Unit 2 单词（ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、1.react v.（作出）反应；起化学反应；(对食物等）不良反应，过敏；reactreact against 对对有反抗作用有反抗作用reactreact on 对对产产生影响，使生影响，使.发生变化发生变化 r react to eact to 对对有反应有反应(主观上的或情感上的反应）主观上的或情感上的反应），对对过敏过敏reactreact with 和和发生化学反应发生化学反应react by doing sthreact by doing sth通过做某事来回应通过做某事来回应E.g.How do acids react_metals?E.g.Many people react b

2、adly _ penicillin.【词性变化】n.reactionwithto2.gentle adj.温和的【反：rough adj.粗野的；猛烈的】be gentle with sb对很温柔【拓】gentleness u.n.和蔼；温柔 gently adv.3.encode v.把译成密码（或电码）；给（计算机程序）编码decode vt.破译，译解（密码信息）【词性变化】code n.密码，暗码；道德准则，行为规范；法典，法规4.mail n.邮政，邮递系统；邮件，信件v.邮寄；用电子邮件发送contact sb by mail通过邮件联系某人mail sb sth/mail sth

3、 to sb将某物寄给某人E.g.All of our customers will be contacted by petent adj.足以胜任的；有能力的；称职的be competent to do sth.有能力做某事，足以胜任.be competent for/in sth 胜任E.g.All we want is someone competent _ the staff.e.g.He is very competent_his work.【拓】competently adv.胜任地；适合地 incompetent adj.无能力的；不胜任的 competence n.能力；胜任

4、professional competence 专业能力6.obtain v.获得；得到 obtain permission to do sth 获得许可做某事【词性变化】adj.obtainableE.g.That drug is now obtainable without a prescription（处方）.to managein7.suit/sut/vt.满足需要；相配，合身 n.套装，西装，西服suit sth to sth/sb 使适合（或适应）某事物（或人）follow suit 跟着做；学样变形：suitable adj.适宜的，合适的 be suitable for sb;

5、某物适合某人 be suitable to do sth适合做某事【区分】suit.fit.match【区分】suit作动词时，主要指“款式颜色”等相配合身；fit表示“大小尺寸”合身fit 多指大小、形状等合适，引申为“一致”“吻合”Her coat fits exactly（合身）.match 多指大小、色调、形状、性质等相匹配、协调Do you think these two colours match（相配）?suit指服装款式、颜色或花样等适合，也可指合乎需要、品味、性格、条件、身份Very spicy food doesnt suit my stomach（不合胃口）.8.nego

6、tiate v.1)谈判，协商negotiate with sb.about/for sth.就某事和某人进行谈判协商Ill negotiate with them about/for the issue.【拓】negotiation n.协商under negotiation 在协商中negotiator n.协商者，谈判代表 negotiable adj.可以商讨解决的9.enterprise n.1)c.n.公司，企业a state-owned enterprise 国有企业13.clarify v.阐明clarify ones position/attitude 阐明立场/表明态度e.

7、g.The exact cause of host mortality,however,remains_(clarify).【词性变化】n.clarification 澄清，阐明；净化14.knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的be knowledgeable about了解,知道词性变化】n.knowledge ones knowledge of某人对的了解 common knowledge常识v.acknowledge 承认，接受 It is acknowledged that众所周知(to be clarified)11.12.fold/fld/vt.折叠，对折；包，裹 n.褶，

8、褶层，折叠部分fold sbs arms 交叉双臂 fold sb.in ones arms 拥抱/搂住某人 fold A in B=fold B around/over A 用B包着Afold up 折叠，对折；倒闭，歇业 The new restaurant folded up in less than a year.变形：unfold v 展开，打开；呈现 foldable adj.可折叠的12.friction/frkn/n.争执；摩擦；摩擦力friction between A and B A与B之间的争执/摩擦 变形：frictional adj.力 摩擦的；由摩擦而生的 fric

9、tionless adj.无摩擦的；光滑的15.empathy n.共鸣，同情；感同身受，产生共鸣（的能力）have empathy with sb与某人共情，感同身受show empathy for对同情E.g.Some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost peoples empathy for others.最早的一些研究表明阅读文学作品可以增强人们对他人的同情心。【词性变化】adj.empathetic有同情心的，同感的【词性变化】v.empathize有同感，起共鸣empathize wit

10、h sb与某人共情，感同身受E.g.Its very easy to empathize with the characters in her books.The key is rather the authors striking ability_(empathy).to empathize sympathy n.同情，理解，赞同 feel/show/express ones sympathy for对表达同情 E.g.I dont have much sympathy for her-I think shes brought her troubles on herself.我不是很同情她，

