Unit 4 词汇单词讲解（ppt课件）-2023新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、Unit 4 History and Traditions配套单词表-详细讲解 Confucius n.孔子孔子Confucian knfju:n adj.孔子的；儒学的；儒家的孔子的；儒学的；儒家的 Confucian school 儒家学派儒家学派 Confucius Institute 孔子学院孔子学院 Temple of Confucius/Confucius Temple 孔庙孔庙mansion n.公馆；宅第公馆；宅第A Dream in Red Mansion 红楼梦(the Story of the Stone)cemetery n.墓地；公墓墓地；公墓funeral(cere

2、mony)n.葬礼；丧礼philosophy n.哲学哲学 philosopher flsf n.哲学家哲学家PHD=Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士学位哲学博士学位Cemetery of Confucius 墓地 孔林grave/tomb n.坟墓gravestone/tombstone n.墓碑coffin n.棺材descendant n.后裔；后代；子孙后裔；后代；子孙e.g.Many of them are descendants of the original settlers.他们中许多人都是早期移民的后裔。Chinese descendant 炎黄子孙炎黄子孙

3、 descend dsnd v.下降；落下下降；落下 例：The plane began to descent.飞机开始降落。She descended the stairs slowly.她缓慢地走下楼梯。ancestor n.祖先；祖宗祖先；祖宗forefather n.祖先祖先individual a.单独的；个别的；独特的单独的；个别的；独特的 n.个人个人individual requirements 个别需求个别需求 individual well-being 个人幸福个人幸福individual freedoms 个人自由个人自由 individual privacy 个人隐私个

4、人隐私e.g.One of the oldest competitors won the individual silver medal.其中一个年纪最大的参赛者赢得了个人银牌。All our courses are personalized to the needs of the individual.我们的全部课程都是针对个人需要设计的。What can you do as an individual?作为个人你能做些什么呢？Each individual learns differently?每个人的学习方式都不一样。Achilles heel 阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点阿喀琉斯的脚跟，

5、致命的弱点 阿喀琉斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗阿喀琉斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗伊利亚特伊利亚特里的里的主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿忒提丝主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿忒提丝所生的儿子。阿喀琉斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻所生的儿子。阿喀琉斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)(Styx)圣水里浸泡。因此阿喀琉斯浑身像钢筋铁圣水里浸泡。因此阿喀琉斯浑身像钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲

6、的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿喀琉斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿喀琉斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)(Apollo)把阿喀琉斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿喀琉斯终把阿喀琉斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿喀琉斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，

7、负伤而死。于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。e.g.Lack of confidence is his Achilles heel.a wet blanket 扫兴的人或事情 rain cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨；倾盆大雨laugh ones head off 大笑不止；狂笑不止childs play 很容易的事 last straw 救命稻草 a lucky dog 幸运儿类似短语类似短语rest on ones laurels 固步自封固步自封,吃老本吃老本look to ones laurels 小心保持荣誉小心保持荣誉 reap/gain/win(ones)

8、laurels 赢得荣誉赢得荣誉e.g.The school used to have a good reputation but it has been resting on its laurels for too long.过去这所学校名声很好，但长期以来却一直在吃老本。Sphinxs riddle 斯芬克斯之谜；难解之谜斯芬克斯之谜；难解之谜 riddle of Sphinxe.g.This question was like a riddle of Sphinx to them.这个问题对他们来说是斯芬克斯之谜。olive branch 橄榄枝橄榄枝 hold out the oliv

9、e branch 伸出橄榄枝伸出橄榄枝,愿意讲和愿意讲和e.g.Jill was the first to hold out the olive branch after our argument.在我们争吵后，吉尔是第一个表示愿意重新和好的人。Pandoras box 潘多拉的盒子；灾祸之源潘多拉的盒子；灾祸之源 open Pandoras box 引起种种祸患引起种种祸患e.g.When I asked Jane about her problems,I didnt know I had opened Pandoras box.我向简询问了她的问题。当时我不知道自己已经引祸上身。kingd

