大学精品课件：专业英语科技英文写作中的常见问题.pptx

1、科技英文写作中的常见问题1.“a,an,the”Examples of incorrect usages:uIncorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on surface of main and splitter blades.uCorrect Figure 2 shows the distribution of relative velocity on the surface of the main and splitter blades.uIncorrect The software PowerSHAPE

2、is chosen to be a 3D modeling tool;it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.uCorrect The software PowerSHAPE is chosen to be the 3D modeling tool;it is good at dealing with free surfaces and curves.a,an,the的用法不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源 1)表示“一个”There is a book on the table.2)代表一类人或物 A knife is a t

3、ool for cutting with.Mr.Smith is an engineer.定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。定冠词的用法:1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.2）上文提到过的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3）指世上独一物二的事物：the sun，the sky，the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar;the fox；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich;the living。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级

4、，及形容词only，very，same等前面：Where do you live?I live on the second floor.Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师They are teachers of this school.指部分教师7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm.8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the Peo

5、ples Republic of China,the United States9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：She plays the piano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人the Greens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)11)用在惯用语中：in the day,in the morning(afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow,the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country),in the dark,in the rain,in the

6、distance,in the middle(of),in the end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre冠词口诀 冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“”的含义表泛指 表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前单数可数名词前必须要加冠词复数可加可不加，意思不同不可数名词可以加定冠词，用于特指 2.Prefacing the main idea of a sentence by stating the purpose,location or reason

7、 first uIncorrect For the application in automobile interiors,this paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing.uCorrect This paper studies the nesting optimization problem in leather manufacturing for application in automobile interiors.uIncorrect To ensure sheet metal qu

8、ality as well as assembly quality,CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production.uCorrect CMMs are widely used in automotive industry production to ensure sheet metal quality as well as assembly quality.3.Tendency of placing phrases which indicate time at the beginning of a sentenceuIncorrec

9、t When U is taken as the control parameter,the BDs for =0.0,0.001,0.005 are shown in Fig.8.uCorrect Figure 8 shows the BDs for =0.0,0.001,and 0.005 when U is taken as the control parameter.4.Place the most important subject at the beginning of the sentence for emphasisuIncorrect Based on the triangu

10、lation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model,the extended STL format is described in this section.4uCorrect The extended STL format is described in this section based on the triangulation structure built from unorganized points or a CAD model.5.In this paper,in this studyTwo errors

11、occur when these phrases are used.The first is overuse.In some papers written by Chinese,these phrases can occur as much as twice per page.In papers written by native English writers these phrases are reserved for primarily two uses1.In the introduction and conclusion to emphasize the content of the

12、 paper.2.In the body of the paper,after referring to work not done by the author such as in other journal articles or in standard.Therefore,if either phrase occurs more than three times in a paper,its use is questionable.The second error is more subtle.The two phrases are interchanged.uAwkward In th

13、is paper,IDEAS was used to.uCorrect In this study,IDEAS was used to.uThe study is the work the author/s did.The paper is the mode to present this work and is what the reader is holding/reading.Keep in mind the writer can also use other phrases such as in this research,and this paper present.6.Number

14、s and EquationsTwo very common errors are those concerning the presentation of Arabic numerals,and equations.Chinese writers usually write Arabic numerals instead of spelling out the word.The use of Arabic numerals,itself,is not an error however;they should never be used at the beginning of sentence

15、s.uIncorrect 12 parameters were selected for the experiment.uCorrect Twelve parameters were selected for the experiment.In addition,Arabic numerals are overused.Arabic numerals should be used to give data in technical papers,however they should not be used to give general information.Incorrect All 3

16、 studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.Correct All three studies concluded that the mean temperature should be 30C.7.such as and etc.Such as means for example and implies that an incomplete list will follow;etc.means and so on and is used at the end of a list to show it is not co

17、mplete.Therefore,using such as and etc.together is redundant.uIncorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly focus on durable products such as automobile motors,printers,and etc.uCorrect Studies of methodology and process of implementing remanufacturing mainly fo

18、cus on durable products such as automobile motors,and printers.uSuch as means that an incomplete list will be given and should not be used when a complete list is given.uIncorrect Compared to traditional industry,Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics such as high complexity,high precision and high automation.uCorrect Compared to traditional industry,Micro-electronic fabrication has three characteristics:high complexity,high precision and high automation.8.Very long sentences