Unit 4 Reading Language pionts （ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第二册.pptx

1、Language pointsImagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you.How cool that would be!It may seem like building castles in the air,but given the rate at which artificial intelligence,or AI,is being developed,in the futu

2、re such dreams may actually come true.1)I had no option but _(ask)him to leave.2)Students have the option _(study)abroad in their second year.3)Some courses are compulsory while others are _(option).4)Our schools provide a wide variety of optional classes _ (cater)to students of different levels.to

3、askto studyoptionalto caterhave the option to do sth.have no option but to do sth.option n.-optional adj.It may seem like building castles in the air翻译：_看起来似乎在建空中楼阁。看起来似乎在建空中楼阁。1)You have to finish the work within the _(give)time.2)Usually,I am sensible with money,as I have to be,given _ I dont earn

4、 that much.3)_(give)the uncertainty over Leighs future I was left with little other choice.4)_(suppose)that we miss the train,what shall we do？5)_(concern)the situation you are facing,I would like to offer some suggestions.giventhatGivenSupposingConcerning考虑到，鉴于（考虑到，鉴于（prep.）given/considering常见的常见的V

5、-ing形式做形式做 prep.including/concerning/supposing/provided/providing given that用作连词，意为用作连词，意为“考虑到考虑到”given adj.已经安排好的；指定的已经安排好的；指定的the rate at which artificial intelligenceat+which引导定语从句修饰引导定语从句修饰the rateat the rate短语搭配短语搭配At the basic level,artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that

6、aims to create intelligent machines.One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience,adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.To achieve this aim,many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward,including“deep learning”,

7、which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions.Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers,imitating the complex networks of the human brain.1)Im perfectly capable _ doing it myself.2)Mary h

8、as the _(capable)of becoming an excellent teacher.ofcapability1)My father likes the chair very much because it is _.(adjust)2).Usually,people often go through four distinct phrases:the honeymoon phase,the negotiation phase,the _(adjust)phase and the mastery phase.3)He will have to make some adjustme

9、nts _ his thinking.adjust(oneself)to(doing)sth.适应（做）某事适应（做）某事 adjustable adj.adjustment n.adjustableadjustmentto1)In his capacity_ captain,hes got the right to tell us what to do.2)This maths problem is _ the capacity of most school children.3)She has an enormous capacity _ challenging work.4)Limite

10、d resources are restricting our capacity _ (develop)new products.asbeyondforto develop n.容量；容纳能力容量；容纳能力 n.领悟能力领悟能力 n.职位；职责职位；职责 capacity for sth/doing sth/to do sth 做某事的能力做某事的能力 in ones capacity as sth 作为作为.;以以.资格、身份或职位资格、身份或职位 beyond ones capacity 超出某人的能力范围超出某人的能力范围1)A remarkable work should be enj

11、oyed together and doubts _(analyse)in company.2)The blood will be sent to laboratory for _(analyse).analysedanalysis analyse/analyze vt.analysis n.1)If we are to succeed,we must rely on the _(mass).2)Club members can get a _(mass)discount of 50%.3)He died six weeks later _a massive heart attack.adj.

12、very large,heavy and solid 巨大的；结实的巨大的；结实的 adj.extremely serious 非常严重的非常严重的 mass-massive-massively the masses 群众群众 a mass of/masses of.许多许多.massesmassiveofThe dream of AI has been around for centuries,and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality.Years before the term

13、“artificial intelligence”was coined in the mid-1950s,the theory had been explored by Alan Turing,one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.However,for a long time,AI technology developed very slowly.A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997,when Deep Blue,a chess-playing computer,beat the w

14、orld chess champion Garry Kasparov.Then in 2017,a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie,arguably the best human Go player,which demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning AI systems.v.If you coin a word or a phrase,you are the first person to say it.创造（新词语）创造（新词语）Every coin has two

15、 sides.万物都有两面性。万物都有两面性。On the other side of the coin.另一方面另一方面 to coin a phrase 套用一句老话；用老话来说套用一句老话；用老话来说1)It is _(argue)that the majority of university students fall into this category.2)We had an _(argue)with the waiter about the bill.3)He is _(argue)the best actor of his generation.arguable adj.可论证

