2023年中考英语二轮复习：阅读理解解题技巧（含练习题及答案）.docx

1、2023年中考英语二轮复习：阅读理解解题技巧一、概述中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1. 文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1，000单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样，包阔记叙文、说明文、应用文等。二、中考阅读理解主要考查6种能力：1 掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of the following is this passage about?3) I

2、n this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_.5) This passage mainly talks about_.2. 把握文章的事实和细节的能力。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：1) Which of the following is right?2) Which of the following is not mentioned?3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?4

3、) Choose the right order of this passage.5) From this passage we know _.3. 根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是：1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means _.2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _.3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means _.4) Here “it”

4、means_.4. 对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解，对文章各段，各句之间的逻辑关系的理解能力。此类题目主要考查的是句语句之间，短语短之间的逻辑关系，其主要提问方式是：1) Many visitors come to the writes city to _.2) Some shops can be built Dongfeng Square so that they may _.3) Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _.4) Why did the writer get off the train two

5、stops before Vienna station?5. 依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a _.2) We can infer from the text that _.3) From the letters weve learned that its very _ to know something about American social customs.4) From the s

6、tory we can guess _.5) What would be happy if ?6. 推断作者意图和态度的能力。此类题目的主要提问方式是：1) How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2) The writer writes this text to _.3) The writer believes that _.4) The writer suggests that _.三、题目类型1 .A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目A类题是拿分题。丢分原因：1）凭印象做题，准确率低。2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去

7、找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。这样做的目的：1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。2 .B 类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题老师用来拉开学生梯度和层次的题。B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。B类题解题技巧：1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时

8、候，也要看后面的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（True or False）：Everyone likes the music. 该句子应

9、该是错误的。4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。5、“傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。4 阅读理解解题步骤1、第一步：先读题2、第二步：读文章3、第三步：解题 教学大纲对阅读理解的要求（一）初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求：能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。（二）中考阅读理解的考点1文章的话题略读文章，领会文章大意的题2.文章的中心题归纳，概括的能力3.文章的细节扫读

10、或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。4文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论5.生词词意，猜词对生词词意的判断能力（三）中考阅读理解考察的文体1记叙文抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。2.说明文要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。（四）解题思路与技巧1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。2仔细审题，分析比较选项 。3带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。4再读全文，核对答案。阅读理解题型及解题技巧从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文

11、难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。主旨题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。细节题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往

12、针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。推断题推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。猜测词义题猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义

13、代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。1.通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是责备。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词

14、词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于行星这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is

15、so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or dr

16、ought. 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为久旱，旱灾。而a dry period和drought是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由is，or，that is，in other words，be called或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义例如：Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来

17、判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to cat

18、ch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。 （五）正误判断题正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。阅读训练1nce Effendi had a joke with the Prime Minister（宰相）. He said that the Minister would die the next day. The next day, the Mi

19、nister fell to the ground from the horse and really died. When the king learned this, he got angry and sent his men to catch Effendi at once.When Effendi was brought to him, the king shouted angrily, “Effendi, since you knew when my Minister would die, you must know the date of your own death. Say i

20、t out, or youll die today.”Effendi looked at the king for a while. Then he answered, “But how can I know? Ill die two days earlier than you.” The king was afraid that if he killed Effendi, he himself would die after that. He thought he must keep Effendi alive as long as possible, so he let Effendi g

21、o.1 This story tells us _. A. how Effendi fooled the king B. when the king would die C. why the Minister died D. Effendi knew the date of everyones death2. The Prime Minister died because _. A. Effendi killed him B. Effendi said he would die C. he was badly ill D. he fell off the horse3. Why did the

22、 king ask Effendi to tell him the date of Effendis own death? A. Because the king wanted to know when he himself would die. B. Because the king wanted to find an excuse to kill Effendi. C. Because he himself had known the date of Effendis death. D. Because he wanted to know when Effendi would die.4.

