Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and expressions（ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx

1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE逆境与勇气Warriors are on the thorny path.勇士是在充满荆棘的道路上前行的。in adversity 在困境/逆境中 in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中in trouble 在麻烦中 in need 在危难/贫困中in difficulty/difficulties 在困难中(pl.adversities)n.困境；逆境wages of 200 a week 一星期200英镑的工资offer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上调工资 (pl.wages)n.工资 wage n.工资(小时

2、/天/周工资)salary n.(月)工资;薪水(也可用来表示年薪)pay n.工资;薪水get a rise/raise:涨工资The medicine tastes rather bitter.Its been bitterly cold here in Moscow.The bitter quarrels have finally ended their relationship.She is very bitter about losing her job.味苦的 严寒的 激烈而不愉快的 愤恨的bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地;极其bitterness n.苦味;痛苦;悲痛;酷

3、烈单句语法填空单句语法填空Im still _ the whole affair.He _(bitter)regretted his rudeness.bitter aboutbitterlyObserve the sentenceson the left.endure hardship 吃苦beyond endurance 忍无可忍 n.忍耐力；耐久力 endure v.忍受;持续be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛精力充沛vigorous vrs adj.精力充沛的精力充沛的;充满活力的充满活力的;朝气蓬勃的朝气蓬勃的vigorously/energetically

4、adv.精力充沛精力充沛地地;活泼地活泼地n.精力；力量；活力 energy n.精力;力量;活力;能源energetic adj.精力旺盛/充沛的1.We have turned down four applicants already.2.Can you turn the TV down?Im trying to work.However,when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified.(P38)拒绝(

5、提议、建议或提议人);调低,关小turn on/off 打开/关掉(水、煤气、电灯等)turn to 求助于;致力于;翻到;转向(to是介词)turn into 变成 turn in 上交(物品)turn up 调大，开大(音量等);突然露面turn out that.结果是 turn over 翻转;仔细考虑;移交;转让Observe the sentenceson the left.reject/refuse 1.I often _ my classmates or teachers for help.As a result,I have made steady progress in m

6、y studies.2.It is already nine oclock,but he hasnt _ yet.Just went back home.3.The job _ to be harder than we thought.4.The hall was full，and hundreds of fans had to _.turn away turn to turned upturned outsatisfysatisfiedsatisfactionqualify vt.使具有资格；证明合格 vi.取得资格；有资格qualification n.资格；资历；学历1.She hasn

7、t graduated from college,so she is not qualified for a surgeon.2.They qualified for the World Cup.3.A victory in this game will earn them qualification for the World Cup.4.I dont know much about it,so I am not qualified to comment.be qualified for sth.具有做某事的资格，知识或技能具有做某事的资格，知识或技能be/feel qualified to

8、 do sth.有资格做某事有资格做某事qualify for sth.有权；使用权有权；使用权(做某事做某事)qualify sb.for sth/to do sth.使某人具备做某事的资格使某人具备做某事的资格have the qualifications for 有资格做某事有资格做某事Observe the sentenceson the left.adj.符合资格;具备的知识（或技能、学历等）完成句子(1)In this job,experience counts for more than paper _(qualify).(2)We think this young man is

9、 not _(qualify)to do this job.(3)This training course will _(qualified)you for a better job.(4)The test will qualify you (drive)the new car.qualificationsqualifiedqualifyto drive1.Though Jack was lacking in experience,he made up for it in _(enthusiastic).2.Im sure the magazine will appeal to you,for

10、 youve been enthusiastic _ sports.3.他总是热心助人。enthusiasmabout He is always enthusiastic to help others.enthusiastically adv.热心热心/满腔热情地满腔热情地;极感兴趣的极感兴趣的7.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的热情的；热心的be enthusiastic about.对极感兴趣的；对充满热情的be enthusiastic to do sth.对做某事充满热情enthusiasm Un.热心；热忱；热情热心；热忱；热情enthusiast n.热心者热心者a