16、的；有论据的可论证的；有论据的 可疑的；无把握的可疑的；无把握的 argue-argument-arguable-arguablyarguableargumentarguably1)His sudden departure had demonstrated how unreliable he was.1)The salesman demonstrated the new personal computer.2)The young students are demonstrating against the new police.证明，论证证明，论证示范，展示示范，展示示威（游行）示威（游行）N

17、owadays,AI is already being applied in many fields:finance,health care,machine translation and art,to name but a few.Fromautonomous vehicles to domestic robots,from recommendationsystems to computers writing novels,AI has an unlimited numberof applications.Ordinary people are now using AI to get ins

18、tanttranslations of text in foreign languages,and machines canrecognize fingerprints and even faces.to name but a few 不一而足，仅举几例不一而足，仅举几例1)We are supposed _(make)a plan for sharing domestic plans.2)This is one of the best domestic _(appliance)I have used.3)I am proud that our school is _(domestic)and

19、 internationally famous.adj.本国的；国内的本国的；国内的 adj.家用的；家庭的；家务的家用的；家庭的；家务的 adj.喜爱家庭生活的喜爱家庭生活的 domestic-domesticallyappliancesto makedomesticallyIn short,this technology is transforming the way we live.It is clear that we are at a turning point in history.With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking

20、 and learning from their mistakes,we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines.The question is,where will all this lead?While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage,these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and

21、 fears.Could machines really develop human-like intelligence?And what would happen if they did?Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans?How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans?As we become more and more dependent on compute

22、rs,some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.Stephen Hawking,for example,warned,“The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.”翻译：_很明显，我们正处于历史的转折点。很明显，我们正处于历史的转折点。.It is clear that we are at a turning point in histor

23、y.1)The question is,where will all this lead?2)While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage,特殊疑问句的疑问词特殊疑问句的疑问词where引导定语从句引导定语从句1)He was threatened _ dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work.2)The hijackers threatened _(kill)one p

24、assenger every hour if their demands were not metwithto kill threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事威胁要做某事 threaten sb.with用用威胁某人威胁某人 threaten that 威胁威胁 threaten vt.-threat n.make threats against sb.对某人进行威胁对某人进行威胁1)Most crimes _(commit)by young men.2)The President is committed _(reform)health care.3)Borrowers sho

25、uld think carefully before committing _ to taking out a loan.4)They are _(commit)socialists.are committedto reformingthemselvescommitted v.做出做出/犯（罪或错等）犯（罪或错等）v.承诺，保证承诺，保证 忠于（某人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）忠于（某人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）commit murder/suicide 谋杀谋杀/自杀自杀 commit sb/yourself(to sth/to doing sth)承诺，保证承诺，

26、保证 be committed to sb/(doing)sth 忠于；投入忠于；投入 commit-committed-commitment1)The winter vacation is approaching and I have an urge _(travel).2)The report urged that all children _(teach)to swim.3)She could hear him _(urge)her on as she ran past.4)There is an _(urge)need for food and water.to travel(shou

27、ld)be taughturgingurgent v.敦促，力劝敦促，力劝 n.冲动冲动 urge sb to do sth 催促催促/力劝某人做某事力劝某人做某事 have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动有做某事的冲动 urge sb on为某人加油；激励某人为某人加油；激励某人 urge+that从句从句（从句谓语用从句谓语用should do,should可省略可省略）urge-urgent-urgency1)Global warming has posed a threat _ the survival of animals such as polar bears.

28、2)The students posed _ a group photograph.3)The thief entered the building _(pose)as a deliveryman.toforposing v.造成（问题或危险）造成（问题或危险）v.提出（问题）提出（问题）v.假扮假扮 n.姿势姿势 pose a threat to sb/sth 给给.造成威胁造成威胁 pose as sb 假扮某人假扮某人 pose for sb/sth 为为.摆好姿势摆好姿势 Drug experts say it could spell the end of the crack epid

29、emic.A spell of poor health took the edge off her performance.For many years sundials(日晷日晷)have cast their spell over scientists and mathematicians.How many times do I have to spell it out?Jacqueline is not relishing the prospect of another spell in prison结束结束一段时间一段时间吸引吸引清楚地说明清楚地说明一阵子一阵子Apparently,s

