Unit+1+Nature+in+the+balance+Reading2+Language+points（ppt课件）-2023新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、Pre-reading上文两句出自德国哲学家、革命导师弗里德里希恩格斯的劳动在从猿到人转变过程中的作用一文，意在说明人类与自然界要和谐共处。Let us not,however,flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature.For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us.但是我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都对我们进行报复。Pre-reading:Important phrases in Welcom

2、ethe human race_ do harm(to)_cut down _sound the alarm _be thankful for sth _find the solution(to sth)_对对有害有害人类人类砍伐，砍倒砍伐，砍倒发出警报发出警报对对感激；为感激；为庆幸庆幸找到解决找到解决的的方法方法The human race has down much harm.n.伤害do harm to.对.造成伤害mean no harm to sb.（对某人无恶意）do no harm 对.没有伤害do great/much/a lot of harm 对.造成巨大的伤害He wo

3、uld never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。The human race has down much harm.v.伤害，损害He would never _ anyone.他永远不会伤害任何人。Pollution can _ marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。harmharmWe have polluted our soils and seas.n.土壤；国土，领土，领地，土壤poor/dry/acid/sandy/fertile soil 贫瘠、干旱、酸性、沙质、肥沃的土壤the study of

4、rocks and soils对岩石和土壤的研究soil erosion土壤侵蚀It was the first time I had set foot on African soil.那是我第一次踏上非洲大地。PicturesFast reading Para.1:Introduction to the Amazon rainforestPara.2:Basic information about the rainforestPara.3:_Para.4:_Para.5:_Plant biodiversity;levels of the rainforestAnimal biodiversi

5、ty;food chainThe rainforests value to the human race;threats to the rainforestIntensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions 86 million64004000130040020%17%Detailed reading Paragraph 1 Question：What is the topic sentence?As the largest rainforest in the world,it plays a significant role in ma

6、intaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.Detailed reading Paragraph 2 Q1：How does the Amazon rainforest get its name?Q2:What gives this area the richest biodiversity?Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions Basic information about the rainforest_:8 countries and one overseas r

7、egion _:around 5.5 million square kilometres of forest_:about 6,400 km in lengthlengthsizelocationIntensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions location:The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American co

8、ntinent.横越巴西横越巴西(占森林占森林60%60%面积面积)、哥伦比亚、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、委内瑞拉、厄瓜多尔、玻利维秘鲁、委内瑞拉、厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚、圭亚那、苏里南、法国（法属圭亚、圭亚那、苏里南、法国（法属圭亚那），占世界雨林面积的一半，全亚那），占世界雨林面积的一半，全球森林面积的球森林面积的20%20%，是全球最大及物种，是全球最大及物种最多的热带雨林。亚马孙雨林被人们最多的热带雨林。亚马孙雨林被人们称为称为“地球之肺地球之肺”和和“绿色心脏绿色心脏”。Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions size:With

9、an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.=China is more than twice _ _ _ the Amazon rainforest.asbig/largeasIntensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions length:The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close

10、to 6,400 kilometres in length roughy 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.On its journey from the mountains to the ocean,the river supports many different ecosystems.Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions The forests different levels of plant speciesAt the bottom,_.Above that

11、_.The next level_.Each level of the forest forms its own little world,_ to different kinds of living things.homeThen there are _,and finally_.there is a system of roots beneath the groundis the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest flooris made up of shorter plants with large leavesthe towering anc

12、ient hardwoodsthe tops of the tallest trees many metres above the groundDetailed reading Paragraph 3 Please complete the table about the forests different levels.up bottomThe tops of the tallest trees.The towering ancient hardwoodsShorter plants with large leavesThe mass of leaf litterA system of ro

13、ots beneath the ground3a system of roots（根系）the tops（树冠）of the tallest treesthe mass of leaf litter（落叶层）shorter plants with large leavestowering ancient hardwoods（阔叶树）The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife.森林的不同层次支持着令人难以置信的各种野生动物。Intensive reading:Read carefully and

14、 answer questions The forests different species of animals More than 1,300 species of b_ and over 400 species of m_ hide among the jungles plant life.They form a perfect _ in the forest.irdsammalsfood chain Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions Jaguars feed on at least 87 species,inc

15、luding _.These frogs,in turn,feed on _ which eat _ and _.When a jaguar dies,a tiny army of microorganisms helps _ its body and _ the nutrients to the earth.frogsinsectsleavesfruitbreak downreturnIntensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions frogsinsectsleaves and fruitJaguars dead bodiesJagu

16、arsthe forests food chainJaguars美洲虎At least 87 species,including frogs 青蛙Microorganisms微生物 While a significant number of jaguars survive here,they are only one element of this forests food chain.以.为食分解Insects 昆虫The forests food chainDetailed reading Paragraph 4 Please complete the following chart ab

