2021年英语中考语法复习 句子成分和种类 ppt课件.pptx

1、句子成分和句子种类基 本 概 念/各 种 分 类/简 单 用 法Where there is a will,there is a way.To be or not to be,this is a question.句子成分1句子种类2CONTENTSPART1句 子 成 分member of sentence主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语01句子的主人主语02表达主语动作状态谓语03宾语05句子成分040706动作行为的对象定语修饰名词或代词说明动作或状态特征状语补语补充说明表语表达主语具体情况主语1subject,是一句的主体，是在句中说明全句中心的部分。常用名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充

2、当担任。一般位于于句首。一个句子的老大They are good friends.代词Three is enough.数词To see is to believe.不定式Fishing is allowed.动名词What he needs is a book.主语从句 Students study.名词The rich should help the poor.名词化形容词 Where is subject?找 出 主 语1 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.234The young should respect the old.What he has

3、said is true.He gets up early every day.5 To learn a foreign language is not easy.6 Swimming is my hobby.Exercise1.Mary with her two daughters _ going to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month.A.are B.was C.is D.were2._ more exercise does good to your health.A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Doing3._ is impossible to

4、 finish this job before Wednesday.A.That B.This C.It D.Theyit 做形式主语，真正的主语在后面 动词不能作主语 YES OR NO?不能作主语Do exercise is good for your health.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.谓语2predicate，是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面，通常有简单谓语和复合谓语。表达主语动作状态The little girl dances well.动词The plane took off

5、 at 10 oclock.动词短语We love China.动词简单谓语谓语2表达主语动作状态You must stay at home.情态动词+动词She looks beautiful.系动词+表语My sister is crying over there.系动词+表语复合谓语He has caught a bad cold.助动词+V过分由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词构成，或由系动词加表语构成，系动词单独不作谓语找谓语where is predicate?They enjoyed playing computer games.He looked after two boys.We

6、 have finished reading this book.They can speak English well.The days get longer and longer when summer comes.Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.祈 使 句 谓 语SOMETHING YOU MUST NOTICEOpen the door,please!Go and get some water for me!Dont laugh at others!Dont come back late tonight.省略主语you&谓语动词用原形Exerci

7、se1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night.Can you help me?A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.finished2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon.A.go B.went C.goes D.gone3._ up early,or you will miss the early bus.A.Got B.Get C.Getting D.Gets4._ up ear

8、ly is good for your health.A.Got B.Get C.Getting D.Gets5.Wow!The cake tastes _!Can I have one more?A.well B.deliciously C.bad D.good 宾语3object，表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。He often helps me.代词 Give me four please.数词I like Music.名词宾语3 We have finished reading this book.动名词 He wants to dre

9、am a nice dream.不定式 I think you are right.从句 I am interested in music.介词宾语I give you a penI order you to study 主主谓谓宾宾宾宾补youa pen双宾两者中间无联系宾补两者有联系，只能是“你”学习I made you my assistant I keep the room warm宾补宾补动作身份状态宾语补足语：只补充说明宾语的动作、身份、状态。双宾VS宾补12区别动作身份状态34圈出宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all o

10、ver the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your job.We should care more about our friends.They made him monitor of the class.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.ABCAABCBCADBCCDBAABCD定语4attribute,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前，短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后修饰名词或代词the beautiful girlthe ugly gi

11、rlthe girl who is beautifulthe girl who is uglyToms father didnt come back home until yesterday 名词所有格 Emma is a beautiful girl.形容词She is a woman worker.名词 I have 5 books 数词 This is her first trip to Switzerland.形代/序数词/不定式定语定语I have nothing to eat.不定式 It is a swimming pool.动名词The girl with long hair

12、is my sister.介词短语 He is the boy who dances best in my class.从句 寻 找 定 语 1.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.2.Some people forgot to sweep the floor.DABCDABC3.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.4.He is reading an article about how to learn English.5.The pen bought by her is made

13、in China.ADBCEADBCEADBC状语5adverbial,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。说明动作或状态特征He is writing with a pen.介词短语To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.不定式He is in the room making a model plane.分词短语Wait a minute 名词Once you begin,you must continue.从句 Light trave