11、board the plane/ship/bus/train 在飞机在飞机/船船/公共汽车公共汽车/火车上火车上go/get aboard the plane/ship/bus/train 登机登机/上船上船/公共汽车公共汽车/火车火车 adv.&prep.上上(船、飞机、公共汽车等船、飞机、公共汽车等)board n.板子板子;地板地板;董事会董事会 v.abroad adv.到国外到国外;去国外去国外;在国外在国外kitchen cupboards 厨柜厨柜 built-in cupboards 壁橱壁橱 (pl.cupboards)n.橱柜橱柜;壁橱壁橱;衣柜衣柜 He assigned

12、 me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men,three times a day.(Page 38)assignment n.分配的工作、任务分配的工作、任务assign sth.to sb./assign sb.sth.把把分配给分配给assign sb.(to sth./as sth.)指定指定;指派指派assign sb.to do sth.派某人做某事派某人做某事(1)The teacher assigned a different task _ each of the children.(2)You ne

13、ed to complete three _(assign)each week.toassignmentsvt.分配，分派，分配，分派，指派指派(任务任务)，布置布置stewardess n.(轮船/飞机/火车上的)女乘务员;女服务员servant n.仆人;佣人;公务员;雇员passenger n.乘客;旅客 n.(轮船/飞机/火车上的)男乘务员;男服务员(pl.stewards)(pl.stewardesses)12.envy n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌envied sb.for(doing)sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事out of envy 出于羡慕/嫉妒with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒

14、地envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的be envious of sb.羡慕/嫉妒某人envied-envied1.They envied the young woman for _(earn)so much,strarting to freeze her out.2.They say such scandalous things about you out of envy.Dont take them seriously.3.Tom was _(envy)of his brothers success in business.enviousearning翻译下列句子。1.出于嫉妒，他几乎不

15、和Tom说话。Out of envy,he hardly talk with Tom.2.羡慕同事们的收入，他决定努力工作。(形容词作状语)Envious of his colleagues income,he determined to work hard.get crushed 被压碎被压碎 vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎毁坏；压坏；压碎 n.拥挤的人群拥挤的人群crash v./n.坠毁坠毁;猛撞猛撞;碰撞碰撞;撞击撞击crowd n.人群人群;群众群众;观众观众 v.拥挤拥挤;挤满挤满;塞满塞满 (sank/sunk-sunk)vi.沉没沉没;下沉下沉;下降下降 vt.使下沉使下沉;使沉没使沉

16、没n.水槽，水池水槽，水池be sunk in sth.陷入不快（或沉思）中陷入不快（或沉思）中sink to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底沉入海底15.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n.放任/纵abandon oneself to(介词)沉溺/纵情于；abandon doing.放弃做with abandon 恣意/放纵地;尽情地abandoned adj.被抛弃的；报废的；自暴自弃的1.Please dont abandon yourself _ computer games.2.The young man abandoned himself to _(d

17、rink)because of his failure in cause.3.The little boy claimed that his parents had abandoned _(raise)him.4.At the party,people sang and danced with abandon,totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.5.纵情于享乐，这个农场主荒废了他的土地。(非谓语作状语)Abandoning himself to pleasure,the farmer makes his land abandoned.d

18、rinkingaddict oneself todrown oneself intoraisingbe abandoned to(doing)沉湎于沉湎于 n.炉具；厨房灶具炉具；厨房灶具(pl.stoves)a gas/wood-burning stove 烧煤气烧煤气/木柴的火炉木柴的火炉cook v.煮煮;烹饪烹饪;烹调烹调 n.厨师厨师;炊事员炊事员cooker n.炊具炊具;厨具厨具 n.毯子毯子(pl.blankets)v.覆盖，笼罩覆盖，笼罩 adj.全面的，无一例外的全面的，无一例外的;通用的通用的a blanket of fog/snow/cloud 厚厚的一层雾厚厚的一层雾

19、/雪雪/云云carpet kpt:n.地毯地毯belongings n.财物；动产belonging n.归属belong vi.属于belong to 属于；是的成员不用于进行时和被动语态不用于进行时和被动语态(用复数)1.Look after your personal _(belong)while waiting for the bus.2.As the president addressed at the graduation ceremony,struggling for our dreams offers us a sense of _(belong).3.The contents