17、out the forests food chain.jaguarsNutrients in the earthLeaves and fruit insectsfrogsmicroorganismsDetailed reading Paragraph 5Q1:How does the Amazon rainforest breathe life into the planet?Q2:Why has 17 per cent of the rainforest disappeared over the past 50 years?Intensive reading:Read carefully a

18、nd answer questions 1.What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure according to the script?The Amazon forest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earths oxygen.Thus,it is known as the“lungs of the planet”.Moreover,the Amazon forest is a treas

19、ure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions 2.The forests current danger:There is one major danger to these _ plants and animals.Over the past 50 years,about 17%of the rainforest has disappeared _ _ human activities,such as a_ and

20、cattle f_.irreplaceableduetogriculturearming3.What question are we left with?Can we afford to damage the“lungs of the planet”?Intensive reading:Read carefully and answer questions 4.In addition to humans activities,what other factors may contribute to the disappearance of the forest?The answer may b

21、e here:The following passage is from a website about the Amazon rainforest.Please complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.(P5)1对有害2砍伐树木3发出警报4找到某事的解决方法5因为(account)6自然奇迹7种类繁多的野生生物do harm/damage to sthcut down treessound the alarmfind the solution to sthon

22、account ofnatural wondersa wide range of wildlifeImportant words&phrases8充满，到处都是某物9在某事中起重要作用10保持生态系统完美平衡11的面积12超过中国面积的一半13得名于be alive with sthplay a significant role in maintain the fine balance of the ecosysteman area ofmore than half the size of Chinaget ones name from Important words&phrases14在长度

23、上15地球上最丰富的多样性16躺在上面17令人难以置信的野生生物多样性18在底部19在地下in lengththe richest biodiversity on the Earthlie down on sthan unbelievable variety of wildlifeat the bottomImportant words&phrases20由组成21高耸的古老硬木22食物链上的一要素23以为食24相应地，依次25一小群微生物be made up ofthe towering ancient hardwoodsone element of the food chainfeed o

24、n sthin turna tiny army of micro-organismsImportant words&phrases26分解27给带来起色，注入活力28固定；修理29而且；此外30不可替代的31继续做某事break downbreathe life into sthfixmoreoverirreplaceablecontinue doing/to do sthImportant words&phrases33给某人留一个问题34承担得起做某事35积累营养36因此37吸收;欺骗38被锁上，被关起来leave sb with a questioncan afford to do st

25、hbuild up nutrientsas a resulttake inbe locked upImportant words&phrases40documentary script41的家园，的栖息地42各种各样的43根据判断（做状语的形式）44大片的、成片的 纪录片脚本be home toa wide range of judging froma sea of Important words&phrasesPara.1(1)Welcome to the jungle,a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals.译文：译文：欢迎

26、来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处都可欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处都可以听到各种动物的声音。以听到各种动物的声音。a huge sea of 大量的，许多大量的，许多 be alive with 充满着，充满着，到处都是到处都是e.g.,It also preserves a huge amount of information about past temperatures,rainfall and sea levels.那里也保存了大量关于古代气温、降雨两和海平面高度的信息。e.g.,Two years ago,the Copenhagen climate summit was

27、alive with the belief that an agreement would be reached.两年前，哥本哈根气候高峰会还抱有将达成一份协议的信念。1.There was a sea of faces in every scenic area in China during the Spring Festival.春节期间，中国的每个景点都是人山人海。2.We must face a huge sea of troubles and bear them.我们必须面对海量的困难并忍受它们。3.No wonder people say Austria is always ali

28、ve with the sound of music.难怪人们说奥地利永远充满音乐之声。Translate the following sentences.(2)As the largest rainforest in the world,it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earths ecosystem.(page 2,lines 23)The foods you consume every day play a significant role in the health of your s

29、kin作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。你每天吃的食物对你的皮肤起着重要的作用The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France.语法功能：_ 此句可改为：The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France_(include).Impor

30、tant sentencesFind a sentence to match the picture The price includes both house and furniture.I hate animals,_ dogs.I hate animals,dogs _.(3).The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries,including Brazil and Peru,and one overseas region of France,all on the South American continent.(page 2,li

31、nes 45)亚马孙雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。vt.prep.adj.cross into 穿过，进入 including included Para.2译文：亚马孙雨林的面积约为译文：亚马孙雨林的面积约为600600万平方千米，比中国国万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。土面积的一半还要大。(4)With an area of around 6 million square kilometers,the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(page 2,line

32、s 47)注：倍数的表达注：倍数的表达 倍数倍数+the height/weight/length/size of 倍数倍数+as+adj/adv(long/high/large)+as 倍数倍数+adj/adv的比较级的比较级 than A +谓语动词谓语动词 +Para.2译文：亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约译文：亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6,4006,400千千米，比长江还长大约米，比长江还长大约100100千米。千米。(5)The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,4

33、00 kilometres in lengthroughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.注：注：from which引导非限定性定语从句，结构为介词引导非限定性定语从句，结构为介词+关系代词的关系代词的结构。主句为：结构。主句为：The Amazon River is close to 6,400 kilometres in length.从句为：从句为：the rainforest gets its name，其中，其中get its name from 为固定搭配，介词提前，构成了为固定搭配，介词提前，构成了from whic

34、h.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.