14、ls most quickly.副词及副词性词组状语5说明动作或状态特征Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地点状语 I arrived late because of the traffic jam.原因状语He did it carefully.方式状语 Well send a car to fetch you.目的状语If he goes,so will I.条件状语How about meeting again at six.时间状语Though he is a child,he knows a lot.让步状语 She came in with a d

15、ictionary in her hand.伴随状语He was so tired that he fell asleep.结果状语I am taller than he is.比较状语 找出状语JUST HAVE A TRYThere was a big smile on her face.He began writing when he was eleven.Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.DACBDACBDACB补语6complement,英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎

16、么样的作用补充说明宾语情况The result made me angry.形容词Let the fresh air in.副词If you let me go,Ill make you king.名词补语6补充说明宾语情况You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.动词不定式We saw her entering the room.现在分词We found everything in good order there.介词短语I saw him going upstairs.现在分词They found the house broken in.

17、过去分词找出宾补1.They call me Lily sometimes.ACBD2.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.3.She found it difficult to do the work.4.He asked her to take the boy out of school.EACBDACBDEACBDE表语7predicative,系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。表达主语具体情况Is it yours?代词The weather has turned cold.形容词My father is a professor.名词Time i

18、s up.The class is over.副词Three times seven is twenty one.数词The meeting is of great importance.介词短语 表语7系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份。表达主语具体情况His hobby is playing football.动名词The speech is exciting.分词His job is to teach English.不定式The truth is that he has never been abroad.从句找出表语1.Everything looks nice.AC

19、B2.His face turned red.3.They are at home now.4.Seeing is believing.ACBDACBDACB句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a

20、chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！Exercise1._ w

21、ill leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here now C.The man who is here now D.The man is here now2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and cold C.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C

22、.latest D.latter5.The actor _at the age of 70.A.dead B.died C.dyed D.dyingExercise6._were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,us B.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we7.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A.its B.it

23、C.that D.that is9.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked 10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A.that B.when C.in which D.wherePART2句 子 种 类 t y p e of s e n t e n c e1陈述句肯定句否定句2疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句3祈使句肯定祈使句否定祈使句4感叹句what引导how引导01 陈述句 Whats the declarative sentence?陈述句是用来说

24、明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子，读时用降调eg.She is a good student.We are going to do our homework.陈述句的肯定形式1.主语+系动词+表语 The flower is beautiful.2.主语+谓语动词 The teacher smiled.3.主语+谓语动词+宾语 I like singing a song.4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I love you my dear Mum.陈述句的否定形式1.主语+be动词+not+其他 You arent a good student.2.主语+助动词（do）+not+

25、实意动词+其他 She doesnt like fruit.3.主语+情态动词+not+实意动词+其他 You shouldnt stay up so late.4.否定的缩写形式 is not=isnt are not=arentwas not=wasnt were not=werentdo not=dont does not=doesntdid not=didnt will not=wontExercise1.She does her homework erery evening.(改为否定句）2.We dont have any lessons on Sunday.（改为肯定句）3.Yo

26、u are at home now.(改为否定句）4.He is going to visit the farm next Friday.（改为否定句）5.You wont get fatter.（改为肯定句）6.He didnt come home on time.(改为肯定句）She doesnt her homework erery evening.We have any lessons on SundayYou are not at home nowHe isnt going to visit the farm next Friday.You will get fatter.He ca

27、me home on time02 疑问句一般疑问句fIs?fAre?fWas?fWere?fDo?fDid?fDoes?fCan?一般疑问句的回答只能用Yes或No.be动词情态动词助动词1.This is Amys bike.(一般疑问句）Is this Amys bike?2.Did you go to Beijing last weekend?Yes,I did.(肯定回答）No,I didnt.(否定回答)Yes,this is.(肯定回答）No,this isnt.（否定回答）3.I have some books.(一般疑问句）Do you have any books?特殊疑问

28、句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：When 什么时间 (问时间)Who 谁 (问人)Where 在哪里 (问地点)Which 哪一个 (问选择)Why 为什么 (问原因)What 什么 (问东西、事物)How 怎样(问方式、手段，程度、情况等)Mike:_are we going to stay in Harbin?Mum:In Grandmas big house.Mike:_does Grandma like eating?Mum:She likes eggs very much.Mike:_season is the best time to Harbin?M