10、om kdm n.王国王国;领域领域king 国王国王 Queen 女王女王;王后王后prince 王子王子;王孙王孙;亲王亲王princess 公主公主;王妃王妃emperor 皇帝empire 帝国The United Kingdomchief a.最重要的；首要的最重要的；首要的 n.首领首领chief editor 主编主编chief executive officer 首席执行官首席执行官chiefly adv.首要地；主要地首要地；主要地 in chief 主要地主要地e.g.We are chiefly concerned with improving educational s

11、tandards.我们主要关心的是提高教育水平。principal adj.最重要的；主要的最重要的；主要的 n.大学校长；学院院长大学校长；学院院长premier adj.最主要的；最成功的最主要的；最成功的 n.首相；总理首相；总理puzzle n 谜谜;疑问疑问 a word puzzle 一个字谜一个字谜 solve a puzzle 解决难题解决难题 vt.迷惑；使困惑迷惑；使困惑 puzzle over/about sth.苦苦思索苦苦思索 puzzle sb.使某人困惑使某人困惑e.g.People have long puzzled about how the Egyptian

12、s moved such huge rocks.puzzled adj.感到困惑的感到困惑的 puzzling adj.令人感到困惑的令人感到困惑的 be puzzled/confused about/by sth.be bewildered by sth.对对感到困惑不解感到困惑不解 译：He feels puzzled by this puzzling puzzle.e.g.The girl looked at me with a _expression.e.g.He turned around,with a bewildered/confused look on his face.e.g

13、.He looked at his phone in bewilderment/confusion.puzzled puzzled nearby nba adv.在附近在附近 adj.附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的(常在名词前常在名词前)be near to.:距距.近近be far from.:距距.远远例：Her mother lives in a nearby town.nearby=surrounding adj.附近的附近的 （nearby可做前置定语和后置定语；可做前置定语和后置定语；surrounding只做前置定语）只做前置定语）adv.在附近在附近 nearby park=par

14、k nearby=surrounding parkjoin A to/and B 把把 和和连接或者联结起来连接或者联结起来=connect A with/to/and Bjoin the army/the league/the party 参军，入团、入党参军，入团、入党join in=take part in =participate in=be involved in=engage in 参加参加e.g.Every individual or group is joined to the world by the Internet.e.g.HongKong is joined to Zh

15、uhai by a bridge.joint adj.共同的；联合的共同的；联合的 n.接合处；关节接合处；关节joint efforts 共同努力共同努力 break in 打断打断;插嘴说插嘴说;闯入闯入break into 闯入闯入;爆发爆发break out (战争战争)爆发爆发;(火灾火灾)突然发生突然发生break up 分解分解;解散解散;(关系等关系等)破裂破裂 break up with 跟跟分手分手;与与断绝关系断绝关系break down 损坏损坏;发生故障发生故障;分解分解;累垮（精神崩溃）累垮（精神崩溃）break through 突破突破1.If you go on

16、 working like that,you will _sooner or later.2.A fire _in this hotel last night and three people were killed.3.With so many problems unsettled,a few countries wanted to _ from the Union.4.In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to _.break downbreak out break away break upbreak away from (sb.

17、/sth.)脱离；逃脱；背叛脱离；逃脱；背叛 e.g.I should break away from such habits.我应该改掉这种习惯。belong to 属于属于 无被动无被动/无进行无进行,做后置定语用做后置定语用-ing 形式形式belongings(一定用复数）一定用复数）n.所有物；财产；财物所有物；财产；财物a sense of belonging 归属感归属感possess vt.有，拥有；具有（特质）有，拥有；具有（特质）；支配，控制；支配，控制possession n.具有；拥有具有；拥有 possessions n.pl.个人财产，私人物品个人财产，私人物品ta

18、ke possession of the property 取得产业所有权取得产业所有权property n.u 所有物，财产；所有物，财产；u/c房地产房地产as well as/together with/along 和和；以及以及 谓语用谓语用“就远原则就远原则”not only A but also B 不但不但A而且而且B（强调（强调B）谓语用谓语用“就近原则就近原则”1.Peter as well as his friends _(like)to listen to classical music.2.Not only he but also his brothers _(work

