2023年中考英语一轮复习：8种时态总结与精选练习题（Word版含答案）.docx

1、2023年中考英语一轮复习：8种时态总结与精选练习题英语语法时态相关学习一般现在时1. 概念经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2. 基本结构 is/am/are; do/does否定形式： am/is/are + not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。3. 一般疑问句 把is/am/are动词放于句首; 用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。4. 用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。例如：I leave home for school at 7

2、every morning。每天早上我七点离开家。2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：The earth moves around the sun。地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China。上海位于中国东部。3) 表示格言或警句。例如：Pride goes before a fall。骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbus proved that the earth is round。哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：I dont wan

3、t so much。我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well。安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。5) 一般现在时表示将来含义a.下列动词come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning。火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes。汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。b. 在时间或

4、条件句中。例如：When Bill comes (不是will come)， ask him to wait for me。比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there。我到了那里，就写信给你。一般过去时1. 概念过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2. 基本结构 was/were; 行为动词过去式否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句： was或were放于句首; 用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。3. 用法1) 在确定的过去时间

5、里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday， last week， an hour ago， the other day， in 1982等。例如：Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?2) 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：When I was a child， I often played football in the street。我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit， they were given a warm welcome。那时

6、，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。注意：used to + do：“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Mother used not to be so forgetful。老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk。斯卡夫过去常常散步。现在进行时1. 概念表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 时间状语now， at this time， these days， etc。3. 基本结构am/is/are + doing否定形式：am/is/are + not + doing。一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。4. 用法1) 表示

7、现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you。我们正在等你。2) 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr。Green is writing another novel。他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)3) 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get， grow， become， turn， run， go， begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red。叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer。天越来越热了。4) 与always， constantl

8、y， forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind。你老是改变主意。5) 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come， go， arrive， leave， start， begin， return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow。明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?过去进行时1. 概念表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。My brother fe

9、ll while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself。我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。When I got to the top of the mountain， the sun was shining。我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。2. 时间状语at this time yesterday， at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3. 基本结构was/were + doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing。一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。4. 用法1) 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内

10、持续进行的动作或者事情。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night。昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)She was doing her homework then。那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room。当我看见他的时候他正在

11、装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)3) 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。When he was waiting for the bus， he was reading a newspaper。他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking。他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)一般将来时1.概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2. 时间状语tomorrow， next day(week， month， year)，soon， in

12、a few minutes， by the day after tomorrow， etc。3.基本结构 am/is/are/going to + do; will + do。否定形式：am/is/are + not + going to + dowill not(wont)+ do。一般疑问句： am/is/are放于句首; will提到句首。4. will主要用于在以下三个方面1) 表示主观意愿的将来。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow。明天他们将去厂参观工厂。Ill come with Wang Bing， Liu Tao and Yan

13、g Ling。我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。2) 表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。Today is Saturday。Tomorrow will be Sunday。今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year。明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。3) 表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。Mary has been ill for a week。玛丽病了一周了。Oh， I didnt know。I will go and see her。噢，我不知道。我去看看她。5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面1)

14、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon。今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。2) 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。Look! There come the dark clouds。It is going to rain。瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。过去将来时1. 概念立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2. 时间状语the next day(morning， year)，the following month(week)，etc。3. 基本结构 was/

15、were/going to + do; would + do。否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do; would + not + do。一般疑问句： was或were放于句首; would 提到句首。4. 用法1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：He said he would come to see me。他说他要来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing。他告诉我他将去北京。2) “was/ were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：She said she wa

16、s going to start off at once。她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to return home。有人告诉我他准备回家。此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：It seemed as if it was going to rain。看来好像要下雨。3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning。他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。S

17、he told me she was coming to see me。她告诉我她要来看我。现在完成时1. 概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。2. 时间状语recently， lately， since， for， in the past few years， etc。3. 基本结构have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +done。一般疑问句：have或 has。4. since的三种用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980， last month，

18、 half past six)。例如：I have been here since 1989。1989起，我一直在这儿。2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago。我在这儿，已经有五个月了。3) since +从句(一般过去时)。例如：Great changes have taken place since you left。你走后，变化可大了。比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：I have lived here for more than twenty

19、years。我住在这儿二十多年了。注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years。(我现在已不在这里工作。)过去完成时1. 概念以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2. 时间状语before， by the end of last year(term， month)，etc。3. 基本结构had + done。否定形式：had + not + done。一般疑问句：had放于句首。4. 用法1) 在told， said， knew， heard，

20、thought等动词后的宾语从句种。例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris。她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived， the thieves had run away。警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。3) 表示意向的动词，如hope， wish， expect， think， intend， mean，suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。例如：We had hoped that you would come， b

21、ut you didnt。那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。注意：had hardly when。刚。就。例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me。我刚打开门，他就打了我。had no soonerthan 刚 就。例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it。他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。精选动词时态考题训练(有详解)1. Dear me! Just at the time! I no idea it was so late.A.look, haveB. looking, hadC.

