Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures （ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、 To be familiar with the function of past participles as the predicative and the adverbialTo learn to express feelings and describe situationsTo use past participles freely in their communication一.过去分词作表语总是在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受.该句中的过去分词closed“关闭的”可以看作一个形容词，作表语成分，用来修饰名词the store“这家店”，表示其关闭的。该句中过

2、去分词written“已写的”可以看作一个形容词，来修饰名词the novel这部小说”，做其表语成分。用法用法1.过去分词可放在连系动词过去分词可放在连系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态态,相当于一个相当于一个形容词。形容词。Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing wit

3、h those toys.终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。amused(愉快的愉快的)；broken(碎了的碎了的)；closed(关闭的关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的有经验的);delighted(高兴的高兴的)；lost(丢失的丢失的)；gone(遗失的遗失的)；disappointed(失望的失望的)；worried(担忧的担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的感兴趣的)；tired(疲劳的疲劳的)；pleased(高兴的高兴的)；satisfied(满意的满意的)；surprised

4、(吃惊的吃惊的);married(已婚的已婚的)；known(著名的著名的)等等 常见的作表语的常见的作表语的V-ed有有:V-edV-ed作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词；作表语，强调主语的特点或状态，相当于形容词；被动语态被动语态中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟中，句子主语是动作的承受者，后面常跟by。Eg：The library is now closed(状态状态)图书馆现在关闭了。图书馆现在关闭了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday(动作动作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。用法用法2.2.V

5、-edV-ed作表语，构成的系表结构与作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态被动语态的区别的区别:有些过去分词（短语）源于有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构系表结构，作状，作状语时语时不表动作而表状态不表动作而表状态。be dressed inbe lost in 沉浸在沉浸在be devoted to 致力于致力于be supposed to 应该应该be located in 位于位于be buried in 专心于专心于be compared withbe seated be prepared forbe determined to dobe tired of 厌烦厌烦be absorbed i

6、nbe born inbe occupied in 忙于忙于用法用法3.V-ed与与V-ing作表语的区别：作表语的区别：We are _(interest)in the film.The film is _(interest)to us.Michelle sounded _(excite)to hear the news.The news sounded _(excite).过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作译作“感到感到的的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作作“令人令人的的”

7、。interestedinterestingexcitedexciting用法用法3.V-ed与与V-ing作表语的区别：作表语的区别：We are _(interest)in the film.The film is _(interest)to us.Michelle sounded _(excite)to hear the news.The news sounded _(excite).过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作译作“感到感到的的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作作“

8、令人令人的的”。interestedinterestingexcitedexciting1.A.Nobody was in the story he told.B.The story he told was very .(interested,interesting)2 A.Everybody was to hear the news.B.The news is very indeed.(excited,exciting)3.A.The result of the test was rather .B.He was very at the result of the test.(disappo

9、inted,disappointing)4.A.What he said was very .B.I was very at the sight.(amused,amusing)基础练习:interestedinterestingexcitingexciteddisappointingdisappointedamusing amused巩固练习 1._(seat)at the table,my father and I were talking about my job.2._(dress)in her most beautiful skirt,the girl tried to make h

10、erself _(notice)at the party.3.When I found it,I was both _(amaze)and delighted.4._ (disappoint)at the examination results,the top student sat there in stony silence.5._(devote)to the Party,the young soldier gave his life for his country.6._(face)with a difficult situation,Arnold decided to ask his

11、boss for advice.7.When he heard the _(move)story,he was deeply _(move).8.From the _（please）expression on his face we can guess he has passed the driving test.9._(lost)in the forest,the boy burst into tears.10.You may be _(worry)if you have a _ (worry)problem.SeatedDressedFacedDevotedDisappointednoti

12、cedamazedLostpleasedworriedworryingmovedmoving二、过去分词作状语过去分词表示完成或被动，作状语时，表示动作发生的背景或者情况，在意义上相当于一个状语从句，其省略的主语（逻辑主语）是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在被动关系。过去分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式、原因、让步等。过去分词的否定式是将not放在其前面。例:Given more time,we could do it much better.逻辑主语被动关系 Looked at from a distance,the painting seems much more beautifulWhen

13、 it is looked at from a distance,the painting seems much more beautiful当从远处看时，这幅画似乎更美了。过去分词作状语，可以表示过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方时间、原因、条件、让步、方式式或伴随情况等，相当于一个或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句状语从句。1.1.时间状语时间状语 Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.2.2.原因状语原因状语 Since/As she was given advice by the famous detectiv

14、e,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Because it was done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.Given more time,we will do better.3.3.条件状语 If we are given more time,we will do better.4.4.让步状语Even if invited,I will not ta

15、ke part in the party.Even if I am invited,I will not take part in the party.5.5.方式或伴随状语The old man walked in the park,supported by his wife.The old man walked in the park and was supported by his wife.1.作时间状语，可转换为when,while或after等引导的状语从句。2.作条件状语，可转换为if,once或unless等引导的状语从句。3.作原因状语，可转换为as,since或becaus

16、e等引导状语从句。5.作让步状语，可转换为although,though或even if等引导的状语从句。4.作方式或伴随状语，则可转换为and并列结构。过去分词（短语）作状语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、方式过去分词（短语）作状语，表时间、条件、原因、让步、方式或伴随等情况或伴随等情况,相当于一个状语从句。相当于一个状语从句。1.Seeing from the hill,you will find the city looks like a big garden.从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系

17、主谓关系)2.Seen from the hill,the city looks like a big garden.从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语:现在分词作状语：现在分词作状语：Difference:现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。观察下列句子，说出过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别观察下列句子，说出过去分词和现在分词作状语时的区别.过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。

18、1.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when,while,if,though,as if,unless,until等，以使句意表达得更清楚。Eg.Unless constantly repeated,the English words are easily forgotten.When asked why she came here,the girl kept silent.2.有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动不表示被动而重在描述重在描述 主语的状态主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷失的迷失的),seated

19、(坐坐),hidden(隐藏的隐藏的),lost/absorbed in(沉浸于沉浸于),dressed in(穿着穿着)等。Lost in thought,he didnt hear the bell.注意事项注意事项1.Nervously _(face)with challenges,I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words“Be yourself”.(2019高考北京卷改高考北京卷改)developedfaced2.The manager was satisfied to see many new products _(de

20、velop)after great effort.(2014四川卷四川卷)高考链接高考链接3.Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period,_ (exceed)the expected number of 12000 held by market analysts.(2018江苏卷江苏卷)exceedingOrderedAbsorbed5._(absorb)in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.(2015天津卷天津卷)4._(order)over a week ago,th

21、e books are expected to arrive any time.(2016北京卷北京卷)高考链接高考链接巩固练习 用所给词的适当形式填空 _(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.Children,when _(accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium._(found)in the early 20th century,the school keeps on in

22、spiring childrens love of art._(translate)into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,_(tell)me stories till I fell asleep.Where is Jimmy?Just now I saw him sitting under the tree,_(absorb)in his video games.Raisedabsorbed accompaniedtellingTranslatedFounded