自学考试00015英语（二）第04章.pptx

1、英语（二）自学教程 Unit 4The Joy of Work TEXT A Work Is a BlessingTEXT BHow to Start Your Own BusinessWork Is a Blessing工作是一种福气1.I grew up in Lakeland,Louisiana,one of 12 children.We all lived on my parents subsistence farm.We grew cotton,sugar cane,corn,hogs,chickens and had a large garden,but it didnt brin

2、g(Top100V)in much cash.So when I was 12,I got a part-time job on a dairy farm down the road,helping to milk cows.We milked 65 cows at 5(five)in the morning,and again at 2(two)in the afternoon,seven days a week.我在路易斯安那州的莱克兰长大，是家里12个孩子之一。我们所有人都依赖父母的农场勉强维持生活。我们种棉花、甘蔗、玉米，养猪、养鸡，还有一个大花园，但农场没办法让我们有多少收入，所以我

3、在12岁时在马路旁边的一个奶牛场里找了一份兼职工作帮忙挤牛奶。我要在早晨5点钟为65头奶牛挤奶，下午2点钟还要挤一次，一周工作七天。bring(TOP100V)(produce)to bring in sth+income,profit 赚得；挣到Hes bringing in quite a lot of money.他能挣很多钱。1.blessing n.好事；有益之事2.subsistence n.勉强维持生活；生计3.sugar cane n.甘蔗4.corn n.玉米5.hog n.猪6.cash n.现金7.dairy adj.乳品业的；生产乳品的 n.牛奶场；乳制品区分：dair

4、y der/diary dar 2.In the kitchen one Saturday before daylight,I remember complaining to my father and grandfather about having to go milk those cows.My father said,Ya know,boy,to work is a blessing.在一个周六的黎明之前，我记得我在厨房里跟父亲和爷爷抱怨自己一大早还要去给那些奶牛挤奶，父亲说：“儿子，你要知道，能工作是一种福气啊。”plain v.抱怨；埋怨；发牢骚complaintcomplain

5、to sb.about plain of a splitting headache3.I looked at those two men whod worked harder than I ever had-my father eking out a living on that farm,and my grandfather farming and working as a carpenter during the Depression.I had a feeling I had been told something really important,but it took many ye

6、ars before it sank in.（承上、总结的话）我看着这两个男人，知道他们比我有生以来工作得要更努力父亲靠那个农场竭力维持生计，而爷爷在大萧条期间既开农场又当木匠。我那时有一种感觉，父亲跟我说了一些非常重要的东西，但许多年后我才真正理解了其中的含义。eke英 ik 美 ikvt.竭力增补；勉强维持；竭力维持to eke out sth勉力维持（生计）He was eking out an existence on a few francs a day.他每天就靠几法郎勉强度日。to eke out a living(get by)勉强度日Dan,his wife Breda an

7、d eight children were struggling to eke out a living.丹,他的妻子布雷达以及八个孩子在艰难度日。sink in,be understood被完全理解；被充分意识到 explanation,words+被理会；被理解It took a moment or two for her words to sink in.她的话过了一会儿才被理解。Shed sometimes sink into depression.她有时会陷入抑郁之中。9.carpenter n.木工；木匠 4.Going to college was a rare privileg

8、e for a kid from Lakeland,Louisiana.My father told me if I picked something to study that I liked doing,Id always look forward to my work.But he also added,Even having a job you hate is better than not having a job at all.I wanted to be a farmer,but I joined the ROTC（美）后备军官训练队，预备役军官训练营（Reserve Offic

9、ers Training Corps）program to help pay for college.And what started out as an obligation to the Army became a way of life that I stayed committed to for 37 years,three months and three days.对莱克兰的孩子来说，上大学是一种珍贵的待遇。父亲跟我说，如果我学了自己喜欢从事的内容，我便会一直期待找到适合自己的工作。但他也补充道：“就算从事了自己不喜欢的工作，那也比什么工作都没有要好。”我当时想做一名农夫，但为了减