22、look hadD. looking, have2. “Whats his name? “I .A.forgetB. forgotC.had forgottenD. am forgetting3. Your mother_however, say that to us that day.A.doesB.didC. is doingD. was doing4. New medicines and instruments every day to extend life.A.developB. are being developed C. are developingD. have develop

23、ed5.I your last point - could you say it again?A. didnt quite catch B.dont quite catch C. hadnt quite caught D. cant quite catch6.I feel sure I her before somewhere.A. was to meetB. have metC.had metD. would meet7. They havent arrived yet but we them at any moment.A. are expectedB. have expectedC. a

24、re expectingD. will expect8. “I suppose you that report yet?“I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”A.didnt finishB. havent finishedC.hadnt finishedD. wasnt finishing9.“When he_is not known yet.”“But when he he will be warmly welcomed.”A.comes, comesB.will come.will come C.comes.will come D.w

25、ill es10.The bridge, which_1688, needs repairing.A.is dated from B.was dated fromC.dates fromD.dated from11.I had hoped to see her off at the station but I too busy.A.wasB. had beenC.would beD. would have been12. You your turn so youll have to wait.A.will missB. have missedC.are missingD. had missed

26、13.I left my pen on the desk and now its gone who it?A.tookB. has takenC.will takeD. had taken14. Youll never guess who I met today-my old teacher! We_for 20 years.A.dont meetB. havent metC. hadnt metD. couldnt meet15. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; Im sure he abroad a

27、ll week.A.isB.wasC.has beenD. had been16.-Dont put the waste on the ground.-Oh, Im very sorry.I the dustbin there.A. dont seeB. isnt seeingC.didnt seeD. havent see17.-How is the weather in your country this summer?-It as much as it does now for a long time.A.hasnt rainedB. doesnt rainC.wasnt raining

28、D. didnt rain18.-Does Liu Hui serve in the army?-No. but he in the army for three years.A. servedB. has servedC. is servingD.would serve19.-Sorry.I to post the letter for you-Never mind.it myself after school.A. forget; Id rather postB. forgot; Ill postC.forgot: Im going to postD. forget: Id better

29、post20.Unfortunately, when I dropped in Professor Smith so we only had time for a few words.A. has just leftB.had just leftC. just leftD. was just leaving21.-What were you doing when I phoned you last night?-I my painting and was starting to take a bath.A. have already finishedB. was finishingC.had

30、just finishedD. was going to finish22.You television.Why not do something more active?A.alwayswatchB. are always watchingC.have always watchedD. have always been watching23.I have been studying computer for several years and I still A.haveB.doC.have beenD.am24. Jane was disappointed that most of the

31、 guests when she at the party.A.left; had arrivedB. left; arrivedC.had left: had arrivedD. had left: arrived25.The pen I I is on my desk right under my nose.A.think: lostB. thought: had lostt C.think: had lostD. thought: have lost 【模拟解析】 1.C。第一空填1ook，因为这是祈使句的谓语;第二空填had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，

32、“不知道这么迟了显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态。2.A。从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。3.B。其中的did为强调用法。4.B。从语境上看，develop不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。5.A。从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去(即说此话之前)。6.B。before用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。7.c。表示目前的一种状态。8.B，注意下文语境:事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空外应填现在完成时态。9.D。第一个when引导的是主语从句，用一般将来时表示

33、将来;第二个when引导的是时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。10.C。因为date from的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(=have existed since)，它通常用干一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)，除非所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，如:The church.which dated from the 13th century,was destroyed in an earthquake two yearsago(那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了)。(注:与date from同义的date back to也有类似用法。)11.A。前一句谓语

34、用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。12.B。用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是:你只能等。13.B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。14.B，用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。15.C，用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。16.C。指刚才对方提醒之前没看到垃圾箱，用过去式。17.A。由now和for a longtime可知“很长时间都没有像现在这样下雨这么多”，用现

35、在完成时。18.A。由no是对前句的否定可知现在不在部队服役，是以前“服过役”，故用一般过去时。19.B。从语境看“忘记”应为过去;“放学后自己去记”是临时的决定，不能用表示计划或打算的be going to。20.D。从“我们只谈了几句话”可知，当我们去拜访时，Professor Smith“正要”离开了，D是过去进行时表示过去将来时。21.C。由“我正要去洗澡”可知昨天你打电话时“我刚刚画完”，“画完”在“打电话前”之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。22.B。always有时可与进行时态连用，但含有某些感情-色彩，如报怨、厌恶、赞美等。此句表示的是报怨。23.D。句意为“我已学电脑几年了，我现在还在学。”am后省略了studying。24.D.在她arrived之前就已离开;即过去的过去，用had left25.B.语境为:原以为(thought)丢了的(had lost)确在鼻子底下。第 20 页 共 20 页