。定语从句定语从句As someone who grew up i

5、n the country,Zhang already knew about growing plants.However,like any entrepreneur who was just starting out,she still had a lot to learn.Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence,Zhang has mixed feelings.先先行词行词someone先先行词行词entrepreneur先先行词行词peersNow look for more sentences with a

6、ttributive clauses in the reading passage.You should know your own limits and those of the people you work with.For young people who have little life experience,that can be a challenge.先先行词行词people。people在定语从句中做介在定语从句中做介词词with宾语，引导词省宾语，引导词省略。略。先先行词行词peoplewho?whom?whose?who/whom 先先行词是人。当先行词在定语从句中做宾语

7、时，行词是人。当先行词在定语从句中做宾语时，引导词省略。引导词省略。whose 先先行词既可以是人也可以是物。行词既可以是人也可以是物。whose在定语从句中在定语从句中做定做定语，表所属关系。语，表所属关系。eg He is the man who always comes first.He is the man(whom)I find come in first.He is the man whose son always comes first.which?that?where?成成分分which/that 关关系代词，在从句中充当主系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语语或表语。或表语。

8、where 关关系副词，在从句中充当地点状系副词，在从句中充当地点状语。语。The place where this happens is a valley,a world away from any television.eg The place which/that lies in a valley,is a world away from any television.主主语语谓谓语动词语动词happen的的地点状语地点状语Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses,which surprised m

9、any people.As people say,“It takes a village to raise a child.”which引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，which替代整个主句替代整个主句as引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，as替代整个主句替代整个主句【注意】关系代词【注意】关系代词that与与which指物时常可互换，以下情况用指物时常可互换，以下情况用that：1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none等不等不定代词或先行词被定代词或先行词被only,few,little,no,

10、all,every,very等词修饰时。等词修饰时。eg Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?I have read all the books that you gave me last month.2.当先行词同时包括人和物时。当先行词同时包括人和物时。eg The writer and his novel that the teacher has just talked about are unknown to most students.3.当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。当先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰

11、时。eg The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.David is one of the most creative boys that I have ever known.as?which?which 可引可引导非限制性定语从句，导非限制性定语从句，which替代前面整个主句替代前面整个主句内容，而且从句必须放在主句后。内容，而且从句必须放在主句后。as引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，as替代前面整个主句内容，从替代前面整个主句内容，从句既可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。句既可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后。as：正如

12、。：正如。eg The boy is polite,which makes everyone happy.As you can see,the boy is polite.Good Deal is a local movement in some countries.It works to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce.Good Deal is a local movement in some countries(,)which works to

13、help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce.Read the passage and rewrite the underlined sentences using attributive clauses.The movement has proven popular among young people,and they want to help producers get the payment they deserve.The movement has pr

14、oven popular among young people who want to help producers get the payment they deserve.However,some people are less optimistic,and argue that it discriminates against producers not part of the Good Deal movement.However,some people who are less optimistic argue that it discriminates against produce

15、rs who are not part of the Good Deal movement.v.歧视歧视Price:$25 per kgOrigin:grown on the Green Equator EstateSpecial features:100%organic superior,smooth blend,with mild flavor less than one calorie per cupGood Deal guarantee:one-third of the sale price returned to local producersRead the profile and

16、 write an introduction to a Good Deal product using attributive clauses where appropriate.n.赤道赤道n.庄园庄园adj.优质的优质的;更强的更强的adj.柔和的柔和的;平和平和的的n.卡路里卡路里Green Equator Coffee is a Good Deal product,which sells at the price of$25 per kg.It is grown on the Green Equator Estate,whose coffee is 100%organic.It is

17、a superior,smooth blend with a mild flavor,which has less than one calorie per cup.The product is sold under the Good Deal guarantee,which promises that one-third of the sale price will be returned to local producers.【注意注意】1.that引导的定语从句与它引导的名词性从句在表引导的定语从句与它引导的名词性从句在表意和意和功能上的区别功能上的区别。eg I showed him

18、the nice car that I rented yesterday.我向我向他展示了我昨天租的那辆不错的车他展示了我昨天租的那辆不错的车。Its said that he rented a nice car yesterday.据据说说他昨他昨天租了一辆不错的天租了一辆不错的车。车。2.when,where,why引导的定语从句与它们引导的引导的定语从句与它们引导的状语状语从句、名从句、名词性从句在表意和功能上的区别词性从句在表意和功能上的区别。eg I visited Mr and Mrs smith in New York in 2014 when their first child

19、 was born.我我在在2014年拜年拜访了访了住在纽约的住在纽约的Smth夫夫妇妇,那年他们的第一个孩那年他们的第一个孩子出子出生了生了。I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York when their first child was born.在在Smth夫妇第一个孩子出夫妇第一个孩子出生那生那年年,我在纽约拜访了他们我在纽约拜访了他们。I visited Mr and Mrs Smith in New York.It was when their first child was born.我我拜访了住在纽约拜访了住在纽约的的Smith夫妇。那夫妇。那