20、 of shipwrecks belong _ the state.4.It is known to us that China is a country which _(belong)to the Third World.belongs belongingsbelongingto n.班卓琴班卓琴(乐器乐器)(pl.banjos)a banjo lover 乡村歌曲爱好者乡村歌曲爱好者 play the banjo 弹班卓琴弹班卓琴misery un.痛苦20.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的miserably adv.痛苦地;艰苦地;我多么惨呀！How miserable I

21、 was！n.&vi.航海；航行航海；航行 (pl.voyages)a voyage in space 航天航天go on a voyage around the world 做一次环游世界的旅行做一次环游世界的旅行trip:n.旅行旅行(常指短途旅行常指短途旅行)journey:n.旅行旅行;旅程旅程(主要指时间较长、距离较远的陆上主要指时间较长、距离较远的陆上/水上水上/空中的旅空中的旅行行)tour:n.旅游旅游;观光观光(距离可长可短距离可长可短)travel:n.旅旅行行 (泛指旅行的行为泛指旅行的行为)n.海军；海军部队海军；海军部队 (pl.navies)join the nav

22、y 参加海军参加海军join the army 参加陆军参加陆军 join the air force 参加空军参加空军 Chinese Navydecent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的decently adv.正派地，高雅地I no longer use drugs and I struggle to lead a decent life.decency n.正派;正直;体面;社会上高尚文雅行为的标准 adj.温馨的；舒适的温馨的；舒适的(比较级比较级:cosier 最高级最高级:cosiest)cosily/cozily adv.舒适地舒适地;惬意地惬意地cosiness/cozi

23、ness n.舒适，安逸舒适，安逸I feel cosy after coming back my cosy little home.adj.自私的自私的 selfishly adv.自私地;任性地selfishness n.自私 selfless adj.无私的selflessly adv.无私地It be selfish/selfless of sb to do.某人做什么是自私的/无私的 adj.脾气好的脾气好的/坏的坏的 get very bad-tempered 爱发脾气爱发脾气 adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的真正的；真诚的；可信赖的(指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时指物品是真的而非

24、假冒或人造的时,常可与常可与 real 换用换用)genuineness n.真实，真正；真诚，真挚a very genuine person 非常诚实可信的人genuinely adv.真地;真正地;真诚地;诚实地fake:假的(指伪造的、冒充的)perseverance un.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神28.persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求persevere in(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事persevere with sb./sth.对.坚持不懈1.The injuried are determined to persevere in the fight.2.A good

25、 teacher have to persevere with difficult students.29.resolve resolve to do sth.决定/决心做某事resolve on(doing)sth.决定/决心(做)某事resolve that从句 决定.resolution n.决心决心/定定C;决议决议C；解决解决U;make a resolution to do sth.决心/决定做某事1.He resolved to do something to help the children he had met.=He resolved _ doing some thing

26、 to help the children he had met.=He resolved _ he would something to help the children he had met.2.How can we resolve this apparent contradiction?3.Nothing could weaken his resolve to continue.4.通过一项决议 pass/adopt/approve a resolution onthatvi.&vt.决定决定/决心；决心；解决解决(问题或困难问题或困难)un.决心决心/坚定的信念坚定的信念 n.(轮船

27、轮船/飞机等上面的飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人专业团队；一群人staff n.全体职工全体职工/雇员雇员 majority n.大多数大多数minority n.少数少数(作主语谓语可用单作主语谓语可用单 也可用复也可用复)adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelly adv.残酷地;残暴地;极度地;非常cruelty n.残酷，虐待;不公be cruel to sb/sth 对残酷/冷酷be rude to sb/sth 对无礼/粗鲁be mean to sb/sth 对.刻薄be friendly to sb/sth 对友好 be th

28、ankful/grateful to.对.感谢/感激我无法容忍虐待动物的人。（定语从句）我无法容忍虐待动物的人。（定语从句）I cant stand people who are cruel to animals.32.misfortune n.不幸不幸/厄运厄运 fortune n.大笔的钱大笔的钱/巨款【巨款【C C】；运；运气气/机遇【机遇【U U】；】；命运【常用复数】命运【常用复数】fortunate adj.幸运的幸运的unfortunate adj.不幸运的不幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地幸运地；unfortunately adv.不幸地不幸地 =lucky=un

