广东省深圳市龙岗区百合外国语中学2023年九年级英语中考说明文阅读理解训练(难).docx

1、2022-2023学年英语百合外国语中学中考说明文阅读理解训练(难)一In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk,fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learnmigration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds,gain the distance anddirection of their migr

2、ation within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.Another group of migrators does not quite fiteither model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Takethe Corys shearwater, an oceangoing se

3、a bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The youngdo not migrate with their parents, so culture cannotexplain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual,making genetics equally unlikely.Corys shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully

4、 before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.Researchers call this the exploration-refinement，and until now it hasbeen hypothetical（假设的）because of difficulties in tracking migratory animalsmovements.But a team of researchers has done that by

5、attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine.They found that youngerbirds traveled longer distances,for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds.We finally have evidence of the exploration-refinementfor migratory birds,says Letizia Campioni,who led t

6、he study. Younger Corys shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adultsbut they do not,suggesting that the young do more exploring,which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies,exploration refinement could be

7、beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,says Barbara Frei.It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfectedlong ago but might no longer be safe.1.What is the first paragra

8、ph mainly about?A.It describes animalshabitats.B.It talks about migration models.C.It compares different species.D.It introduces a tracking technology. 2.What does the underlined word thisin paragraph 3 refer to?A.The opening for learning and practice. B.The unique living habit of Corys shearwaters.

9、 C.The way Corys shearwaters form their migration patterns. D.The process scientists track Corys shearwatersmovements. 3. What does Letizias study find about the younger Corys sheawaters?A.They travel as much as adult birds.B.They move in a predictable manner. C.They lower the speed for exploration.

10、 D.They look for a course with their parents. 4.What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. Man-made changes make migration easier. B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track. C.Course exploration contributes to birdsadaptability. D.A combination of strategies assures migration success.二Re

11、search into social robots has shown that machines that are at the cutting edge of interaction can respond to feelings and emotionally care for the weak, the elderly and children. Robin was designed as a companion robot to provide emotional support for children receiving medical treatment. Robin expl

12、ains medical procedures to them, plays games and tells stories, and during treatment distracts them to reduce their sense of pain. The robot uses AI to understand other peoples feelings, remembering facial expressions and conversations to build dialogue for follow-up sessions. In trials at the Wigmo

13、re Medical （UK） Pediatric Clinic in Yerevan, Armenia, the team found that Robin led to a 34% decrease in stress and an increase in happiness of 26% in the 120 children who interacted with him at least once. Healthcare robots could all benefit from displaying emotional intelligence, both recognizing

14、and responding to human emotions, and to some extent, managing them. The problem with this is the fear that human jobs may be lost as robots become better at handling social situations. Population trends suggest that the demand for robots to work alongside people in care situations will grow over ti

15、me. By 2050, the number of people aged 65 and over globally will be 1. 6 billion （17%）, roughly twice the proportion of what it is today. An extra 3. 5 million care workers will be needed and that will include emotionally intelligent robots. Todays simple systems are being trained to meet that deman

16、d. This includes a little wheeled robot that can guess how you are feeling from the way you walk, and the robot from the University of Lincoln in the UK - who helps elderly people to stay physically and mentally active. The impact of social robots on our lives to date has been tiny. But new models a

17、re being introduced that could make the breakthrough. Human emotions are difficult to define, but as trust in robots increases, breaking down the psychological barrier becomes easier to imagine. 1. What are social robots uniquely capable of?A. Lifting heavy packages upstairs for weak people. B. Teac

18、hing mentally ill teens emotional expressions. C. Cooking delicious dishes for the disabled at home. D. Playing songs for blind people on their request. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Robins function to reduce pain. B. Robins popularity in hospitals. C. Robins practical application. D. Robin

19、s success in passing tests. 3. How is paragraph 4 developed?A. By concluding viewpoints. B. By analyzing causes. C. By making comparison. D. By giving definition. 4. What does the author think of human job replacement by robots?A. It is already happening throughout UK. B. Humans need to work hard to