20、年他们的第一个孩子出生了年他们的第一个孩子出生了。3.定定语从句与非谓语动词结构在表意和功能上的异语从句与非谓语动词结构在表意和功能上的异同以同以及两及两者之间的转者之间的转换换。eg In the museum I saw an old book that was published In the 17th century.=In the museum I saw an old book published in the 17th century.我我在博物馆里看见了一本在博物馆里看见了一本17世纪世纪出版出版的旧书。的旧书。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区

21、别区别一、形式不同一、形式不同 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，通常不用逗号隔开限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，通常不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔开。二、作用不同二、作用不同 限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰限制，去掉会造成句意限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰限制，去掉会造成句意不完整；非限制性定语从句对先行词没有限制词义的作用，补不完整；非限制性定语从句对先行词没有限制词义的作用，补充、解释说明或对主句所表达的意义进行评述，去掉不会影响充、解释说明或对主句所表达的意义进行评述，去掉不会影响句意的完整。句意的完整。eg

22、 Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.The driver,who was very young,had only just got his license.三、先行词不同三、先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词；非词；非限制性限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词,也可以是主句的一也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句部分或整个主句。eg Things then improved,which surprised me

23、.四四、关系词不同、关系词不同 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句可由可由that,why引引导；非导；非限制性定语从句通限制性定语从句通常不用它们引导；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省常不用它们引导；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略略，在，在非限制性定语从句中通常不能省略非限制性定语从句中通常不能省略。eg There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.There were very few passengers,who had escaped without serious in

24、jury.Have you found the book(that/which)you want?Write an introduction to something you have bought recently using attributive clauses where appropriate.the objectshapecolorplace of originfunctionpriceplace to buy itwho usually use it定义定义用作定语的从句用作定语的从句类型类型限制性限制性定语从句定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是描述主句所涉及的人或物的

25、具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。义不完整或失去意义。非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，补对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系词关系代词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等等关系副词关系副词 when,where,why等等定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词that指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语which指物指物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语who指

26、人指人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语whose指人和物指人和物在从句中作定语在从句中作定语as指物指物在从句中作主语在从句中作主语引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系关系副词副词when指时间指时间在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语where指地点指地点在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语why指原因指原因在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语1.In my opinion,where in trouble,we should seek help from those we trust most.(2021 全国甲全国甲)2.When yo

27、u sleep,your brain sorts through everything _ happened during the day(2021 北京北京)3.The poor woman wasnt able to give him any information about _ she lived.(2021 北北京京)whenthatwhere4.China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Ea

28、rth.(2020新新课标全国课标全国I)5.In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.(2020新新课标全国课标全国III)wherewhose 6.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759.(2020全全国新高考国新高考I)which/that 7.Many lessons are now av

29、ailable online,from _ students can choose for free.(2020江苏江苏)A.Whose B.which C.when D.whom8.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.(2019江苏江苏)A.which B.what C.when D.that9.Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences.(2019天津天津)A.w

30、hy B.where C.which D.what用合适的关系词补全下面短文。用合适的关系词补全下面短文。In and around Bradstone,many factories unexpectedly closed down,1._ resulted in a sharp rise in local unemployment.But news that on a site of an old factory 2._ the construction of a new high-technology center will begin shortly made people happy.

31、Network UK,the company responsible,made the announcement.whichwhereThey said they would soon start to advertise for 200 new staff 3._ were suitably qualified for the new jobs available.The management said it was also their intention to offer fifty job-training positions for young people 4._ have rec

32、ently left school.They want to build up a dynamic,well-trained and enthusiastic team,making Bradstone a happy and wealthy town once again.who/thatwho/that从括号内选择合适的关系词完成下列句子。从括号内选择合适的关系词完成下列句子。1.By 16:30,_(which,when)was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings had been sold.2.I wish to thank Pro

33、fessor Smith,without _(whom,whose)help I would never have got this far.3.A bank is the place _(where,that)they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.4.At the height of Chinas COVID-19 outbreak,in February alone,Taobao was the platform _(who,which)saw the lar

34、gest number of live-streaming sales.whichwhosewherewhich5.Tamdrin,_(which,whose)name in Chinese is Ding Zhen,took the Internet by storm after a photographer posted a video of him on TikTok,a short video platform.6.Li Jiaqi is a social-media salesman _(who,which)once sold 15,000 lipstick tubes in jus

35、t five minutes through live-streaming.whosewho用适当关系词将两个句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。用适当关系词将两个句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。1.The children dont like the books.I borrowed them from the library yesterday.The children dont like the books(that/which)I borrowed from the library yesterday.2.The boys were in danger.The firemen have s

36、aved them.The firemen have saved the boys who/that were in danger.3.This is the nurse.I have mentioned her just now.This is the nurse(whom/who/that)I have mentioned just now.4.Whats the name of the boy?His works have been published in the famous magazine.Whats the name of the boy whose works have been published in the famous magazine?5.Lily was not on the train.The train arrived just now.Lily was not on the train that/which arrived just now.Make up sentences with attributive clauses to express your idea of using money in your daily life.