11、因为我觉得是她自找的麻烦。in sympathy with.对表示支持，同情 out of sympathy with sb./sth.不赞成/不支持某人/某物【词性变化】sympathetic同情的，表示同情的；赞同的，支持的19.account for sth 是的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占1)（数量、比例上）占Body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression.2)是.的原因；解释(=explain)Can you account for your behavior on that night?take.in

12、to account/consideration=take account of 考虑到，顾及on account of 因为，由于 on no account 决不(位于句首时，句子要用倒装)20.approve/pruv/vi.&vt.赞成；批准，通过（计划、要求等）.approve of sb/sth、approve of sb/sbs doing sth；同意某人做某事approve of赞成，赞同 disapprove ofE.g.I wish my mother approved of my friends.我希望妈妈能认可我的朋友。批准approve sth=give appro

13、val to sthE.g.We had to wait months for the council to approve our plans to extend the house.我们不得不等待数月，等待委员会批准我们扩建房屋。【拓】approving adj.赞成的【反 disapproving】approval n.赞成，同意【反 disapproval】He nodded in approval（赞同）.The government gave approval to（批准）the project.I hope my suggestions will meet/win/obtain

14、with your approval（得到认可）.19.gain 1.v.获得，赢得；受益；增加，增长；（经过努力）到达gain access to sth获准进入，可以取得gain ground 变得更受欢迎；取得进展；得到肯定n.增加；好处，；收益；a gain in sth某个方面的增加weight gain/weight loss增重/减重Youve got nothing to lose and everything_(gain).()to gain20.gesture.n.手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vi.&vt.做手势，用手势表示用手势示意某人干某事21.precisely adv.

15、准确地，恰好地；细心地；正是，确实precisely speaking 确切地说=to be precise/exactprecise adj.精确准确的；恰好确切的；（人）严谨，一丝不苟的 preciseness n.严谨；精确；古板Thats precisely what I meant.那恰恰是我的意思。23.preference n.偏爱，偏好；更喜欢的人（或物）；优待，优先（权）ones preference for sth对对的偏好的偏好have a preference for sth（rather than/over）更偏向，更青睐give preference to优待，让优

16、先in preference to 优先于.E.g.Choosing furniture is largely a matter of personal preference.选家具很大程度上是个人喜好问题。E.g.I have a preference for sweet food over spicy.我更喜欢甜食，而不是辣的。E.g.The city gives preference to job applicants who live there.该市优先考虑居住在本地的求职者。E.g.He studied chemistry in preference to physics at u

17、niversity.他在大学里优先学习化学，而不是物理学。【词性变化】V.prefer 更喜欢，宁可prefer-preferred-preferring;prefer to do/doing sth 更喜欢（做）某事 E.g.Id prefer not to discuss this issue.我宁可别讨论这件事了。prefer sb/sth to sth 更喜欢某人/某事（做）某事，宁可做 某事 E.g.Id prefer you not to smoke.我希望你别再抽烟了。E.g.Would you prefer to leave?你想走吗？prefer(doing)A to(doi

18、ng)B 比起（做）B更喜欢（做）A E.g.He prefers watching football to playing it.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿干某事而不愿干某事【词性变化】preferable adj.更可取的，更合适的 preferably adv.更 可取地 preferred adj.首选的，有优先权的。【补充】prefer-preferred-preference;refer-referred-reference;infer-inferred-inference;occur-occurred-occurrence24.j

19、am/dm/n.果酱u；拥挤，堵塞c be stuck in a traffic jam遇到堵车 be in a jam陷入困境30.embarrassed/mbrst/adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 变形变形：embarrass vt 使尴尬/困窘 embarrassment n.尴尬/困窘 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的/难堪的be embarrassed about/at sth/to do sth（尤指在社交场合）窘迫的，尴尬的，害羞的financially embarrassed 拮据的；经济困难的to ones embarrassment 让某人困窘的是intenti

20、onintention n.意图，目的，打算thethe intentionintention toto dodo sthsth/ofof doing做某事的意图，打做某事的意图，打算算E.g.He has announced his intention to retire.他已经宣布他打算退休。【词性变化】v.v.intend intendintendintend toto dodo sth打算做某事打算做某事E.g.We intend to go to Australia next year.【词性变化】a adjdj.intentional intentional 故意的，蓄意的E.g.

