2022届北京市延庆区高三年级一模英语试题.docx

1、2022届北京市延庆区高三年级一模英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、完形填空Joel Boyers and his wife, Melody Among, were heading home from the Nashville airport after she just earned her helicopters (直升飞机) pilot license when he received a _1_ from a stranger in Pennsylvania. The person told him that many people were trapped in _2_,

2、 60 miles from Nashville. Boyers, 41, looked west toward Waverly and saw the storm clouds. “No one will fly” But even _3_ he finished the sentence, Boyers knew they would go back up. Soon, they were in the air, _4_ for what they were about to experience in Waverly. As Boyers flew the helicopter, Amo

3、ng searched for people stuck atop roofs, bridges, anywhere Boyers could land his helicopter and get them onboard. Suddenly she _5_ a girl grasping a tree which was barely out of the water. One hand holding a tree branch, the other held a dog shed rescued earlier, she was completely wet and _6_.Since

4、 there was no place for Boyers to land, he _7_ the helicopter until it was just above the water. With the rescue rope, Among helped the teen and dog aboard. Boyers _8_ lifted off. Avoiding the tree and power lines, he _9_ off the teen and the dog on a safe street, then back in the air. Their mission

5、 ended 90 minutes after it began, when professional rescue helicopters showed up. Though the experience was _10_, Boyers did make this admission, “It was almost a little fun.”1AcomplaintBletterCprogramDcall2AfogBsnowCfloodDfire3AbeforeBwhenCuntilDsince4AprovidedBunpreparedClookedDhoped5ApickedBpushe

6、dCguidedDspotted6AexhaustedBboredCpuzzledDembarrassed7AplacedBloweredCtookDloaded8AslightlyBhardlyCquietlyDcarefully9AtookBgotCdroppedDlaid10AfrighteningBexcitingCfascinatingDboring二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。One day, I noticed a bird fly in and out of

7、 the letterbox. Looking closely inside I saw that she _11_ (build) a nest. A few weeks later she had laid eggs and sat _12_ （patient）on them. I tried opening the letterbox, _13_ made the bird angry. So I gave her permission and a peaceful stay. In the following weeks, three chicks hatched. About fou

8、r weeks later her _14_ (baby) left the nest and I was able to reclaim my property and clean out the letterbox.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Amazon invited some customers to preview the new grocery store format developed in California. The Amazon Fresh store in Woodlan

9、d Hills _15_ (design) to reach a broader part of shoppers than the pricier Whole Foods Market chain, _16_(signal)its intention to become a significant player in the huge grocery business. It also marks a new stage when Amazon competes with larger grocery chains, Walmart, which expanded features and

10、services to make shopping _17_ (convenience).阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Tao Xingzhi proposed “unity of teaching, learning and reflective acting.” As a Chinese educator, he was called the “teacher of teachers”. _18_ (bear) in Anhui province in 1891, Tao studied at C

11、olumbia University, US, in 1914. There he studied educational philosophy _19_ the guidance of John Dewey, an educational reformer. _20_ he returned to China, he began his own career. For Tao, education is an active process in real-life experience rather than one of telling and being told.三、阅读理解Volun

12、teer abroad with the UNAre you ready to become an international UN Volunteer? You can contribute your time, skills and knowledge through volunteering with the UN. This is an opportunity to create a positive impact and be a significant force for achieving peace and development. Make a difference to t

13、he lives of many!Why volunteer with the UNInternational UN Volunteers promote peace and development in communities around the globe, while upholding the ideals and ambitions of the United Nations. International UN Volunteers come from 160 countries, representing many cultures and backgrounds. They b

14、ring a wide variety of viewpoints and approaches. Your international UN Volunteer assignment will make a lasting impact. It can create a ripple effect that extends far beyond the immediate results of your efforts. As an international UN Volunteer, you will learn about different cultures, expand your

15、 networks, study foreign languages and gain matchless professional and life experiences. RequirementsThe minimum requirements to serve as an international UN Volunteer are: 25 years old and older (no upper age limit); university degree or higher technical diploma;At least two years of relevant work

16、experience in a professional background; good working knowledge of English, Spanish or French;Commitment to the values and principles of volunteerism; ability to work in a multicultural environment; willingness to work with people and local organizations;Ability to adjust in difficult living conditi

17、ons and sometimes remote locations; strong interpersonal and organizational skills. Conditions of ServiceInternational UN Volunteer assignments generally run for six to 12 months, with the possibility of extending for one to two years. Short-term assignments are also requested by our partners from t

18、ime to time. International UN Volunteers are entitled to certain allowances. Allowances are in no way to be understood as a compensation, reward or salary in exchange for the volunteer work. The purpose of allowances for volunteers is to enable them to sustain a secure standard of living in their du

19、ty stations.21As an international UN Volunteer, you can _.Apromote peace and development of UNBaffect UN immediatelyCobtain professional experiencesDteach foreign languages22According to the passage, applicants are required to _.Abe at most 25 years oldBhave international work experienceChold a univ

20、ersity degree in technologyDadapt to difficult living environment23What can help volunteers to maintain a secure standard of living?AAssignments.BAllowances.CCommitment.DKnowledge.The Book LadyIt was Jennifer Williamss mother who got her hooked on books. A librarian, she read to her three children e

21、very day. “Not until we went to kindergarten,” Williams told , a local news site. “Until we went to college.”When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher and tutor in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to fall in love with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized th

22、at some kids had limited access to books. “Its very obvious to teachers of young children which kids are read to versus kids who are not,” she said. “Its obvious at the end of the first day of school.” To Williams, the solution was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called En

23、gage Danville, she gave away 900 used childrens books over three days. Most people would be satisfied with that.“I was like, Anybody could do that,” she said. “I wanted to do something thats going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.”So she set a new goal for herself: Give away one mil

