自学考试00015英语(二)第06章.pptx
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- 自学考试 00015 英语 06
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1、英语(二)自学教程 Unit 6The Value of Money TEXT A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money WiselyTEXT BThe Importance of Money in LifeTeaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely教孩子们理性地使用零花钱School-going children need pocket money for food,stationery and bus fares.Parents give pocket money to their children
2、 in different ways.Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week.Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis.The way in which/that(AC)pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved.(承上启下的句子)On the other hand,the childrens spending habits may affect how(OC)pocket money
3、 is given.正上学的孩子们需要零花钱来买吃的、买文具,还有支付公交费用。父母们采用不同的方式来给予他们零花钱。有的父母会在月初或每周之初一次性给予孩子们一笔钱,有的更倾向于每天给一些。然而,零花钱的给予方式却影响着孩子们花钱或省钱的方式。另一方面,孩子们的消费习惯也会对父母给予零花钱的方式产生影响。on a daily basis 每日地1.stationery stenri n.文具;信笺同音词:stationary n.驻军 adj.静止的,不动的;稳定的【常见句型】用作名词(n.)She works in the stationery department of a big st
4、ore.她在一家大商店的文具部工作。My stationery cupboard is full of paper.我的文具柜塞满了纸。【近义词】paper纸 writing materials 文具【词汇搭配】stationery case 文具匣 stationery room文具室stationery and office supplies 文具及办公用品.H.M.Stationery Office皇家文书局2.fare n.车费;船费;飞机票价;路费;乘客;食物 vi.过活;进展;进食;旅行;行走【常见句型】用作名词(n.)A single fare is 170 dollars.单程
5、票价为170美元。The taxi driver stopped to pick up a fare.出租车司机停车让一个乘客上车。The fare here is simple but good.这里的伙食简单但可口。用作不及物动词(vi.)S+(+A)I think I fared quite well in the interview.我觉得我这次面试情况不错。【词义辨析】charge,price,fee,fare,cost,expense这些名词均有“价格,费用”之意。charge指提供服务时索取的费用,也指货物的价格、价钱。price指商品在市场出售的价格,尤指卖方对商品所提出的单价
6、。付出的代价。fee指上学、求医以及找律师等付的费用,还可指会费、借书费等。fare侧重指旅行时所付的车、船费等费用。cost指生产某东西的成本,也泛指商品的价格,可与price换用。expense常指实际支付的费用总数额,有时也指钱的花费。【词汇搭配】return fare往返票价 sectional fare分段收费 minimum fare 最低车费 fare register里程时 combined fare 联运票价 car fare经 交通费 through fare联运票价,直通票价.excursion fare 旅游票价 single fare单程票价passenger far
7、e 乘客票价 full fare 全票价 double fare 来回票价air fare飞机票价 half fare 半票 fare forth动身,起程 fare-you-well完美的状态3.lump sum n.一次总付的钱款【词语用法】lump v.(动词)lump作名词时的意思是“团,块”,转化成动词意思为“结成块,聚成团”,指将原本分散的人或物聚集在一起以形成一个有一定规模的整体,以便更好地发挥其作用。lump作“结块”解时用作不及物动词;作“合在一起”解时用作及物动词,接表示钱、意见等名词作宾语。【常用短语】用作名词(n.)a lump in ones throat喉咙哽住,(
8、因激动而)哽咽feel pressure in the throat as a result of strong emotion caused by love,sadness,etc.用作动词(v.)lump along(v.+adv.)笨重地行走 walk slowly and weightilyThe old man lumped along with a heavy heart.老人怀着沉重的心情,脚步沉重地走了。The bear lumped its huge bulk along.那只黑熊摆动着笨重的身体来回走动。lump down(v.+adv.)沉重地坐下去 sit down w
9、eightilyShe stopped before the sofa and lumped down.她在沙发前站下,一屁股坐了下去。He lumped his huge bulk down opposite.他那笨重的身躯在对面坐下。lump into(v.+prep.)把编成并成 make sb or sth into an unityWe have lumped all the advanced students into a single class.我们已把所有程度高的学生编成了一个班。All the questions were lumped into one category.