19、)like mad at the moment.as well as 连接并列的平行结构连接并列的平行结构3.We are repairing the roof as well as _(paint)the walls.4.She can sing as well as _(跳舞).as well as 和和 一样好一样好 e.g.He can speak English as well as you can.as well as 除了除了 之外之外(还还)=besides 介词介词+doingAs well as _(know)some Russian,she speaks English

20、very well.as well “也也”,放于句末放于句末I like English as well.=I like English,too.=I also like English.I dont like English either.likesare workingpaintingdanceknowing就近原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近它的词语就近原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于靠近它的词语there be句型句型;or;either or；nor;neithernor；whetheror；notbut;not onlybut also,等。等。eg：You or he is goi

21、ng to be sent to study abroad.Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。你和我都没错。Not you but your father is to blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。Not only you but(also)he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。不仅你错了，他也错了。There is an apple,two pears and some oranges on the plate.盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。就远原则就远原则 主谓一致

22、主谓一致as well as such as;like with;together/along/combined withrather than;more than;no less than;in addition to;except;besides;apart from;including The son,as well as his parents,wants to go there.不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。Dessert fruit,like strawberries and pears is very popular.像草莓和梨这样的

23、餐后水果是很受欢迎的。像草莓和梨这样的餐后水果是很受欢迎的。Jim,together with his classmates,has seen the film.吉姆和他的同学一起看了这部电影。吉姆和他的同学一起看了这部电影。John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。约翰，而不是他的室友，应该受到责备。My father,no less than I,is a base-ball fan.我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷.Everybody except you is down on me.

24、除了你，大家都看不起我。除了你，大家都看不起我。currency n.货币；通货货币；通货 currency exchange 货币兑换 current adj.当前的；流行的当前的；流行的current situation 当前的局势 current affairs/events 时事时事currently adv.当前；目前当前；目前 e.g.Currently,the exhibition is in Boston.目前，这场展览会正在波士顿举行。defence/defense n 防御；保卫防御；保卫 in defence of=in ones defence 为为辩护；保卫辩护；保卫

25、 military defence 军事防御军事防御defend v.辩护；保卫辩护；保卫 defend from/against 保护保护免受伤害；保卫免受伤害；保卫defend ones country 保卫国家保卫国家(against the enemy)defend sb./oneself 为某人为某人/自己辩护自己辩护 1.Our duty is to defend the country _its enemies.2.Thousands of young men came forward,willing to _。(保卫他们的国家）3.He had a lawyer to _(为他

26、辩护）in court.againstdefend their countrydefend him1.Its illegal to drive through a red light.2.South China tigers are endangered because of illegal hunting.3.These large animals are being killed illegally because their body parts are considered to be very valuable.legal adj.合法的合法的;法律的法律的 反反 illegal a

27、dj.不合法的不合法的legal system 法律制度法律制度 legal adviser 法律顾问法律顾问law n.法律法律 lawyer n.律师律师surround vt.包围包围;围绕围绕 surround sth.with sth.用用包围包围 be surrounded by/with 被被包围包围 系表结构系表结构surrounding adj.周围的周围的;附近的（只做前置定语）附近的（只做前置定语）surroundings n.pl.环境环境 1.The poet _(被包围）被包围）a crowd of people,eager to hear his speech.2

28、.Mrs.White found her husband_(surround)by letters and papers and looking very worried.3._(surround)by the clear waters,this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.4).They live in a beautiful village,with many trees and flowers _(surround)it.was surr

29、ounded by/withsurroundedSurroundedsurroundingevidence 证据；证明证据；证明 a piece of evidence 一条证据一条证据gather/collect evidence 收集证据收集证据There is evidence that 有证据表明有证据表明evident adj.明显的明显的 evidently adv.明显地明显地,显而易见地显而易见地It is evident/obvious/apparent/noticeable that 很明显很明显 1.All the scientific evidence _(show)t

30、hat increasing use of chemicals in farming _(be)damaging our health.越来越多的 2._ _ _ _(有证据表明）the ship sank in a bomb attack.3._ _ _(很明显）the man is highly thought in the company.showsshowsisisThere is evidence that It is It is apparentapparentachievement 成就；成绩成就；成绩;达到达到 make an achievement/achievements