29、um:Winter.Mike:_?Mum:Because we can make a snowman there.Mike:_are we going to this year?Mum:we will go to Harbin.Mike:_are we going to Harbin?Mum:On 10th Octomber.Mike:_do you go to there?Mum:By plane.WhereWhyWhatWhereWhenWhichHowExercise1.S:_ did you go last Sunday?T:I went to the library.A When B

30、 Where C What D Who2.Amy:_ bought the new bike for you?Mike:My father.A How B Where C What D Who3.S:Was this book in the desk?T:_ A Yes,it is.B No,it was C Yes,it wasnt D No,it wasnt4.S:_ heavy is John?T:He is 42kg.A How B What C Who D Where选择疑问句选择疑问句表示提供两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的范围和对象内选择。备选对象用or 连接，or 后

31、面用降调，句末用问号。结构A.一般疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:Would you like some coffee or tea?B.特殊疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:When will you go to Canada,Sunday or Monday?选择疑问句的回答1.从备选答案中选择某一项回答。-Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?-_.A.Yes,a dictionary.No,a magazine.A magazine .Yes,both.2.选择对象是二者，可二选一就用肯定的either；两个都可

32、以选表示肯定的both；两个对象都不选就用表示否定的neither。-Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles?-_.I like tomato noodles.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None3.备选对象是三者,可任选其一时，就用one of them；三个对象都选就用all;三个对象都不选就用none.-Which do you like best,coffee,water or juice?-_.I only like tea.A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.NoneIts col

33、d,_?isnt itYes,it is.They are playing football,_?arent theyYes,they are.They werent in the zoo last Sunday,_?No,they werent.They went to the mountains.were theyIt rained heavily yesterday,_?didnt itYes,it did.1.She is a student,isnt she?2.We speak Chinese,dont we?当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，

34、称为反意疑问句。反意疑问句结构一：前肯，+后否 eg.She is a student,isnt she?结构二：前否，+后肯 eg.She isnt a student,is she?反意疑问句的解答步骤1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；She is a girl,1.判定：前句为肯定，后句为否定2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt3.换代，主语是she,则不变isnt she?2.找动（找句子的助动词：be用be,动词原形do，三单does，过 去did，完成have）；3.换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；1.找到动词2.判断肯否、时态及助动词3.主语照抄（若是名词 便改为代词主格形

35、式）Tina speaks English well,Doesnt she?1.找到动词是speaks2.判断：肯定、一般现在时 助动词用does3.主语：（tina是名词 女名 则改为she)助动词Exercise1.My mother has to stay at home to look after my grandma,_?A.hasnt she B.hasnt my mother C.doesnt she D.doesnt my mother2.It rained hard last night,_?A.does it B.did it C.doesn t it D.didn t i

36、t3.Lucy didnt come to school yesterday,_?A.did she B.didnt she C.dos she D.doesnt she4.You have to keep quiet while watching the film,_ you?A.havent B.dont C.didnt D.will1.Lily can play football,2.Tom will visit China next mouth,3.She has been to HongKong,4.You d better lie down and have a rest,5.Yo

37、u cant go out,情态动词像can/will等情态动词，变为否定为cant/wont即可当have 在完成时中或“You had better”中时，也当情态动词变。Have/havent,had/hadntcant she?Wont he?hasnt she?Hadnt you?Can you?be动词1.Its a nice day,2.The Greens were at home last night,3.Ben isnt a bed boy,4.Tom is skating,Isnt it?Werent they?Is he?Isnt he?前肯后否前否后肯There is

38、/are/will be,isnt/arent/wont there？1.There is a pen on the chair,2.There are 60 students in our class,3.There will be a birthday party tomorrow,isnt there?arent there?wont there?There beExercise1.There is little milk in the glass,_?A.isnt itB.isnt thereC.is thereD.is it2.There are a few people in th

39、e room,_?A.are there B.arent there C.are they D.arent they3.Shes already back.,_?A doesnt she B isnt she C hasnt she D has she4.The tall man over there isnt our new English teacher,_?A.is he B.is there C.isnt he D.isnt there其他（1）当陈述部分有never，seldom(很少),hardly(几乎不)，few，little，nothing(没有)等否定意义的词时，后面的反意