20、 secure jobs. C. Robots can only meet basic human needs. D. Its an unstoppable and beneficial trend. 三As a permaculture designer (朴门永续设计师) and consultant, I have been involved with a range of ecosystem restoration projects. These include both small-scale and landscape-scale projects to repair damage

21、to degraded environments, boost biodiversity,and build toward a better future.It isclear to me, asit will no doubt be clear to readers, that ecosystemrestoration iscrucial.As we seek to ease and adapt to climate change, and work to reverse (逆转) biodiversity losses, restorationisanimportantpartoftheg

22、lobalsolution.Butwhileitiswidelyunderstoodthatecosystem restoration is the right thing to do, there is far less understanding about what exactly itmeans, and how it is to be achieved.Oneof the most obvious misunderstandings about ecosystem restoration is that it is all about action, especially plant

23、ing trees. It is important to understand that forest and woodland ecosystems are not the only crucial environments to restore. Ecosystem restoration consists of a huge range of different systems from farmland soils and grassland systems to our seas and oceans.Ecosystemrestorationisnotalwaysaboutacti

24、velyintervening(干预).Inmanyinstances,passive intervention canbejust aseffective, if notmore so,than active. This involves simply lettingnaturetakethereins(掌管).Inshort,inecosystemrestoration,whatwedontdocanbeas important as what we do. Often nature already has the answers. But there are situations in

25、whichhumans have damagedthe environmentto sucha degree thatnatural restorationis impossible. This is when carefully designed action is required.Anotherkeythingtorememberisthatwecannotsucceedinecosystemrestorationwithoutlocal peoples involvement or, ideally, their leadership. When a communityfeels a

26、sense of belonging and a deep connection with the land, this provides a firm foundation for future conservation and restoration work.WhileIdisliketakinganoverlyhuman-centeredview,environmentalissuescannotbeseparated in our complex modern world from socio-economic ones. We needto look at people and t

27、he planet as a whole and appreciate the complex web of human life and its interaction with thenaturalworldinordertoformpracticalrestorationsolutions.Itisimportanttounderstandhownaturecanboomandstillprovidehumanswiththethingsweneed.Itisonlywhenweconsider the natural environment and human society as i

28、nterconnected that we can really continue to make progress.1.Which shows the proper understanding of ecosystem restoration?A. Community-led efforts should be reduced.B. Ecosystem restoration involves a variety of systems.C. Direct action on forest ecosystems should be avoided.D. The more trees we pl

29、ant, the better the ecosystems will be.2.In what case is active intervention a must?A. Nature fails to restore itself to health.B. The cost of passive intervention is high.C. A large population relies on natural resources.D. Active intervention can improve the local economy.3.According to the last p

30、aragraph, what should be done to make practical restoration plans?A. Focusing on the interests of us humans.B. Making nature conservation a top priority.C. Conducting a survey of local natural resources.D. Taking both social factors and nature into account.4.What is mainly talked about in the text?A

31、. How people can benefit from ecosystem restoration.B. What challenge people face in ecosystem restoration.C. How we can repair damaged ecosystems more effectively.D. Why ecosystem restoration becomes increasingly urgent.四If you have trouble falling asleep, listen up. You might fall asleep 15 minute

32、s earlier and wake up far less during the night if you put on a pair of socks at bedtime.To understand why, you first need to grasp the relationship between core body temperature and sleep. During daylight hours, the human body has an average temperature of 37. But your core body temperature drops a

33、s much as 1.2 over one nights sleep. This gradual decrease is a key part of how we sleep. Put simply, the faster you can lower your core body temperature, the faster you will fall asleep.One way that your body controls its temperature is through blood vessels (血管)in the skin. If your body is too hot

34、, your blood vessels widen, pushing the warmer blood nearer the skins surface, helping it to cool. If your body is too cold, the opposite happens. Your blood vessels narrow, restricting the flow of blood to the surface.The palms of your feet are one of your bodys most efficient heat exchangers, sinc

