2021年重庆中考英语 阅读理解ppt课件.pptx

1、阅读理解的解题思路阅读理解的命题特点：阅读理解是中考英语中非常重要的一部分，所占分数为35分。文章体裁涉及也很广，主要有记叙文，说明文，应用文；主要题型有主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题，篇章结构题等。解题步骤：一、速度全文，了解大意和主题。二、再看题干及选项，用“”标注定位定位词(人名，地名，数字，专有名词，大写，及已翻译的词)。三、带着问题通读全文，由定位词找回原文找回原文并用“”标注，将选项与原文进行对比、归纳进行对比、归纳，确定答案。四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案一.主旨大意题：定位主题句的方法主题句是文章的首句主题句在文末主题句在中段主题句需归纳注意重复词 新闻报道类文

2、章首句是主题句。首句语言精练，中间段多角度说明论证，且与尾段句子呼应，则首句是文章主题句。夹叙夹议类记叙文末的议论部分隐含主题句。文章首段是举例子或谈论个别现象时，主题句则在后面的段落。主题句不明确时，归纳每一段主题句归纳每一段主题句，整合为全文大意。文中反复出现的词反复出现的词一般是体现主旨的关键词。常见设问方式1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the passage mainly about?3.What did the writer mainly tell us?4.What does the passage mainly

3、 talk about?5.The passage mainly tells us that.6.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?7.Whats the topic of the text?方式方式1 开门见山开门见山(A卷：卷：5年年1考；考；B卷：卷：5年年2考考)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节解释、论证或发展主题思想。例(2016重庆A卷阅读理解A篇节选)Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during the Spring Festi

4、val.People put it on windows，doors and walls for the festival.A thousand years ago，paper cut was used for decoration(装饰)There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China53This passage is mainly about .AcartoonsBTV programsCpaper cut Dhair cutC方式方式2藏头露尾藏头露尾(A卷：5年1考)主题句出现在文尾。文章先阐述细节，然

5、后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。例(2017重庆A卷阅读理解D篇节选)A 12year old girl from Virginia，US，never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems.She posted the words，“Killing.Meet me in the library Tuesday”，with three emojis(表情符号)of a gun，a knife and a bomb(炸弹)on Instagram，

6、a social media(社交媒体).She was told that she broke the law because of threatening(威胁)her school.“But not knowing the law doesnt mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it，”says David Allen Green，a lawyer from the UK.So，do you think wed better spend a minute or two thinking about the w

7、ords or emojis we use on social media before we press“send”？63This passage mainly wants to tell us that .Awe shouldnt break the US law if we study at a university in the USBstudents and singers shouldnt post words or emojis on social mediaCstudents should study hard at school and not use the Interne

8、t too muchDwe should be careful when we send words or emojis on social mediaD方式方式3首尾呼应首尾呼应(B卷：卷：5年年1考考)在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头会提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点明主题，进一步深化主题。例(2017重庆B卷阅读理解C篇节选)China has been famous around the world since ancient times.In the past，we had the Four GreatInventions.Nowadays，more inventio

9、ns and creations have made China stronger and greater in the world.China has made great progress in both science and technology.And it makes a great contribution(贡献)to humans，too.All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people，even of the people around the world.59The passage mainly wants

10、 to tell us .Athe Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than beforeBthe Four Great Inventions makes China strong and great in the worldCChina has increased the international influence with its developmentDChina has produced the new highspeed trains with the speed of 400 km/h C方方式式4

11、归纳总结归纳总结(A卷：卷：5年年3考考)主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点，然后加以归纳总结形成主题例(2020重庆A卷阅读理解D篇节选)Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimers disease(老年痴呆症).They can help with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒)the

12、patients of taking their medicine.They can also play games with patients to keep them active.54The main idea of Paragraph 3 is .Awhat the robots can doBwhat serious problems the robots causeCwhat the old people can doDwhat the old people think of the robotsA二.细节理解题：1.直接信息法：直接理解性题目，这种题目只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述

13、的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案；2.同义转换法：还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。直接信息法(2020重庆A卷阅读B节选)Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people.Since Wuhan was unlocked on April 8，there have been many

14、people lining up at snack shops there.2.Jiqing Street is a good place to_.A.study English B.try local food C.tell love stories D.go skating同义转换法(2020重庆A卷阅读D节选)Nejats robots are designed to fill an increasing need:caregiving for the old.The population of the people over age 80 will be 426 million in

15、2050，three times larger than that now.3.Nejats robots are designed to_.A.work in the factory B.make phone callsC.take care of the old D.knock on doorsBC三.推理判断题 所谓推理判断，就是根据材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息，即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理。注意事项：与原文相同的细节不能选；过于绝对的要小心，例如must,only,all 等；以偏概全或

16、扩大范围；无中生有.常见设问方式：1.From the passage，we can infer(推断)that2.We can learn from the passage/last paragraph that3.The passage is written in a(n)4.Which of the following is TRUE5.The material above is probably6.The writer starts the passage by7.How did the writers feelings change in the story?方式方式1事实推断事实推