40、疑问句则为肯定形式1.They have never visited his home,2.There are few apples in the basket 3.He can hardly swim4.It has no legs5.There is little water in the glass6.They seldom come latehave they?,are there?,can he?,does it?,is there?,do they?7.He is too young to join the army,is he？Exercise1.They have never

41、been to America,_?A.have they B.havent they C.dont they D.do they2.There is little milk in the glass,_?A.isnt itB.isnt thereC.is thereD.is it3.There are a few people in the room,_?A.are there B.arent there C.are they D.arent they4.They seldom think about the people,_?A.do they B.dont they C.are they

42、 D.arent they5.He hardly has any friends to play with,_ he?_!Thats why he feels lonely from time to time.A.hasnt,No B.doesnt,Yes C.does,Yes D.does,No其他（2）祈使句在祈使句后面附加问句，以加强语气或使祈使句听起来较委婉、客气1.Sit down please,_?2.Please call me,_?3.Lets go home,_?4.Let us go home,_?5.Dont leave now,_?will/wont youshall

43、we will you will youwill/wont you其他（3）let当为”let us（你让我们）”时 疑问句为“will you”前五后四当为”lets（让我们）”时 疑问句为“shall we”前四后五1.Lets go to park,2.Let us do homework.Shall we?Will you?其他（4）回答不管肯定否定，只抓信息点，是否吻合。如实回答1.She played football just now,didnt she?Yes,she did./no,she didnt.2.He has never been to Canda,has he?Y

44、es,he has./no,he hasnt.其他（5）主语是everyone,someone,anyone,no one,nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用they或he指代1.Everyone in your family is fond of swimming,arent they?你们全家都喜欢游泳，是吗？2.Anyone can do that,_?3.Someone is knocking at the door,_?4.No one knows about it,_?cant theyarent theydo they其他（6）主语是everything,somet

45、hing,anything,nothing等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用it指代。1.Nothing is important for him,is it?2.Something is wrong with your computer,_?3.Everything is ready for the test,_?isnt itisnt it其他（7）陈述部分是感叹句1.What a clever boy,_?2.How rude the boy is,_?isnt heisnt he其他（8）如果陈述部分的主语是this/that 或these/those,反义疑问句的主语就用it或th

46、ey.1.This is very easy,_?2.These are your friends Tom and Tim _?isnt itarent they其他（9）如果陈述部分是一个主从复合句，反义疑问句部分就看主句部分，但如果陈述部分的主语是I，谓语动词是think/suppose/believe/expect,反义疑问句部分就要看从句部分了。1.She says that I did it,_?2.I dont think she cares,_?doesnt shedoes sheExercise1.-Lets go shopping,_?-Ok,lets go.A.do you

47、 B.dont you C.will you D.shall we2.Rose,we will start at six tomorrow morning.Dont be late,_?_,Ill be there on time A.wont you;Yes,I will B.will you;Yes,I will C.will you;No,I wont D.wont you,No,I wont3.I dont think dropping litter is allowed in Yellow River Park,_?A.do I B.is it C.isnt it D.dont I4

48、.Hes never told lies,_ he?_,hes an honest boy.A.is,No B.isnt,Yes C.has,No D.hasnt,Yes03 祈使句Turn left!Turn right!Dont smoke!No smoking!Dont park your car!Dont play football!Dont eat!定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的 动词都为一般现在时，句末一般使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。1.Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手

49、。2.Buy me a toy,please./Please buy me a toy.请给我买个玩具。3.Be kind to our sister.对我们的妹妹要和善。4.Watch your steps.走路小心。5.Keep off the grass.勿踏草坪。命令请求劝告警告禁止Be a good boy!Buy me a toy car!肯定形式否定形式1.Be 型：系动词原形be+表语+其他3.Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他2.Do型：行为动词的原形+宾语+其他1.Be 型：Dont+be+表语+其他2.Do型：Dont+行为动词+宾语+其他3.Let型：1)Dont+

50、let+宾语（第三人称）+动词原形+其他2)Let+宾语（第一、三人称）+not+动词原形+其他Let him go!Dont be late for school!Dont buy me a toy car!Dont let him go!Let him not go!Let s not go!4.有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking!No fishing!祈使句表现形式Exercise1.Jim,_ me a hand.A.gives B.is giving C.will give D.give2._ careful,Jenny!There is a tree i