30、uch warnings demand our attention.We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI.We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for usbut perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for!v.to be injured,da

31、maged or killed by sth 成为成为.的牺牲品的牺牲品/受害者受害者人工智能：是敌是友人工智能：是敌是友?想象一下，某天早上你醒来，可以选择继续躺在床上，按下一个按钮，就能想象一下，某天早上你醒来，可以选择继续躺在床上，按下一个按钮，就能召来一台机器人为你处理所有的工作。那该有多酷啊！这听起来可能像是在召来一台机器人为你处理所有的工作。那该有多酷啊！这听起来可能像是在建空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能建空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能(AI)(AI)目前的发展速度，这样的梦想在将来也许目前的发展速度，这样的梦想在将来也许真的可以实现。从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支学真的可以实

32、现。从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支学科，其目标是研发智能机器。科，其目标是研发智能机器。AIAI的基本目标之一，是开发能够学习过往经验、的基本目标之一，是开发能够学习过往经验、适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。为了实现这适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的AIAI的方法，其中包括的方法，其中包括“深度学习深度学习”这种方法可以让机器通过学习自己先前的行为结果，来提升自身性能。深度这种方法可以让机器通过学习自己先前的行为结果，来提升自身性能。深度学习学习AIAI拥有

33、从多个层次分析海量信息的能力，它模拟的是人脑的复杂网络结拥有从多个层次分析海量信息的能力，它模拟的是人脑的复杂网络结构。构。译文译文AIAI的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，而的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，而2020世纪世纪4040年代以来计算机的发展，终于让年代以来计算机的发展，终于让这个梦想成为现实。这个梦想成为现实。“人工智能人工智能”这个术语是在这个术语是在2020世纪世纪5050年代中期被创造出年代中期被创造出来的，而在好几年前，这一理论就被计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦来的，而在好几年前，这一理论就被计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦图灵图灵探索过。然而在很长一段时间里，探索过。然而在很长一段时间里，

34、AIAI技术发展得相当缓慢。技术发展得相当缓慢。19971997年，年，AIAI发展发展有了一个重大突破，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世有了一个重大突破，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里界冠军加里卡斯帕罗夫。之后在卡斯帕罗夫。之后在20172017年，一个叫阿尔法围棋的计算机程序年，一个叫阿尔法围棋的计算机程序下赢了可谓人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这说明了深度学习下赢了可谓人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这说明了深度学习AIAI系统的一大显著系统的一大显著进展。如今，进展。如今，AIAI已经应用于许多领域，如金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和已经应用于许多领域，如金融、

35、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等，不一而足。从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说艺术等，不一而足。从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑，的电脑，AIAI有着不计其数的应用。普通人现在能够使用有着不计其数的应用。普通人现在能够使用AIAI获取外语文本的即获取外语文本的即时翻译，机器也已经能够识别人们的指纹甚至面容。时翻译，机器也已经能够识别人们的指纹甚至面容。简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。显然，我们正处于历史的转简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。显然，我们正处于历史的转折点。有了阿尔法围棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在折点。有了阿尔法围

36、棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。问题在于，这一切将会导致什么向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。问题在于，这一切将会导致什么?AI?AI的热烈支的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利；但这些持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利；但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。机器真的能够发展出像人类一样的智毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。机器真的能够发展出像人类一样的智能吗能吗?如果真的可以，又会发生什么如果真的可以，又会发生什么?能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁人类的

37、生存还是会威胁人类的生存?如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚?随随着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，一些科学家正敦促我们思考着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，一些科学家正敦促我们思考AIAI的进步所带来的进步所带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬的危险。例如，斯蒂芬霍金就曾警告说：霍金就曾警告说：“完全人工智能的发展可能意味完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。着人类的终结。”显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。我们需要确显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。我们需要确保自己不会沦为保自己不会沦为AIAI的受害者。我们可能还是会认为，可以整天放松，让自动的受害者。我们可能还是会认为，可以整天放松，让自动化机器为我们完成所有工作，这样的生活很美妙化机器为我们完成所有工作，这样的生活很美妙但也许我们不该太过贪但也许我们不该太过贪婪，而应对我们的期待保持谨慎！婪，而应对我们的期待保持谨慎！