31、取得成就取得成就a sense of achievement 成就感成就感 /a sense of humor 幽默感幽默感 achieve vt.达到；实现达到；实现 achieve ones aim/goal/dream=realize ones 达到目的、实现目标达到目的、实现目标 1.They felt a great sense of _ to see their childrens _.(achieve)2.The evidence shows that they _ _ _ _ in many ways.achievementachievements have made grea

32、t achievementslocation n.地点；位置地点；位置 the exact location 确切的位置确切的位置locate vt.找到找到的位置的位置 locate the city in the map 在地图上找到这个城市在地图上找到这个城市坐落于、位于坐落于、位于:be located in/at =be situated in/at=stand in/at=lie in/at The house _(stand)at the corner of the street was built in 1910.The house _(lie)at the foot of t

33、he hill.Pingyi _(locate)at the foot of Mount Meng is a beautiful city.China _(locate)in the east of Asia with the area of 9,600,000 square kilometers._(situate)at the corner of 89th Street,the Museum was designed by a famous architect.locatedstandingis locatedliesSituatedconquer vt.占领；征服；控制占领；征服；控制

34、conqueror n.征服者征服者1.经过一番激烈的战斗，我军终于占领了敌人的阵地。After a fierce fight,our army finally conquered the enemys position.2.克服恐惧的唯一方法是正视恐惧。The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.3.昨晚这位世界冠军战胜了一名挑战者。The world champion conquered another challenge last night.battle n.战役；搏斗战役；搏斗 vt.搏斗；奋斗搏斗；奋斗 win/lose the bat

35、tle 赢得/输掉一场战役battle with/against the enemy 与敌人战斗battle for 为而奋斗；为而战类似：fight/struggle for/agaisnt 1.She has battled _ cancer for two years.2.Workers are battling _ equal rights.port n.港口港口 export vt.出口出口 import vt.进口进口 transport vt.运输运输 againstagainstforforfascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的极有吸引力的；迷人的=extreme

36、ly charming and attractive/inviting a fascinating story/subject 迷人的故事；趣味无穷的话题迷人的故事；趣味无穷的话题 e.g.Its fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。e.g.I fail to see what women find so fascinating about him.我就看不出他哪一点使女人神魂颠倒。keep your eyes open（for sth./sb.）留心；留意留心；留意

37、keep an eye on 照看；留意；密切注视照看；留意；密切注视 keep up with keep back -keep back the secret 隐瞒秘密隐瞒秘密 keep sb.from doing sth.keep/go on doing sth.-keep doing sth.不停地做某事不停地做某事 keep off-keep off the grass 远离草坪远离草坪 keep fit-keep healthy keep ones promise-keep ones word 履行诺言履行诺言 keep in touch with keep track of 跟上；

38、保持同步隐瞒阻止某人干某事继续做某事 使不接近 保持健康履行诺言与保持联系了解动态;与保持联系 charge v.收费收费;控告控告,起诉起诉;主管主管;充电充电 n.收费收费;控告控告;主管主管,掌管掌管;电荷电荷free of charge:免费免费=for freecharge(sb.)sth.(for sth.)收费收费.charge(.)for.（向）收（向）收.的费用的费用take charge of:负责负责;主管主管sb.be in charge of:负责负责;主管主管sth.be in the charge of:由由（某人）负责（某人）负责/主管主管v.n.收费，要价收费

39、，要价get charged:受指控受指控charge sb.with:指控指控v.n.控告，指控控告，指控n.掌管，负责掌管，负责1.Delivery is free of charge.免费送货。免费送货。3.He was charged with murder.他被指控犯有谋杀罪。他被指控犯有谋杀罪。4.He took charge of the farm after his fathers death.他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。他在父亲去世后掌管了农场。2.Before use,the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。电池使用前必须充电。charge

40、 the batteryannounce vt.宣布；声称宣布；声称 announce sth.to sb.向某人宣布某事announcement n.通知；宣告通知；宣告make an announcement 宣布；通知As is announced,=It is announced that 据报道据报道 1).The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news _ the reporters.2)._ is announced in todays newspaper,they have succeeded in solvin