17、断(A卷：卷：5年年6考；考；B卷：卷：5年年4考考)这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，首先要在文章中找出足以推断的相关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要理解字里行间的意思。(2020重庆A卷阅读理解D篇节选)As a field grows，scientists aim to understand human robot relationships better.Do robots offer advantages because they dont have feelings and dont give opinions?Will patients lose i

18、nterest?“One thing is clear，”Scassellati says，“Robots can provide care for the customers and the need for that will increase in the future.”55According to Scassellati，we can infer that Nejats robots .Awill have feelings soonBcan take the place of humansCshould be produced moreDwont give their own op

19、inionsC方式方式2材料出处推断材料出处推断(A卷：卷：5年年3考；考；B卷：卷：5年年2考考)此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式，推断材料的出处。如：报纸前会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；广告的用词和格式都很特殊；也可以根据材料内容推断，常考的有科学、文学等杂志，新闻报纸以及网站等，分别对应说明文章、故事、新闻以及网站广告等。(2020重庆A卷阅读理解B篇)Jiqing Street in Wuhan is a good place to try local food and experience the everyday life of local people.Since Wuhan w

20、as unlocked on April 8，there have been many people lining up at snack shops there.In the evening，hundreds of streetside stalls(摊位)come out on the street and provide popular snacks and local food at low prices.Travelers can enjoy hot dry noodles，tasty chicken soup and Chinese dumplings Dont miss Jiuj

21、iu duck necks.Chi Li，a popular writer，tells a love story of a beautiful lady who sells duck necks in this street in her novel Life Show.Thousands of people come to search for the scenes(场景)in the novel.Local people like to order several bestknown dishes and some bottles of beer and spend their eveni

22、ng time with friends there.For travelers，another exciting thing is the folk music performed by folk musicians at your table.You can enjoy delicious food when listening to music.With the street becoming busy，the city began to breathe again.47The material is probably from .Aa travel websiteBa history

23、bookCa science magazine Da dictionaryA方式方式3情感态度推断情感态度推断(A卷：卷：5年年2考；考；B卷：卷：5年年1考考)这类题目往往要求根据文章所提供的背景，人物的表情、动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。(2020重庆A卷阅读理解C篇节选)Last night I was alone at home.When I was watching a funny movie，I suddenly started laughing and couldnt stop myself.At first，I was feeling good.But after abo

24、ut 5 minutes，I came to know I wasnt going to stop at all.I began to feel a little worried.After listening to my“lovely”laughter for a few minutes，my boss couldnt help shouting angrily，“Are you mad?Youre fired(解雇)！”Suddenly I woke up.Thank God!I just had a dream.51How did the writers feelings change

25、in the story?Arelaxedangrygood BgoodexcitedworriedCgoodworriedrelaxed DworriedgoodangryC四.词义猜测题 这类问题需要根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。注意事项：注意一些过渡词语，如that is，this is，in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语

26、从句，相似或相反的结构等。常见设问方式：1.The underlined word“X”in Paragraph“X”means in Chinese.2.The Chinese meaning of the word“X”in this passage is probably3.The underlined phrase“X”in the passage probably means in Chinese.4.The underlined word“X”in Paragraph“X”is closest in meaning of5.How do you understand the und

27、erlined part“X”in the last paragraph?方式方式1语境法语境法(A卷：卷：5年年4考；考；B卷：卷：5年年3考考)根据上下文语境猜测词义是此类题型最常见的一种解题方法，需要仔细阅读生单词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案。(2020重庆A卷阅读理解E篇节选)For those new learners，the first few exercises might not go well.You may find it hard to focus(集中注意力).Wear comfortable clothes，keep peaceful in

28、your mind，try to move slowlyLittle by little，youll feel more and more harmonious with nature.You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer，walking in the forest freely.58The underlined word“harmonious”in Paragraph 5 probably means .A兴奋的B和谐的C敬畏的D肤浅的B方式方式2通过定义或释义关系猜测词义通过定义或释义关系猜测词义(A卷：卷：5年年2考；考；B卷：卷：

29、5年年1考考)下定义:that is(to say)、in other words，mean,refer to,be called/named,namely,that is,be considered等 词语后面的内容是对前面的注解性说明,相当于对前面的词下定义同位语/同位语从句:同位语(从句)是对其前解释说明,也可以帮助猜测定语从句(尤其注意w hich/who后的非限定性定语从句)标点符号:破折号(一)、冒号(：)、分号(；)后的内容;引号(“”)或括号中的内容(2018重庆A卷阅读理解C篇节选)The enzyme is able to break down PET，a form of

30、plastic.PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles.It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water.So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics.So，they decided to make small changes t