10、少学费负担，我参加了预备军官训练项目，当初的义务从军便成为我以后的生活方式，我在部队服役长达37年3个月零3天。look forward to（高兴地）盼望，期待mitted adj.尽心尽力的：坚信的；坚定的stay/be committed to (doing)sth.致力于to devote yourself to sth致力于；投身于He has been committed to working for the people heart and soul for more than twenty years.5.In the late 1980s,during a visit to

11、Bangladesh,ba:glde,I saw a woman with her baby on her back,breaking bricks with a hammer.I asked a Bangladesh military escort why they werent using a machine,which would have been a lot easier.He told me a machine would put that lady out of work.Breaking those bricks meant shed earn enough money to

12、feed herself and her baby that day.And as bad as that womans job was,it was enough to keep a small family alive.It reminded me of my fathers words:to work is a blessing.（承上、总结的句子）20世纪80年代晚期，在一次前往孟加拉国期间，我看到一个背着孩子的妇女在用锤子将砖头敲碎。我问该国的一名卫队员为什么他们不用机器，因为那样会容易很多。他跟我说，如果用机器，那个女人便会丢掉工作，而将那些砖头敲碎意味着她能赚到足够的钱让她和她的

13、孩子在那天吃饱。虽然她的工作实在很糟糕，但那却足够养活一个小家庭。这件事让我想起了父亲的话：工作是一种福气。And as bad as that womans job was,it was enough to keep a small family alive.此处疑似错句，应省略前面的as，改为：And bad as that womans job was,it was enough to keep a small family alive.as意为虽然，用于倒装，句式如下：Though he is very young,he is very learned.=Young as he is,

14、he is very learned.Though he is an old man,he is very energetic.=Old man as he is,he is very energetic.Though I like him very much,I wont do his homework for him.=Much as I like him,I wont do his homework for him.Though he tried,he failed again.=Try as he did,he failed again.11.brick n.砖；砖块12.hammer

15、 n.锤子；榔头13.escort n.护送者；护卫队英 eskt 美 eskrtn.护送者；护航舰；陪同某人参加社交活动的人（尤指男人）；受雇陪同某人外出社交的人（尤指女人）vt.护送，护卫(take)police,serviceman,security guard+，+person,group,vehicle 护送；陪同；flower guardian=A womans escort护花使者to be escorted from sth被护送离开某地to be escorted out被护送离开to escort sb to the door陪同某人到门口(accompany)man,yo

16、uth+，+woman,girl （在特定社交场合）陪伴，陪同He escorted her round London.他陪她在伦敦游览了一圈。May I escort you home?我能送你回家吗？(be hired to accompany)受雇陪伴出席社交场合She was paid to escort a billionaire businessman to a society party.她受雇陪同一名亿万富商参加一个社交聚会。14.remind v.提醒；使想起6.Serving in the United States Army overseas,I saw a lot of

17、 people like that woman in Bangladesh.And Ive come to believe that people without jobs are not free.Theyre victims of crime,the ideology of terrorism,poor health,depression and social unrest.These victims become the illegal immigrants,the slaves of human trafficking,the drug dealers,and the street g

18、ang mibers.Ive seen it over and over again on the U.S.border,in Somalia,the Congo,Afghanistan and in New Orleans.People who have jobs can have a home,send their kids to school,develop a sense of pride,contribute to the good of the community and even help others.When we can work,we are free.We are bl