23、 The king let Effendi go because _. A. he hoped to live a long life B. he was afraid of Effendi C. he didnt believe Effendis words D. he knew the would die two days later5. Which of the following is not true? A. Effendi played a joke on the Minister. B. The king was afraid of death. C. Effendi didnt

24、 know when the king would die D. If the king killed Effendi, he himself would die two days later.【主旨大意】本文讲的是聪明的阿凡提智答国王问题的故事，以致国王为了不让自己死去，而不敢杀死他。1A 综合分析题。由文章可知，为了保全生命，中阿凡提说自己会比国王早死两天。以此愚弄了国王。2D细节理解题。由第一段可知，宰相是从马上摔下来而死的。3B细节推理题。由第一段和第二段可知，国王很生气，杀死阿凡提是他的目的。4A细节理解题。由文章结尾可知，国王是怕自己真的会死去才没有杀死阿凡提，由此推测和A一致。5

25、D判断推理题。本文是要求选择不正确的，国王会在阿凡提死后两天死，这一说法是没有可信性的，只是阿凡提的一个自救说法。故选D。 2 Have you ever been to Taiwan, Chinas biggest island? Do you want to pay a visit there? Well show you the best of Taiwan island. A four-day tour.PriceOnly ￥5,000Including:Round trip plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan. Bus service a

26、round Taiwan. Great tour guide servicePlaces Sun Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, and on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call it the Sun Moon Lake.Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around the Sun Moon Lake.

27、A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.People Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and fresh fish.Gao Xiong A great place to spend a full day shopping.Book (预定) nowOffice hours Monday Friday: 9:

28、00 am 7:00 pmSaturday: 9:00 am 4:00 pmTel: 6459-9561Book by phone now for next month.6The ad wants to _ A. invite more people to take the tour B. tell you something about Taiwan C. describe how beautiful Taiwan is D. show you the best of Taiwan7. If you go on a trip to Taiwan on September 5th, you w

29、ill probably be back on _. A. September 7th B. September 8th C. September 10th D. September 11th 8. _ is a good place for tourists to have a good time with Gaoshan people. A. Sun Moon Lake B. Ali Mountain C. Peng Lake D. Gao Xiong 9. You will visit _ tourist spots if you take the tour.A. 3B. 4C.5D.

30、610. If you want to take the tour to Taiwan, you can book it by phone at_.A. 4:00 pm on Sunday B. 7:00am on Monday C. 4:00pm on Wednesday D. 7:00 am on Saturday6A 主旨大意题。由文章开头可知，此篇文章是旅游海报。故选A。7B细节理解题。由第一段a four-day tour可知，可能是September 8回来。8B细节推理题。由place一栏可以知道，应该是Ali Mountain。故选B。9B 数字统计题。由place一栏提示可统

31、计，应该是四个地方。10C 细节理题题。由office hour一栏可以推算，应该是C.3Lots of people make it as their aim to get to the top of Mount Everest. Mark is one of them. The difference between Mark and other climbers is that he lost both his legs when climbing. New Zealands highest mountain, Mount Cook. He was caught in a big ice

32、hole and he had to have his legs cut below the knees after he was saved. But that couldnt make Mark lose heart, who has become the first person with man-made legs to reach the top of Mount Everest.From the top of the worlds highest mountain, Mark called his wife to say he made it. His wife, Anne got

33、 the phone when she was sleeping. She couldnt hear him clearly on the phone. She was unable to say when he reached the top but thought it was around mid-day. She also said his “legs” didnt work well sometimes, so her husband was carrying a spare leg and repair tools.Mark used to be a mountain guide

34、before his accident. He said it was not important that no one like him had ever reached the 8850-meter mountain.“Im not doing this to be the first. I have been climbing most of my life and I just feel Mount Everest is really a great aim. I want to send a message that I can do-anything better.”11. Wh