10、所有这些问题被归结成一类。lump it忍耐,忍受 accept unchangeable bad conditions without complaintIf you dont like it,you will have to lump it.你不喜欢它,也必须勉强容忍一下。lump together(v.+adv.)把弄成一团或一块,把归并在一个项目下 consider(things or people)as a unity;place(things or people)in the same class or divisionWe lump all our money together
11、to buy our teacher a present.我们把所有的钱放在一起去给我们的老师买件礼物。lump with(v.+prep.)与归在一起 make sb or sth together with sth or sbThe budget for saving should not be lumped with the disaster fund.救济预算不应与救灾资金归在一起。【词汇搭配】用作名词(n.)动词+feel a lump摸到一个肿块 介词+byin the lump全体,总的来说+介词 a lump of dirtsugar 一块泥土方糖 用作动词(v.)+名词 lu
12、mp all money 把所有钱凑到一起+副词lump along 笨重地来回走 lump down 笨重地坐下 lump together 归在一起+介词lump into把归在一起 lump under 归在下 lump under the title of归并在标题下 lump with和归并在一起 lump with children和孩子们打成一片sum【词语用法】v.(动词)过去式和过去分词均为summedsum作名词是“算术,总和”的意思,转化为动词作“总结,合计”解,一般指为了对某一事物有个大概的了解而用数字等方式对其进行统计,从而得出结论,强调结果而不强调方法。sum可用作
13、不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,常与up连用,表示合并成一新的整体以产生一种单一而有力的效果。【常用短语】用作动词(v.)sum up(v.+adv.)对迅速作出判断或鉴定 judge(sb or sth)quicklyShe quickly summed him up.她很快就对他的人品作出评论。【词汇搭配】用作动词(v.)+名词sum a column of figures算出一串数字的总和 sum the cost of the machine 计算机器的成本+副词sum up是的总和,总数;总结,概括;对迅速作出判断或鉴定 sum up ones assets计算某人的资产 sum up
14、 sbs character in a term用一个词概括某人的性格 sum up ones experience总结某人的经验+介词sum into总数达到 sum to共计2.Pocket money given(PPPHR-A)on a daily basis is sometimes termed as food money.Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess and also at lunch hour if(ACC)they have school activities in the af
15、ternoon.They learn how to manage small sums of money.As(ACR)the money is limited,they have to control their spending.(承上启下的句子)Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending,hoping(PPPHR-)that(OC)in time they can be trusted with larger
16、sums of money.Parents who(AC)earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.(承上句)按天来给零花钱有时被称作“零食钱”。下午有学校活动的孩子们通常会用这些零花钱在课间或午饭时间买些吃的东西。他们从中学到了如何管理好一小笔钱。因为钱的数目有限,他们只能有节制地花费。一些家长用这种方式给孩子零花钱,是为了防止他们的孩子过度消费,并期待日后可以放心地给孩子们一大笔钱来支配。按天领取薪资的父母,由于经济拮据,也会选择这个方法。be termed as 被称为in time:soone
17、r or later,eventually 迟早,最后trust with把托付给 hoping that伴随状语(adverbial-of-accompanying-state),相当于in the hope that怀着的希望4.recess n.休息;幽深处;凹缝;壁龛;放假v.放入壁龛;作凹处;休息【常见句型】用作名词(n.)The meeting will be continued after a recess.休息后再继续开会。用作不及物动词S+(+A)The court recessed yesterday.法庭昨天休庭了。用作及物动词S+n./pron.The lights s
18、hould be recessed into the ceiling.这些灯应该嵌进天花板。【词汇搭配】用作名词(n.)介词+be in recess 在休会期间 in a mountain recess 在老山深处 in the innermost recesses of the heart在内心深处+介词recess with a writing desk in it墙的凹处放着一张写字台5.allocate lket v.拨(给);划(给);分配(给)【词语用法】v.(动词)allocate主要用于金钱、财产、权利、领土等方面的分配。强调分配的专门对象、数额和用途。allocate是及物
19、动词,多接名词作宾语。宾语后可接介词短语表示附加的意义。表示“在范围内分配”时接among;表示“拨款做”时接for;表示“分派做”时接to。allocate可接双宾语,表示“分配某事物给某人”,其间接宾语可以转化为介词to的宾语。【常见句型】用作双宾动词S+pron./n.+n./pron.The government allocated them bigger rations.政府配给他们较多的口粮。S+n./pron.+to pron./n.He allocated a particular seat to each person.他给每一个人专门的位置。【词汇搭配】用作动词(v.)+名
20、词allocate shares分配股份+副词allocate carefully谨慎地分配 allocate properly妥当分配+介词allocate among 在间分配 allocate for拨款给 allocate sb to sth分派某人到 allocate sth to sb 分配某物给某人6.overspendvspend v.花钱过多;比(预计的)花得多;超支Dont overspend on luxury items.不要过度消费。注意over-/out-的区别:overeat 吃过量outeat 吃得比.多 overdo 做或表现得过分outdo 超过;胜过ove
21、rsleep睡过头 outlive 比.活得长;比.经久 overweight超重 outshine优于;使相形见拙;光亮强过;发光7.opt v.选择;挑选optant n.抉择者,选择者option,optional【词汇搭配】opt out决定退出 co-opt增选 opt for选择 opt.(=optic)视.opt-out 退出 opt-out clause 不参与条款 opt in 决定参加 opt in favour of选择【常见句型】用作不及物动词S+(+A)What courses are most students opting for?多数学生选什么课程?【词义辨析】
22、choose,select,elect,pick,prefer,opt“选择”choose普通用词,侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择,着重被选者的优点。select书面用词,具有庄严、正式的感情色彩。强调精选。elect指按照一定的规章或法律,用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pick口语用词,多指从个人角度仔细挑选,也含任意挑选之意。prefer强调个人偏爱,不一定有选择的行动。opt多指在几种可能性之间进行选择。8.constraint knstrent n.约束;强制;约束条件;对感情的压抑;虚情假意【常见句型】用作名词(n.)The new policy places ad
23、ditional constraints on housing projects.新政策对房产项目增加了限制。We obeyed,but under constraint.我们服从了,然而是被迫的。There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay.文章内容不拘。【词汇搭配】用作名词(n.)+介词financial constraints on companys activities 对公司活动的财政约束3.Giving pocket money on a daily basis places(TOP100V)res
24、ponsibilities of budgeting on the parents,instead of the child.The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as(ACR)they know(THAT-OC)they will get another sum of money the next day.This results in children being shortsighted in their spending.The thou
25、ght of saving money never crossed their minds.(承上启下)They may develop the mentality that(Appositive clause同从)money is meant to be spent.(承上句)Others spend more than they are given.They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when(ACT)they feel like indulging themselves.Then they may ask for mon
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