19、essed.（总结概括的句子）在驻海外的美军部队服役时，我看到许多人都和孟加拉国那个女人一样，于是我开始相信，没有工作的人是不自由的。他们遭受着犯罪、恐怖主义、疾病、经济萧条和社会动荡的侵害，于是这些受害者变成了非法移民，沦为人口贩卖的囚奴、贩毒者和街头帮派的成员。这种景象我一次次地在美国边境、索马里、刚果、阿富汗以及新奥尔良目睹过。有工作的人可以建立家庭，将孩子送到学校上学，内心树立起一种自豪感，增加对社区的积极影响，甚至去帮助他人。当我们有事可做时，我们身心自由，身处幸福之中。over and over again一次次地15.victim n.受害者；牺牲品 fall victim to

20、 sth.沦为.的受害者16.ideology,adld;d-n.意识形态：观念形态17.terrorism n.恐怖主义18.depression n.萧条期；经济衰退；不景气depress vt.压下，压低；使沮丧；使萧条；使跌价depressed 沮丧的；萧条的19.unrest n.动荡；动乱；骚动20.illegal adj.不合法的；非法的；违法的il是in的变体，否定前缀，再如：illogical a.不合逻辑的ir,im都是in的变体，如：irregular,irresponsible,imbalanced,impossible,immobile a.固定的21.immigra

21、nt n.（外来）移民；外侨22.trafficking n.非法交易；非法买卖c结尾的词变形时先加k，如trafficker,panicker恐慌者,picnicker野餐者,panicking恐慌23.dealer n.贩毒者；毒品贩子deal in sth.买卖，经营；经售；经销 shop+经营某物 They deal in antiques他们做古董生意。What sort of goods do they deal in?他们经营何种商品？person+买卖某物the rights of our citizens to hold and to deal in foreign curr

22、ency我国公民持有和买卖外汇的权利to deal sb in（给某人发牌）让某人参与纸牌游戏Harry sat down at the table.Deal me in,he said.哈里在桌边坐下，说：“给我发牌吧。”car/drug dealerdeal with sth.处理某事/sb.与某人打交道；对待某人24.gang n.一帮，一群，一伙（闹事、斗殴的年轻人）25.contribute v.增加；增进；添加（到某物）7.I dont think Ill ever quit working.Im retired from the Army,but Im still working

23、 to help people be prepared for disasters.And I may get to do a little farming someday,too.Im not going to stop.I believe in my fathers words.I believe in the blessing of work.我觉得我不会停止工作。如今我已从军队退役，但我仍在致力于帮助人们在灾害来临前做好准备，可能哪天我也要去做点儿农活。我不会停下来的。我相信父亲的话。我相信工作是一种福气。be prepared for 准备好；有所准备believe in 认为某事好

24、（对、可接受）26.quit v.停止；戒掉 I quit.I quit smoking.do a little farming，do some cleaning/some reading/shopping做卫生，阅读，购物How to Start Your Own Business如何开始自己创业1.The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challenge and reward,making it an experience unlike any other.So many businesses

25、fail,and most entrepreneurs exclude themselves from the possibility.The tragic reality is that when businesses fail,the passion often dies with it.（承上句）By following some sound advice and being prepared for the process,you will decrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for.I have

26、recently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the process that I feel privileged to share with you.（承上启下句）和其他的经历不同，自己创业的矛盾之处在于挑战和收益并存。很多企业倒闭，而大多数企业家则能全身而退。然而残酷的现实是，跟着企业一起倒下的，还有创业的激情。然而在准备过程中的一些忠告则会让你比预计的少一些损失。最近我也在创业，并且在其中学习到了一些重要的经验教训，我很荣幸与你分享。lie in存在；在于bargain for预料到；料想到be/

27、feel privileged to do荣幸地做某事1.paradox n.矛盾的人（或事情、情况）(opinion)（与通常见解对立的）悖论，反论2.simultaneous 英,sm()ltens 美,samltensadj.同时发生（或进行）的；同步的 并存3.reward n.奖励；回报；报酬4.entrepreneur 英 ntrprn(r)美 ntrprnn.企业家5.exclude v.把排斥在外；防止进入；阻止参加6.tragic adj.悲惨的；悲痛的；可悲的tragedy,tragedian 悲剧演员，悲剧作家,comedy7.passion n.強烈情感；激情passi

28、onate英 p()nt 美 pnt8.sound adj.明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的9.process n.（为达到某一目标的）过程；进程10.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键的11.privileged adj.荣幸的；幸运的2.1.Identify your motivation.Why do you want to start your own business?To have more time?To make more money?To be your own boss?To have creative control over what you love to do?