35、e they are hairless and less protected than other skin surfaces. Researchers have shown that warming the feet before going to sleep using a warm foot bath or by wearing socks promotes blood vessel widening. which in turn lowers the bodys core temperature faster than going to sleep with cold, bare fe

36、et.Scientists suspect that socked feet have a sleep-benefiting effect on the brain as well. The warm-sensitive neurons(神经元)in the brain become more active when theres a temperature difference between the bodys core and the feet. Researchers have found that these neurons become more active as we get

37、sleepy and slow down as we wake up, so that warming up the feet before bedtime may give them an extra drive, making you feel sleepier.In a small study, researchers found that wearing a pair of special “sleeping socks not only sped up the coming of sleep, but increased overall sleep time by an averag

38、e of 30 minutes and cut nighttime waking episodes in half. If youre worried about becoming too warm, look for socks made of natural fibers.1. In which section of a newspaper can we find this text?A. Lifestyle. B. Trend. C. Opinion. D. Advertisement. 2. What change does warm feet bring to the body?A.

39、 Slowed brain reaction. B. Narrowed blood vessels. C. Decreased blood pressure. D. Reduced core body temperature. 3. How might the brains warm-sensitive neurons help sleep?A. To help to warm up the feet.B. To speed up temperature growth.C. To bring on sleepiness when activated.D. To slow down the br

40、ains blood flow. 4. What is the finding of the small study mentioned in the last paragraph?A. The warmth of socks depends on their material. B. People wearing socks fall asleep 50 percent faster. C. Special socks increase temperature more effectively. D. Sock wearing helps people sleep longer and wa

41、ke less.五While the benefits of Zoom and other videoconferencing tools made them absolutely essential in the pandemic (疫情), the research suggests that heavy reliance on the technology comes at a cost to creative thinking.Brucks at Columbia University and her team started their investigation when mana

42、gers reported having trouble innovating with remote workers. Brucks doubted whether videoconferencing was a factor suspecting that difficulties coordinating (协调) large, global teams online might be to blame instead.To find out, the researchers analysed ideas for new products generated by 1,490 engin

43、eers for a multinational company. The engineers, who were in Finland, Hungary, India, Israel and Portugal, were randomly paired up and given an hour or so to brainstorm products either in person or over videoconferencing. They then selected their best idea.Writing in Nature, the researchers report t

44、hat the engineers produced more ideas, and more innovative ideas, when working face to face. “They are not only generating a larger number of creative ideas, but their best idea is better,” Brucks said. Virtual teams were just as good at selecting the best ideas from a bunch as those that met in per

45、son.“Visual focus is a huge component of cognitive (认知) focus. When youre focused on the screen and ignoring the rest of the environment, that affects how you approach the task,” said Brucks. “Its uniquely bad for creativity because its inhibiting broader exploration.”Brucks said the impact on the r

46、eal world “could be huge”, leading to a division of labour between face-to-face and virtual meetings that could “permanently reshape the office and work schedules”. But she urged businesses to be cautious, because if virtual meetings are cheaper than in-person ones, they may still be more cost-effec

47、tive.Asked for tips, Brucks said people could save more creative tasks for in-person meetings, or turn off their camera when coming up with ideas. “I think it unlocks more creative thinking,” she said.1. Why did Brucks conduct the research?A. To prove her assumption.B. To clarify a new concept.C. To

48、 make a comparison.D. To explain a rule.2. What is the finding of the research?A. Face-to-face gatherings promote cross-culture ties.B. Workers think less creatively in virtual meetings.C. Individual work generates more innovative ideas.D. Videoconferencing has an irreplaceable role.3. What does the underlined word “inhibiting” in paragraph 5 mean?A. Encouraging.B. Requiring.C. Beginning.D. Preventing.4. What does Brucks say about virtual meetings?A. They should be used accordingly.B. Theyll make office workers divided.