24、lion books. It sounds like an unreachable number, but as Williams posted on Facebook: “Dont complain in the bleachers if you arent willing to work hard out on the field.”So she got to work, first by roping in friends to donate books or money to buy books. Before long, as news of Williamss project sp

25、read, strangers started leaving piles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools free of charge and also supplies books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also hosts a book club for priso

26、ners in the local prison.In the four years shes been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books only 922,000 more to reach her goal! And shes not slowing down. Its too important for kids with few options.“Reading can take you anywhere,” she

27、 told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.”24What made Willian interested in reading?AHer childrens hobby.BHer mothers influence.CA strangers encouragement.DA teachers impact.25Why did William originally contribute so many books?ATo satisfy most peo

28、ple.BTo celebrate the civic event.CTo help students love reading.DTo stretch her faith and work ethic.26How did William collect books for her goal?ABy asking her friends to buy books.BBy attaining books from the prison.CBy getting donation from free libraries.DBy receiving donated books from strange

29、rs.27According to the passage, what words can best describe William?Ahelpful and ambitious.Brespectable and innocent.Chardworking and adventurous.Ddetermined and humorous.Scientists have changed a spiders web into audio (音频). The process involving imaging and analysing a three-dimensional spider web

30、. Led to a curious piece of music played on a harp-like instrument in several live performances. The investigator, Markus Buehler, has extended the research beyond the scientific world: Webs could be a new source for musical inspiration that is different from the usual human experience.To create the

31、 music, the researchers first produced a 3D digital model of the spiders web by taking 2D cross-section images and using computer algorithms (算法). They then changed the non-audible data into something audible a process known as sonification. This involved assigning distinct notes to each of the silk

32、 strands (纤维丝)of the spiders web based on their length. The innovative approach allowed the researchers to come up with “novel interpretations” of the spiders web, offering a new perspective of understanding the natural world. The researchers also set up a virtual reality environment, combining the

33、visual and audio representations of the web: “By hearing and seeing it at the same time, you can really start to understand the environment the spider lives in,” says Beuhler. And it isnt all about music. The researchers are keen to show that an in-depth understanding of natural constructions such a

34、s spider webs, has great potential for aiding our own technological constructions. Just one example is the method named “spider-mimicking”, in which complex micro-structures are 3D printed, using the spider web as inspiration. Beuhler expressed his hopes the new research into sonification will lead

35、to further work in cross-species communication: If we expose the spiders to certain patterns of rhythms or vibrations (振动), can we affect what they do, and can we begin to communicate with them? Those are really exciting ideas.Future research could potentially explore ways of communicating with spid

36、ers “in their own language”, or influence their behaviour with the help of machine algorithms. A previous study in 2018 by researchers including Buehler, found that most researches on spider webs to date have focused on the orb web (a specific form of web which is 2D and round in shape), while the m

37、ajority of webs created by spiders are not orb webs. This analysis of a 3D web structure pushes the research a step further. Spider webs are actually very diverse and also have a number of desirable properties. As the papers abstract states, spider webs have a unique strength, toughness, elasticity

38、and hardness, making them a particularly appealing natural formation to study.28What does the underlined word “sonification” probably mean?Athe process of making something audible.Bthe behavior of taking notes of the spider webs.Cthe algorithms of analyzing three-dimensional spider webs.Dthe procedu

39、re of changing 2D images into 3D digital models.29The passage suggests that _.AA piece of music played on the instrument resulted in study on spider websBResearchers have already worked out ways to communicate with spidersCThis spider web music hints at potential for cross-species communicationDThe

40、spider webs unique formation attracts scientists to study music30What is the main idea of Paragragh 5?AAnalysis of spiders behavior.BSignificance of 3D web structure.CPrevious researches on orb webs.DFurther researches on cross-species communication.Colin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one

41、of motor racings most influential engineers. Between 1962 and 1978 Lotus won seven Formula One constructors championships. He summed up his philosophy as “simplify, then add lightness”. It appears to be an uncommon insight. A paper published in Nature suggests that humans struggle with subtractive (

42、减法的) thinking. When asked to improve something, they tend to suggest adding new things rather than removing what is already there, even when additions lead to sub-par (低于标准的) results. The research was motivated by everyday observation rather than psychological theory, says Gabrielle Adams, the paper

43、s first author, who cites folk wisdom such as less is more and keep it simple. Perhaps the need for such reminders was evidence of a blind spot in peoples thinking?Along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, Dr. Adams conducted a series of observational studies. In one, when participants we

44、re asked to alter an essay they had written, 16% cut words while 80% added them. Others gave similar results. Of 827 suggestions received by the new boss of an American university for how the institution could be improved, 581 involved adding new things and just 70 suggested removing something. Havi

45、ng established that addition does indeed seem to be more popular than subtraction, the next step was to work out why. One possibility was that people were considering subtractive options, but deliberately choosing not to pursue them. Another was that they were not even thinking of them in the first

46、place. Lets enter a new set of experiments. One experiment asked participants to redesign a lopsided (不平衡的) Lego structure so that it could support a house-brick. Participants could earn a dollar for fixing the problem, but each piece of Lego they added cu that reward by ten cents. Even then, only 4

47、1% worked out that simplifying the structure by removing a single block, rather than strengthening it by adding more, which was the way to maximise the payout. Another example, asking people to make a golf course worse rather than better did not change their preference for additions, which suggested that many were simply not thinking of the possibility, at least at first. What all this amounts to, says Benjamin Converse, another of the studys authors, is evidence for a new entry in the list of “cognitive biases” that skew (歪曲) how humans think. Instead of thinking a problem