29、Write out all of your motivating factors and prioritize them.（承上启下句）When you see them listed,you might see a pattern in that youre just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isnt the answer.明确你的动机所在。你为何要创业?为了有更多的时间?为了赚更多的钱?为了自己当老板?为了能有创造性地掌控你喜欢做的事情?写出所有激励你的因素，并排出先后顺序。当你列好以后再看。如果

30、发现你只是对现在的工作不满意，那么创业绝不是你想要的。12.motivation n.动机；原因13.prioritize v.按重要性排列；划分优先顺序prior adj.优先的；在前的；更重要的(to),priority n.优先权；优先；优先顺序-r（+ity构成名词），再如：regularity,similarity,familiarity,popularity14.pattern n.模式；方式2.2.Identify your passion.What do you love to do?What skills and knowledge do you uniquely bring

31、 to the table?What gets you excited about your work?Keep that passion at the forefront of your business plan,your marketing strategies,and your daily routine.If you keep your passion in plain sight,you will stay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.明确你的激情所在。你喜欢做什么?

32、你有什么样的独门绝技?什么能让你对你的工作很兴奋?把激情置于你的商业计划、营销策略和日常生活之前。如果你能保持激情，你就能更加专注于创办公司的目的，而不仅仅是运营。bring.to the table带来好处at/in/to the forefront of.处在最前列；进入重要地位in plain sight显而易见15.strategy n.策划；规划；部署；统筹安排16.routine n.常规；正常顺序(normal procedure)例行公事；常规；惯例Its part of my daily routine.这是我日常工作的一部分。(act)一套固定节目They booked m

33、e to do my comedy routine just before the band.他们和我约好，让我在乐队演奏之前表演滑稽节目。(drudgery)单调沉闷的生活方式Family holidays are meant to be a break from routine.家庭假期意味着打破单调沉闷的日常生活。17.sight n.视力范围；视野18.solely adv.仅；只：惟；单独地19.logistics ldstks n.后勤；物流；组织工作2.3.Identify your market.If you are starting your business locally

34、,research your competitors.Determine if there is room in the market for your business.What will you do differently to draw in customers?What niche market are the other businesses missing?If you are starting an Internet company,research the requirements for your own unique Web presence.Your business

35、cannot survive without customers,so do enough research on the front end to determine if there are enough potential clients to keep your business alive.明确你的市场所在。如果你想在本地创业，关注你的竞争对手。确定市场是否有你的立足之地。你能用什么不同的方式来吸引客户?其他公司缺少什么样的市场定位?如果你打算开创一家网络公司，研究一下你的公司存在的特别之处。客户是你的公司存在之本，因此提前做足研究，确保有足够的潜在客户能维持你的公司。20.loca

36、lly adv.在本地petitor n.（尤指商业方面的）竞争者，对手compete with/against sb.for petitive,competitor,competition22.room n.可能性；机会There is still a lot of room for progress.23.niche ni;nt n.（商品的）商机；市场定位;合适的职业；亦称作 niche market【商业】有利可图的市场(或形势等)24.unique adj.独特的；罕见的25.survive v.生存；存活；继续存在survive a fire/a war/a flood/an ac

37、cident/an earthquakesurvive a person,survivor,survivalHe is one of the lucky survivors in this accident.Darwins Theory of Evolution can be characterized as survival of the fittest.(adj.胜任的；适当的)达尔文的进化论可以说是适者生存。26.client n.客户；顾客2.4.Identify your finances.If you have ever purchased a new home,you know