21、Did you leave his name out by accident or was it intentional?【词性变化】a adv.intentionallydv.intentionally32.correspond/krspnd/vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信1）相符，符合 correspond to/withThe witnesss account corresponded closely to the policemans observations.2)相当于，等于 correspond toRed lines on the map correspond to major

22、 roads.3)通信 correspond with sb.变形：corresponding adj.相应的，相关的 correspondence n.信件，信函；通信；相似，关联 correspondent n.记者，通讯员；通信者，写信人30.behave v.表现得体，有礼貌；表现变形变形：behavio(u)r n.行为；misbehave v.行为不端，举止不当；misbehavior n.无礼，不规矩31.tolerate v.容忍；忍受(=put up with/stand/bear)tolerate（ones）doing忍受（某人）做某事have no tolerance f

23、or（doing）sth不能容忍（做）某事【拓】tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的(反:intolerant)tolerance u.n.宽容(反:intolerance)34.handwriting u.n.笔迹；书法handwriting on the wall不祥之兆;显而易见的危险;之兆;灾祸将临的预兆【拓】handwritten adj.手写的35.fluent adj.流利的；流畅的be fluent in说很流利【拓】fluently adv.流利地；流畅地fluency u.n.流利；流畅He speaks English with great fluency.36.co

24、operate v.合作；协作cooperate(with sb)on/in sth与某人就某事合作cooperate in doing sth/to do sth合作做某事E.g.They have agreed to cooperate in distributing products and _(provide)support services.他们已经同意在分销产品和提供支持服务方面进行合作。【词性变化】n.cooperation 合作，协作；协助，配合cooperation with sb in sth和某人在某事上的合作cooperation between A and B AB之

25、间的合作词性变化】adj.cooperative 合作的，协作的；乐于配合的；（企业或其他组织）合作性的providing41.integrate v.（使）结合；（使）融入（群体）integrate with/into融入，加入E.g.Children are often very good at _ into a new culture.E.g.Dave seems to be finding it hard to integrate with his colleagues.integrate A with/into B把A融入BE.g.You need to integrate exer

26、cise into your normal life.E.g.Our program helps new staff members to integrate themselves into the team.【拓】adj.integrated【常用于名词前】综合的；互相协调的【常用于名词前】综合的；互相协调的an integrated public transport system综合公共交通系统 integration n.结合；整合结合；整合integrating46.oppose v.反对，抵制；与对垒oppose(sb)doing sth反对做某事E.g.I would certai

27、nly oppose changing the system.【词性变化】adj.opposed【不用于名词前】反对的；截然不同的be opposed to(doing)反对（做）某事【词性变化】adj.opposing【只用于名词前】对立的，敌对的，（观点等）相反的 the opposing side 对方【拓】opposition u.n.反对；反抗注意：oppose后只接动名词做宾语不接不定式 45.intervention n.干涉；干预 intervention in sth对的干预【拓】intervene v.干预46.pure adj.1)纯的 pure gold2)纯洁的 pu

28、re water The air is very pure.【拓】purely adv.仅仅；完全 I saw the letter purely by chance.purity u.n.纯洁；纯粹；纯净 purify v.净化清新清新47.reject v.1)拒绝；排斥【反accept】reject an argument/a claim（要求）/an offer2)拒收；不录用Ive been rejected by all the universities I applied to.3)（因质量差）不用；不出版Imperfect articles are rejected by ou

29、r quailty control.4)冷落；嫌弃When her husband left home she felt rejected and useless.reject doing sth 拒绝做某事 reject.out of hand坚决拒绝，彻底否决注意：reject后只接名词或动名词做宾语，refuse，decline后接动词不定式做宾语【拓】rejection n.否决48.pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的be pessimistic/optimistic about【拓】pessimism u.n.悲观（主义）【反optimism】pessimist c.

30、n.悲观主义者 【反optimist】adv.pessimistically optimistically v.optimize v.优化，充分利用（形势，机会，资源）；持乐观态度49.tendency n.趋势；倾向a tendency to do sth做某事的倾向a tendency towards/to regional cooperation 区域性合作的趋势He has a tendency to forget things.【拓】tend v.1)倾向于.；有.趋势 tend to/towards sthtend to do sth 往往会做某事2)照料；护理 tend(to)t

31、he sick56.sincerely adv.真诚地，诚实地【词性变化】adj.sincere 真诚的，诚实的【词性变化】n.sincerity 真诚，真挚a man of deep sincerity一个非常真诚的人52.slip v.slip away消失；死去slip out无意中说出（或泄露）sth slip ones mind被遗忘n.1)差错He recited the whole poem without making a single slip.他一字不差背诵了全诗。2)纸条；小纸片a slip of paper一张纸条3)小错误a slip of the pen 笔误58.fence n.栅栏，篱笆be on the fence持观望态度53.contest n./kntest/比赛 v./kntest/争取赢得（比赛；选举）【词性变化】n.contestant参赛者，竞争者