41、g many problems about the new technology.=_ is announced in todays newspaper that they.3).They_ _ _(宣布/向我们宣布）that they would publish a new book.toAs ItItmade an announcement/announced to us amount n.数量；金额数量；金额a large/huge amount of+不可名不可名U -作主语，谓语用“单数”large/huge amounts of+不可名不可名U-作主语，谓语用作主语，谓语用“复数复

42、数”a large number of+可名可名C -作主语，谓语用“复数”1.With more forests being destroyed,a large amount of good earth _(be)being washed away each year.2.There _(be)large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.3.To my disappointment,a large amount of money _(waste)so far.amount to v.共计共计(=add up to

43、)；相当于相当于(be equal to)他的债务共计2万多美元。His debts amount to over$20,000.他的答复相当于就是拒绝。His answer amounts to a refusal.is arehas been wasted gallery 展览馆展览馆;画廊画廊1.an art/a picture gallery 美术馆；绘画陈列室美术馆；绘画陈列室2.the National Gallery 国家美术馆国家美术馆3.The gallery houses 2 000 works of modern art.美术馆美术馆收藏收藏了了2000件现代艺术作品。件

44、现代艺术作品。a room or building for showing works of art,especially to the public.approach n.方法方法;途径途径 the approach to sth/doing sth =the way to do sth/the way of doing sth n.接近接近 with the approach of 随着随着的临近的临近The best approach to _(explore)the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.With the _ of the exam,I be

45、came increasingly nervous.v.接近接近 approach some place 接近某地接近某地 be easy to approach 容易接近容易接近 approach a problem 着手处理着手处理一个问题一个问题1.The expert is a person_(容易接近）2.Whats the best way of _(处理这个问题)?exploring approach easy to approach.approaching this problem.approachable adj.可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的a

46、pproaching adj.接近的；逼近的接近的；逼近的同义的同义的approach,way,means,method等在表达做某事的方法等在表达做某事的方法时各自的搭配分别是：时各自的搭配分别是：1.The approach to(doing)2.The way to do/of doing3.The means of(doing)sth.4.The method of(doing）sth.读句子，感受approach的词性,词义及相关用法(1)As you approach the town,youll see the college on the left.(2)Whats the b

47、est way of approaching this problem?(3)Spring is approaching.(4)In my view,the best approach to working out is to go jogging every day.ensure vt.保证；确保；担保保证；确保；担保 =to make sure that sth.happens.ensure the safety of 确保确保的安全的安全insure v.投保；给投保；给.保险保险1.These road facilities(设备)are used _ (ensure)the safe

48、ty of the cyclists.2.The polices duty is to _（确保的安全）citizens.3.Please ensure(that)all lights are switched off.4.We need to ensure a smooth transition between the old system and the new one.to ensure ensure the safety ofview n.景色景色;风景风景 特定视角的（远特定视角的（远/高）高）scenery n.(自然的自然的)风景风景;景色景色 国家国家/地区整体自然风景地区整体

49、自然风景sight n.视力视力;景象景象 旅游观光的风光（城市旅游观光的风光（城市/自然自然/人造风光）人造风光）scene n.景色景色,风光风光 具体具体/局部局部/一时的景色（自然一时的景色（自然/人工）人工）现场现场;镜头镜头 landscape n.(陆上陆上/乡村的乡村的)风景风景 自然风光自然风光The woods and fields are typical features of the English landscape.森林与田野是英国风景的典型特征。generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 generously adv.generosit

50、y dnrsti n.慷慨；大方慷慨；大方【反反】mean adj.吝啬的；小气的吝啬的；小气的be mean with sth.在在方面很吝啬方面很吝啬 be mean to sb 对某人很刻薄对某人很刻薄be generous to sb.对某人慷慨对某人慷慨/对某人宽宏大量对某人宽宏大量Although he is poor,he was quite generous to his needy friends.be generous with sth.在在(时间、金钱等）上很大方时间、金钱等）上很大方/很慷慨很慷慨He was generous with his time,for whi