35、at was the difference between Mark and other climbers?A. He went mountain-climbing with his wife.B. He climbed mountains with man-made legs.C. He was the first to climb Mount Everest.D. He was the best guide of the world.12. Marks wife thought is was _ on Mount Everest when Mark reached its top.A. n

36、oonB. morningC. mid-nightD. evening13. Which of the following is the correct order in Marks story?a. Losing both of his legs.b. Working as a mountain guide.c. Falling into an ice hole on Mount Cook.d. Reaching the top of Mount Everest.A. c a b dB. c a d bC. b c a dD. b a c d14. Marks story makes us

37、believe that he is a _ man.A. politeB. braveC. kindD. clever15. Mark told us that he cared much about _.A. being the firstB. climbing higherC. keeping healthyD. being a guide【主旨大意】本文讲述了登山爱好者Mark在截肢后仍然攀登高峰Mount Everest的感人故事。11. B细节理解题。从文章的第一段中第三句可知。12. A细节理解题。根据文中的mid-day可知应该是中午，故答案为A。13. C 主旨大意题。根据文

38、章内容可知，Mark最初是一名导游，然后登山掉进冰窟才截肢，然后又攀登高峰，故答案为C。14. B主旨大意题。根据文章故事可知，本文的主人公很勇敢。15. B 主旨大意题。根据文章的最后一段理解可知，他所在乎的是攀登高峰。4Last Friday, a Tibetan(藏族的) postman became the first woman postal worker to give a speech at the World Postal Meeting in Bern, the capital of Switzerland. She was Nima Lamu, a postwoman of

39、 Yunling Post office, Yunnan Province.She said, “I had to cross the Lancang River along a steel wire. My younger brother nearly died in the river before. I felt so afraid when I was asked for the first time to cross the river. But when I reached the other side, I found that I was flying.”Her area is

40、 locked in (封闭) two snowy mountains and three big rivers. She said, “:What worries me most is the snakes on the way. Sometimes, I throw little stones toward them and I often tell my self Keep going. ”Ten years ago, it took Nima five days to finish each weeks mail. She had to face snowstorms, floods,

41、 snakes and loneliness on her 350-kilometer journey. Nima said, “The situation has developed a lot these years. Now we have a bridge that was built across the Lancang River in 2006.”Nima never dreamed she would become famous one day when she first look up her job, 12 years ago. Changes have been see

42、n in recent years as more tourists visit Nimas hometown. But one thing remains unchanged: she is still the carrier of the villagers hopes and dreams.16. Nima was invited to the meeting in Bern because she was _.A. the only Tibetan postman in ChinaB. the first postwoman in the worldC. doing a hard jo

43、b as a postwomanD. making her village famous overnight17. What happened to her brother according to Nima Lamu?A. he once fell into the river.B. He was killed by a snake.C. He died when swimming in the river.D. He got hurt when building the bridge.18. Which picture is TRUE about Nimas crossing the ri

44、ver ten years ago?19. What will Nima do if she finds a snake on the way?A. Kill it with stones.B. Keep it off and go on.C. Throw it away and leave.D. turn around and run.20. What is RTUE about Nima?A. She is building a bridge across the Lancang River.B. She has realized all the villagers dreams.C. S

45、he got her job as a post woman before 2000.D. She doesnt need to do her work now.【主旨大意】本文介绍了一位藏族女邮递员Nima Lamu的感人故事。文章从Nima Lamu在报告中的讲述开始，介绍了她当邮递员的艰辛历程。同时，文章也阐述了这些年来她的工作变化。16. C细节理解题。根据文章的第二段可知，她的工作环境非常艰难。17. A 细节理解题。根据句子“My younger brother nearly died in the river before.”可知答案为A。18. C细节理解题。根据文章中的句子“I had to cross the Lancang River along a steel wire.”可知答案为C。19. B细节理解题。从文章中的第三段最后一句可知，她向蛇扔石头，使它们离开。20. C主旨大意题。从文章可知，她实在2000年前就是邮递员。第 11 页 共 11 页