Unit 4 Words and expressions (ppt课件)-2023新人教版(2019)《高中英语》选择性必修第三册.pptx
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1、Unit4 Adversity and Couragewordsadversity n.困境;逆境Cadversities,遇到逆境 meet with/encounter adversities adverse a.不利的;相反的;敌对的 ad-负前缀 -verse=turn adverse conditions 不利条件 adverse effect不良反应 由于天气恶劣,探险活动中止了。The expedition was abandoned because of adverse weather conditions.We must learn to meet adversity gra
2、cefully.in a dilemma 处于窘境处于窘境 in trouble 处于处于麻烦麻烦中中wage n.工资 vt.开展,进行 wage n.工资(短期,苦力)weekly/hourly wage 周薪/时薪 salary(长期,脑力)a job with a low salary低薪工作 wage a trade war with China与中国开展贸易战词语辨析:词语辨析:wage,income,pay 和和salary1.wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱;通常指按周领取的工资、工钱;2.income 指收入、收益、所得;指收入、收益、所得;3.pay 指工资、薪水;指工
3、资、薪水;4.salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金bitter adj.味苦的;严寒的;激烈而不愉快的 记忆:bit-bit-bitten-biting bite a bitter gourd a bitter experience痛苦的经历 on a bitter cold winter morning shed bitter tears留下苦涩的泪水 After biting a bitter gourd,bitter tears of embarrassment streamed down his cheeks.吃了一根苦瓜后,尴尬的苦涩泪水从他脸颊流了下来
4、.As the saying goes,“A good medicine tastes bitter.”俗话说,“良药苦口”bitterly adv.痛苦地;愤恨地bitterness n.苦味;悲苦;痛苦expedition n.探险;远征;探险队 词根:ped-,pod-=foot,表示“脚”pedal vi.踩踏板;骑车 2.n.踏板;脚蹬子 go on an expedition to North pole去北极探险 同义词:exploration n.探险=geographic expedition Hes still hesitating about joining the exp
5、edition.他对于参加这次探险队仍犹豫不决。他对于参加这次探险队仍犹豫不决。endurance n.忍耐力;耐久力【U】endure vt.-dure 持续 during prep.在期间 durable a.耐用的 endure a great pain enduring a.持久的,能忍受的 endurable a.可忍受的,能持久的 unendurable 无法忍受的无法忍受的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍忍无可忍 show remarkable endurance 表现出非凡的忍耐力vigour(NAmE vigor)n.精力;力量;活动U be full of vi
6、gor 充满活力 vigorous a.有力的;精力充沛的be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛vigorous adj.充满活力的;强壮的=energeticturn sth.down 调低调低turn on/off 打开打开/关掉关掉turn out 结果是;证明是结果是;证明是turn to 求助于;翻到求助于;翻到turn in 上交;退还上交;退还turn over 翻身;翻转;移交翻身;翻转;移交turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)turn v.转弯 (单宾+系动词)n.弯 turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)turn down/up the TV 降低(调
7、高)电视的音量 turn to sb./sth.求助于某人,转向某物 turn in your homework交作业 turn on/off 打开/关闭按键 sb./sth.turn out(to be)原来是 it turns out+that 从句,原来.as it turned out,adv.事实证明quality n.质量 同根词:qualify词 v.使合格,限定 qualified adj.有资格的;具的知识 a qualified professor具有资历的教授 be highly qualified for the job 完全符合此工作的资格 be qualified
8、to do sth.有资格做某事 unqualified a.没有资历的 overqualified a.资历过高的 qualification n.合格证书,资格,学历 acquire a teaching qualification获得教师资格证 be qualified for sth有资格获得某物 Im writing to apply to join it,thinking that Im well qualified_for_the job.enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 be enthusiastic about sth./sb 同根词:enthusiasm 热
9、忱(事业)Live with a passion生活要有热情enthusiastically adv.热情地enthusiasm n.热情;热忱enthusiast n.热心者,爱好者with(great)enthusiasm(非常)热情地full of enthusiasm 充满热情board n.木板;董事会;伙食 vt.上船(机)cupboard n.橱柜 board the plane上飞机 a boarding school寄宿学校 同根词:aboard adv.&prep.上(船/飞机/汽车等)go aboard(the plane)上飞机 易混词:abroad adv.国外地;到
10、国外 go abroad 去国外 both at home and abroad adv.国内外 abroad同根词 broad a.宽阔的 a broad smile/grin咧嘴笑 同根词:broaden v.使变宽 broaden ones horizonsassign vt.布置;分配(单宾/双宾/复合宾)assignment n.任务,作业 hand out/in ones assignment 布置/上交作业 handout n.(分发的)导学案 take on an assignment 承担一项任务 assign sb.sth.=assign sth.to sb.给某人分派某任
11、务/事物 assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事 He assigned me to be a steward,and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men,three times a day.On receiving the _(assign),we set out to work at once.On receiving the _(assign),we set out to work at once.一接到一接到任务,我们就立即开始工作。任务,我们就立即开始工作。assignmentassignmentsteward n.(轮船、飞
12、机或火车上的)乘务员;记忆:Stew-炖菜 ward 监护守卫管家-board 上的管家 同根词:stewardess 女乘务员 通用词:attendant 服务生envy n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 词源:来自一种古老的巫术named“邪恶之眼”(evil eye)envy 七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed贪心/gluttony贪吃/sloth懒散/envy嫉妒/lust欲 同根词envious a.羡慕的 jealous a.嫉妒的 be the envy of sb/sth 成为.羡慕/忌妒的对象 He couldnt conceal his envy of me。他掩饰不住对