29、lucky=luckily=unluckily=luck=unluck1.发财/致富make a/ones fortune2.碰运气seek ones fortune3.I was fortunate _(work)with a brilliant head of department.=I was fortunate _ working with a brilliant head of department.=It is fortunate _ I worked with a brilliant head of department.3.我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。I am fo

30、rtunate to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.33.be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.很幸运做某事很幸运做某事Its fortunate that从句从句（主语从句）（主语从句）很幸运很幸运to workin that adj.潮湿的；湿气重的潮湿的；湿气重的 v.弄湿弄湿;削弱削弱;抑制抑制 n.湿气湿气;潮湿潮湿(dampness)damply adv.潮湿地，衰减地潮湿地，衰减地;damp a towel 弄湿毛巾弄湿毛巾1.The Sunday papers

31、 are full of _(advertise)for cars.2.在报纸上登广告put/place an advertisement in a paper/newspaper3.在网上登广告post an advertisement advertising un.广告业广告业/广告活动广告活动advertise vt./vi.为做广告为做广告/宣传；征聘宣传；征聘/寻找寻找 advertisement cn.广告广告；advertiser cn.登广告者；广告商登广告者；广告商advertisements水面水面“粗糙的粗糙的”气流气流“粗糙的粗糙的”“粗糙的粗糙的”思考思考即不确切即不

32、确切“粗糙的粗糙的”感受感受即不舒服即不舒服“粗糙的粗糙的”环境环境即不安全即不安全道路道路“粗糙的粗糙的”36.高频词：高频词：rough 语义网络图语义网络图粗糙的粗糙的rough（基本义）（基本义）（表面）粗糙的；（表面）粗糙的；（道路）崎岖的（道路）崎岖的 （天气）恶劣的；（天气）恶劣的；有暴风雨的有暴风雨的风浪大的风浪大的粗略的粗略的艰难的；难受的艰难的；难受的多暴力的；犯罪多暴力的；犯罪率高的率高的roughly adv.粗略地粗略地;大体上大体上be rough on sb.对某人粗暴苛刻1.The wood gave off a sweet,perfumed smell as

33、it burned.2.We have 1,000 CDs to give away to our readers.3.Don worry,I wont give you away.4.The government refused to give in to their demands.5.All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday.6.Students were giving out leaflets to everyone on the street.7.My money was giving out and the

34、re were no jobs to be found.8.A gas lamp gave out pale yellowish light.9.She gave up her job and started writing poetry.give off 放出（热放出（热/光光/气味气味/气体气体）give away 赠送；泄露（秘密）赠送；泄露（秘密）/暴露暴露give in 屈服屈服/让步让步/投降；上交投降；上交give up 放弃（尤指经常做的事放弃（尤指经常做的事/努力）努力）give out 分发；分发；耗尽耗尽/用光；用光；发出（光发出（光/热热/信号）信号）mitment n

35、.承诺承诺/承诺的事承诺的事【C C】；（对组织（对组织/活动的）投入活动的）投入/奉献奉献/忠诚【忠诚【U U】；】；commit v.犯（错误犯（错误/罪行）；罪行）；投入（钱投入（钱/时间时间/人力等）；人力等）；承担义务承担义务/做出保证做出保证committed adj.尽心尽力的尽心尽力的/坚定的坚定的1.自杀commit suicide2.犯罪commit a crime3.The council has committed large amounts of money _ housing mit-committed-committed；committingtocommit to

36、 把把投入投入mit(oneself)to doing sth.某人承诺某人承诺(自己自己)做某事做某事/致力于致力于=sb.be committed to dong sth.=sb.make a commitment to doing sth.1.He clearly committed himself to _(continue)down the path of economic reform.=He was committed to continuing down the path of economic reform.=He made a commitment to continuing down the path of economic reform.continuingTHANKS