38、that the financial obligations（债务）extend beyond the down payment and the mortgage.You have to buy furniture,trash cans,a garage door opener（车库门遥控开关）,light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景观美化设备）,and before you know it,youve far exceeded your financial boundaries.That can happen just as easily in

39、a business.Do exhaustive（详尽的）financial planning.Meet with a financial advisor（财政顾问）or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of your business and the process of getting it up and running.Plan wisely and do not assume the best about your business.Be prepared for financial loss and ge

40、t advice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.明确你的财政状况。如果你刚买了房，你必须清楚随首付和月供而来的财政义务。你还要添置家具、垃圾桶、车库门遥控开关、灯具和绿化设备。在你反应过来之前，这已经远远超过你的财政预算了。这在创业中是很常见的。做详尽的财政规划。找个财政顾问或者银行专员，核算你在启动和运营公司的时候财务上的可行性。理智规划，做最坏的打算。为经济损失提前做好准备，咨询如何减轻未来可能承受的财政负担。get.up安排；组织27.finance n.（个人、组织、国家的）财力，财源，财务管理28.purchase n.购

41、买；采购29.obligation n.（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任30.down payment n.（分期付款的）首期付款；预付金；定金31.mortgage n.按揭；按揭贷款32.trash can n.垃圾桶33.garage n.停车房；车库34.fixture n.固定设施35.landscape v.对做景观美化；美化的环境36.exceed v.超过（数量）37.boundary n.边界；界限；分界线38.exhaustive adj.详尽的；彻底的39.viability n.可行性40.run(TOP100V)（使）运转，运行；操作41.assume v.假定；

42、假设；认为,assumption42.alleviate livet v.减轻；缓和；缓解2.5.Identify your support system.Seek out advice from seasoned business owners,even those in your own field.Develop relationships with people who can offer sound advice and criticism that you might not see.If there is a business owner in your community or

43、 in your network that you aspire to model,examine his or her business practices and how they handle various situations.Ask for counsel before big decisions,and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors to help guide you in the planning and start-up process.明确你的支持体系。向经验丰富的企业家求教，包括同领域的。和那些能提出可

44、靠建议和批评的人搞好关系。如果你周围或者朋友圈里有你钦佩的企业家，研究学习他或她的业务实践以及他们如何处理各种情况。做重大决策前多多请教，甚至在规划和启动过程中设立临时董事会来帮助出谋划策。Seek out寻求43.seasoned adj.富有经验的；老于此道的44.offer v.主动提出；愿给予45.aspire v.渴望（成就）；有志（成为）aspiration,inspiration 灵感,perspiration pspre()nn.汗水；流汗,respiration respre()nn.呼吸；呼吸作用Edison once said genius is 1%inspiratio

45、n and 99%perspiration.46.various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的vary ver vi.变化；变异；违反vt.改变；使多样化；变奏,varietyvrat n.多样；种类；多样化n.杂耍47.counsel n.劝告；忠告；建议 辩护律师48.makeshift adj.临时替代的；权宜的3.Once you have all of these elements in place,you are prepared to start the process of developing a business plan,applying for a license,e

46、stablishing a marketing presence（营销实体）,etc.Owning your own business can be unparalleled in the professional world,and if you surround yourself with wise counsel,you can have a career that daily feeds your passion.一旦你已经对上述问题成竹在胸，那么你就可以开始制定商业计划、申请执照、在市场中崭露头角了。能在专业领域拥有自己的公司美不堪言，如果你能时时听取明智的建议，那么你就可以每天激情满满地工作了。in place在工作；准备就绪apply for（通常以书面形式）申请，请求49.license n.许可证；许可证；执照50.presence n.存在；出现51.unparalleled adj.无比的；无双的；空前的；绝无仅有的52.professional adj.职业的；专业的53.career n.生涯；职业54.feed v.满足（希望、愿望、欲望等）