35、The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句 The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze

36、 River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The children are close to each other in age.If the planet be close to the sun,it

37、s speed increases.The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The children are close to each other in age.If the planet be close to the sun,its speed increases.这些儿

38、童彼此的年龄很接近。The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The children are close to each other in age.If the planet be close to the sun,its speed increases.这些儿童彼此的年龄很接

39、近。如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The children are close to each other in age.If the planet be close to the sun,its speed increases.

40、这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面 The Amazon River,from which the rainforest gets its name,is close to 6,400 kilometres in length-roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.非限制性定语从句be close to 接近;靠近;亲近;临近 The children are close to each other in age.If the planet be close to t

41、he sun,its speed increases.这些儿童彼此的年龄很接近。如果行星接近太阳，其运转速度就会加快。亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面Para.3(6)This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat;these water lilies are big enough to lie down on.The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety

42、of wildlife.译文：这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出我们可以食用的译文：这棵高大、古老的巴西坚果树结出我们可以食用的坚果；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层坚果；这些睡莲（叶片）大到可以躺在上面。雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。vary v.相异相异,不同不同,各种各样的各种各样的vary fromto 由由到到不等不等vary with 随随变化变化various adj.各种各样的各种各样的e.g.,He directed various TV shows.他导演过各种电视节目。他导演过各种电视节目。1.produce 2

43、.be adj enough to do 足够.去做.引起，造成，制造；生产，产生He is old enough to go to school.他的年纪足够去上学了3巴西坚果睡莲Para.3(7)At the bottom,there is a system of roots beneath the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.注：注：谓语放在主语前面构成全部倒装句谓语放在主语前面构成全部倒装句1.表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here、ther

44、e、up、down、in、away、out、off、now、then等置于句首时等置于句首时。Out of the cave rushed a tiger.从山洞中冲出一只老虎。从山洞中冲出一只老虎。2.Such作表语置于句首时，全部倒装作表语置于句首时，全部倒装Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great man.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个简单而伟大的人这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，一个简单而伟大的人译文：在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的译文：在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由较矮的阔叶植物组成。落叶层。再往上一层由

45、较矮的阔叶植物组成。Para.3(8)At the bottom,there is a system of roots beneath the ground.Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.译文：在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的译文：在底层是地下根系，往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。再往上一层由较矮的阔叶植物组成。落叶层。再往上一层由较矮的阔叶植物组成。注：注：谓语放在主语前面构成全部倒装句谓语放在主语前面构成全部倒装句3.表示地点的介词短语开头的句子，全部倒装。表示地点的介词短语开头的句子

46、，全部倒装。On the back wall hangs a picture.后墙上挂着一幅画。后墙上挂着一幅画。4.为了保持句子的平衡，可以将作表语的介词短语、形容为了保持句子的平衡，可以将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起全部倒装。词、副词或分词提到句首，引起全部倒装。Present at the concert were many famous actors.很多著名的演员都出席了音乐会。很多著名的演员都出席了音乐会。Language points在这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致。(9)Above that is the mass of leaf

47、litter on the dark forest floor.在它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。介词短语above that放句首，句子用完全倒装。这样可以保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.Among these people was his friend Jim.Language pointsmass n.大量；许多，团；块；堆【搭配】a mass of/masses of sth 大量，许多the mass

48、 of 中的大多数the masses 群众 从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块普及科学知识的电视节目 A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountainA TV programme that brings science to the masses mass adj.大量的，大批的；民众的 有了电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。Email has made mass mailings possible at the touch of a button.a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动Para.3(10)Each

49、 level of the forest forms its own little world,which is home to different kinds of living things.译文：雨林的每一层都形成自己的小世界，成为各种生译文：雨林的每一层都形成自己的小世界，成为各种生物的家。物的家。注：注：which 引导非限定性定语从句，主句为引导非限定性定语从句，主句为Each level of the forest forms its own little world,从句为从句为is home to different kinds of living things，从句部分缺少

50、主语，主句中的从句部分缺少主语，主句中的own little world为先行词，充当主句的主语部分，且先行词为物，用为先行词，充当主句的主语部分，且先行词为物，用which指代。指代。living adj.1)活着的；活的 2)在使用的；在实施的 living n.生计;收入What do you do for a living?(=what do you do as a job?)你是做什么营生的？the finest living pianist 当世的最杰出的钢琴家a living language(=one that people still use)现用语言 lively/aliv