31、o the enzyme by adding some amino acids(氨基酸).It made the natural enzymes plasticeating abilities work faster and better.54The underlined phrase“break down”in the passage probably means“”in Chinese.A实验B生产C发明D分解C五.篇章结构题 文章的结构是文章部分与部分、部分与整体之间的内在联系和外部形式的统一。常见的文章结构方式为总分式，即先总述，再分说。这种关系还可以演变为“分总“或“总一分一总”的结

32、构方式。常见设问方式(1)The structure of the passage may be(2)If we put the passage into three parts，which of the following is the best?解题技巧一般来说，考生要从三个方面关注文章的句子或者段落：一是段落的主题句；二是和段落主题密切相关的细节句；三是段落或句子之间的过渡句/段。(2020重庆A卷阅读理解E篇)“Humans can develop certain abilities we arent born with by practicing animals movements,

33、”the traditional Chinese Wushu lovers believed in the past and still do today.Chinese FiveAnimal Exercises,also known as Wuqinxi,are the first complete set of qigong exercises following the movements of animals:monkeys,deer(鹿),birds,bears and tigers.They were created by one of the greatest doctors i

34、n Chinese history,Hua Tuo,more than 1,800 years ago.The FiveAnimal Exercises are welldesigned to help blood circulation(循环),and let the energy go smoothly in the body so as to improve the health.“The bear movements are good for the stomach.The tiger movements can reduce the pain in the back.The deer

35、 movements help reduce the fat around the waist(腰).The bird movements can help keep our knees healthy and the monkey movements can be good for the heart.”said Hua Yi,the 59th inheritor(继承人)of Wuqinxi.For those new learners,the first few exercises might not go well.You may find it hard to focus(集中注意力

36、).Wear comfortable clothes,keep peaceful in your mind,try to move slowly.Little by little,youll feel more and more harmonious with nature.You may even feel you become a tiger or a deer,walking in the forest freely.These exercises need no tools and they are easy to learn.You can search online for the

37、 videos and practice them at any time when you feel like relaxing your body and mind.Because its fun to practice and good for health,FiveAnimal Exercises are becoming more and more popular in recent years,not only in China,but also in many other places of the world.39.The structure of the passage ma

38、y be(=Paragraph 1=Paragraph 2=Paragraph 3=Paragraph 4=Paragraph 5=Paragraph 6)A2020年重庆中考真题年重庆中考真题 讲解讲解 B卷卷 D12get in the way 妨碍，挡路 eg:This is a public place,dont get in the way.公共场合，请别挡路 345 62020年重庆中考真题年重庆中考真题 讲解讲解 B卷卷 EFacial recognition technology(人脸识别技术）is widely used today.For example,police us

39、e it to search for bad guys.Its also used to unlock phones or doors.NowNow,a similar technology,known as facial detection(探测),is entering a new field:the business of advertising(广告).Such systems are going through tests in a small number of stores.One facial detection system can judge a persons happi

40、ness or fear level.That helps businesses see how people feel as they lo at products or advertisements in the store.Another system can detect whether someone is wearing eyeglasses.If so stores can send advertisements for new glasses to him.,1234Facial detection technology is alsoalso placed inside so

41、me large advertising boards.Cameras in those boards can detect information like peoples ages and five levels of feelingsfrom very happy to very unhappy.Supporters of the technology say it could improve buyers experience by showing products they might like or by offering them products at lower prices

42、.Some are against the idea of using such systems.Pam Dixon,the head of a privacy(隐私)group,is one of them.She thinks .For example,a business could raise the price of a product according to a persons age and feelings.HoweverHowever,one store testing the technology explained they wouldnt store peoples

43、information like names or ages.And the advertising board system maker said it didnt keep any personal information or record any videos.,456.721.Facial detection technology can tell peoples _,according to the passage.A.weightB.feelingsC.heightD.jobs2.Which of the following sentences can be put in the

44、 _?A.nobody likes to have their feelings collectedB.it is very important to protect peoples privacyC.the strange actions may cause something unfairD.businesses may use them to have more customers3.We can infer from the passage that facial detection technology _.A.can detect buyers names and record t

45、hemB.is put inside some large advertising boardsC.may be used to sell cheaper goods in all storesD.may need some time before being widely used4.The best title of the passage may be_.A.Facial Recognition Technology Entering a New FieldB.Facial Recognition Technology Looking for Bad GuysC.Facial Detec

46、tion Technology Going into Advertising FieldD.Facial Detection Technology Improving Buyers Experience1.细节理解题。由划线可知，人脸检测系统可以说出人们的感受。故选B.2.词句猜测题。由划线可知，这个技术可以根据人的年龄和感受抬高产品价格，这种行为相对来说是不公平的。结合所给选项，此空填C选项符合语境，表示“这种奇怪的行为可能会引起某些不公平的事情”。故选C3.推理判断题。由划线部分可知这种系统正在少数商店里进行测试，且能推断，人脸探测技术是有争议的，在被广泛使用之前还需要一段时间，故选D4.标题归纳题。根据划线可知，本文主要讲述人脸检测系统在商业广告领域的应用。故选C