13、我的忌妒crush vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎单宾()n.拥挤的人群;迷恋的人 同义词:crash n.v.碰撞 a.速成的 car/plane crash pile-up crash course 同根词:crushing a.毁坏性的 crushed a.被压碎的 a crushing defeat 一次惨败 a crushing blow一次沉重的打击 crushed peanuts花生碎 have a crush on sb.(短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人)和迷恋的对象约会对他来说是长久以来发生的最好的事情.Dating his crush has been the best thing
14、that ever happened to him since a long time ago.sink-sank/sunk-sunk下沉;vt.使下沉;n.洗碗池 sink into the sea沉入大海 I felt her nails sink into my wrist.我感觉她的指甲抠进了我的手腕里。She sank into the chair,not knowing what to do next.她颓然地倒在椅子上,不知道下一步做什么。sbs heart sinks My heart sank when I saw how much assignment I had left
15、.我看到我留下那么多任务,心顿时沉了下去。Watching the beautiful sinking sun,Mr.King was sunk in thought.看着美丽的落日,金先生陷入了沉思中。abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃(主动)词根:band-带子v.联合 a-负前缀-band联合-解开;放弃 abandon sb./(doing)sth遗弃某人/放弃(做)某物 abandon oneself to sth./be abandoned to sth.沉溺于某事 a teenager abandoned to the internet 沉迷网络的少年 Abandoned t
16、o online games,Peng Zijuns brother,the internet addict/abuser,didnt do any homework in the last monthly break.Soon,he became an abandoned child.沉溺于网络游戏无法自拔,彭子俊的弟弟这个网瘾君子上次月假没有做任何作业.很快,他就成为了一个被抛弃的孩纸.He abandoned himself to grief because of his wifes death.由于妻子的去世,他陷入了悲痛之中。n.放任;放纵with abandon 放纵地stove
17、n.炉具;厨房灶具blanket n.毯子 v.以厚层覆盖 a blanket of snow一层厚厚的雪 The ground was soon blanketed with snow.地面很快铺上了一层厚厚的积雪。belongings n.pl.财物;动产 personal belongings 个人财物 A sense of belonging 归属感 Belong vi.应被放在;属于(+to)(唔被动式)记忆:be-成为+long长久-想其成为长久拥有的东西 Where does the book belong?此书应归何处?Penguins belong to the bird f
18、amily,not amphibian.企鹅属于鸟科,而不是两栖类。Xinxing county belongs to Yunfu city.新兴县隶属云浮市。All his belongings were burnt in the fire.他所有的财物都在大火中付之一炬。同类表达:savings(积蓄),earnings(工资,),leavings(剩饭),surroundings(环境)。miserable adj.痛苦的;令人难受的 feel miserable 感觉痛苦(修饰人)a thoroughly miserable failure一个彻底可悲的失败(修饰物)miserably
19、 poor a.极度地贫困 同根词:misery n.痛苦,悲惨 make sbs life a misery v.让人痛苦 Put sb out of ones misery结束某人/动物的生命或消除疑虑miserably adv.痛苦地cosy adj.温馨的;舒适的navy n.海军;海军部队navy blue深蓝色decent adj.得体的;正派的;穿好衣服的 词根:dec-;dcor=beauty美;装饰 a decent job/salary/citizen perfectly decent a.非常体面 You need to learn to knock,what if so
20、meone is not decent?派生词:indecent conduct/photos下流的行为;淫秽的照片 decency n.体面 His behavior showed a total lack of common decency.他的举止显示他连起码的礼节都不懂。cosy=cozy adj.温馨的;舒适的 cosier,cosiest I felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire.坐在炉火旁,我感到又暖和又舒服。a cosy little room温馨的小房间(修饰物)feel cosy and warm感觉温暖舒适(修饰人)a cosy f
21、eeling 惬意的感觉selfish adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 extremely selfish极度自私 selfishness n.自私 selfless a.无私的selflessly adv.无私地;忘我地temper n.脾气;性情 同根词:temperature good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 a short/quick temper n.急性子 lose ones temper v.发脾气 fly into a temper勃然大怒genuine adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 同根词:genius 真诚的人才能是天才 i
22、ngenuous(in内-genu产生-ous=出自内心的)smile天真无邪的笑容 a genuine painting of Picasso毕加索真迹 genuine gold/leather真金/皮 genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心 a very genuine person非常诚实可信的人genuinely adv.perseverance n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 show great perseverance in the face of adversities面对逆境表现出极大毅力 with perseverance adv.坚持不懈地
23、 persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求(per始终+severe=始终诚恳=坚持不懈)persevere in/with ones study.坚持不懈地学习 persevere to the end vi.坚持到底The English teacher encouraged us to persevere in practicing our spoken English.英语老师鼓励我们坚持不懈地练习我们的英语口语。She persevered with her violin lessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。resolve vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(
24、问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念resolve v 解决(困难)(re再+solve=再松开=解决)。dissolve v 溶解,分解(dis分开+solve=松开分散=溶解)absolute a 绝对的,无限制的(ab不+solute=决不松开=绝对的)resolve a problem解决问题 resolve to do sth.决心做某事 a fully resolved problem n.一个完全解决的问题 strengthen ones resolve v.坚定了决心Resolution n.resolution n.决议;解决;分辨率 resolute a.坚决的;果断的 a s
25、atisfactory resolution to the problem令人满意的解决方案 make a resolution to do sth.决定做某事 Influenced by my friends,I resolved to improve my spoken English.受朋友的影响,我决心提高我的英语口语。crew n.(轮船、飞机等)全体工作人员;一群人 None of the passengers and crew were injured.没有一个乘客和机组人员受伤。cruel adj.残酷的;残忍的:冷酷的 be cruel to.cruel truth/game
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