题型三阅读理解 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、一、总回顾一、总回顾阅读理解是广东省中考的一个重要题型，分值高，题量大。中考题型中直接考阅读能力的有30分，但与阅读能力有关的题型则有65分，超过中考分数的一半，可见得阅读者得天下。在省题中，阅读理解有3篇，分别标为A、B、C。在这三篇文章中，A篇为应用文体类（包括图表、广告等），词数约为180250个。B篇为普通阅读类（包括科普知识、国家风俗习惯、新闻、历史等），词数约为250300个。C篇为配对阅读(左栏是五个个体的介绍或描述，右边是七个相关的项目，要求学生将相关的个体和项目配对)，词数约为370450个。阅读文章的选材多为时文，重视社会热点问题，追踪科技前沿，贴近学生的生活实际。考查的方

2、式均为有备选答案的选择题(多数是完成句子型的选择题，少数为问句)。一共15小题。广东省中考英语试卷中阅读理解的题型主要有五种：1.细节理解题；2.推理判断题；3.词义猜测题；4.主旨大意题；5.信息匹配题。这几种题型对学生的要求不一样，难度也不同。其中，细节理解题和信息匹配题在考试中所占的比例最大。二、历年回顾二、历年回顾A（应用文）话题学校故事与诗歌日常活动安全与救护日常活动主题禁毒绘画比赛国际诗歌比赛世界蜜蜂日校园内外的欺凌现象培养团队精神与增进团队沟通词数约250词约240词约260词约260词约240词考点细节理解题*4推理判断题*1细节理解题*4逻辑排序题*1细节理解题*4推理判断题

3、*1细节理解题*4推理判断题*1细节理解题*4推理判断题*1续表续表B（说明文）话题人际交往自然科普知识与现代技术科普知识与现代技术自然主题交流方式介绍北极圈光在水下的反射现象机器人的特征保护大象词数约270词约270词约280词约270词约230词考点细节理解题*3词义猜测题*1主旨大意题*1推理判断题*1细节理解题*2词义猜测题*1主旨大意题*1细节理解题*3词义猜测题*1主旨大意题*1代词指代题*1细节理解题*2词义猜测题*1主旨大意题*1细节理解题*3词义猜测题*1主旨大意题*1续表续表C（配对阅读）话题科普知识与现代技术旅游与交通个人兴趣学校个人兴趣主题应用软件介绍丝绸之路的旅游路线

4、中国传统文化活动介绍学生组建社团中国传统文化线上展览词数约380词约360词约340词约310词约310词考点信息匹配题*5信息匹配题*5信息匹配题*5信息匹配题*5信息匹配题*5一、一、解题指导解题指导1.1.细节理解题细节理解题细节理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握以及计算能力，内容涉及询问事实(时间、地点、人物、事件)、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度一般。通常正确答案不是照搬的原文。干扰选项则正好相反，有的来自原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容；有的与原句内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动；有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部

5、分正确或部分错误。细节理解题考的是细节问题，所以要求我们在原文中找出相关的细节，并加以推敲，从而得出正确答案。故答这类题目有三个步骤。（1）在题干(或每个选项)中找到线索词。线索词一般是题干里的实词(名词、动词、形容词或副词)。（2）运用寻读策略，在文段中寻找与线索词相同或相关内容的地方。（3）运用逻辑思维能力进行比较、推敲和计算等，最后选定答案。2.2.推理判断题推理判断题与细节理解题不同，推理判断题的问题在材料中没有直接且清晰的表述，一般不能在材料中找到现成的答案，而是要根据上下文所提供的暗示，经过思考、归纳、分析并进行合理的推理后才能得出答案。推理判断题可分为三种：（1）语义理解题；（2

6、）结论推理题；（3）出处推理题。语义理解题要求考生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出隐含的含义；结论推理题要求考生根据文章所列举的事实做出符合逻辑的推断；出处推理题是根据文章中的暗示信息，推断出文章的出处。推理判断题难度较大。我们一定要从整体上理解语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义中架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。（1）了解题干意思，并根据答案中的线索词，运用略读策略，在文中寻找相关线索。（2）根据常识进行推理和判断，并选定答案。(3)如有需要，则根据逻辑关系(时间、因果、条件、比较、转折、让步等)进行推理和判断，并选定答案。3.3.词义猜测题词义猜测题在广东省中考英语试

7、卷中，词义猜测题一般有1小题。该小题是从材料中挑选一个课标外的词汇，并用黑体加下划线标明，题目的四个答案一般用中文表述，要求考生利用已学知识，猜测出单词或短语在材料中的中文含义。词义猜测题可分为两种方式：（1）通过上下文猜测；（2）通过构词法猜测。（1）通过上下文猜测：先在文段中找到要猜的词，然后仔细阅读该词前后的材料，寻找相关线索。根据相关线索、常识以及逻辑关系(因果、条件、同反义、转折、释义等)进行猜测，并选定答案。（2）通过构词法猜测：先研究要猜词的结构，找出词根，并理解词根的意思。根据前缀后缀的意思，结合词根意思进行猜测，并选定答案。4.4.主旨大意题主旨大意题（1）在广东省中考英语试

8、卷中，主旨大意题一般有12小题。它的命题出处常体现在以下几个地方:段首、段尾句常考。一般来说,短文中第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的表达处；有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此,命题者常在这些地方出题。特殊标点符号处常考。尤其在段首的特殊符号之后的内容,往往表达了作者的论点,阐述了全文的主题。语义转折处常考,尤其是在段首处的语义转折处。因果句常考。因果句也可表现出作者的目的、观点或文章主题,因此可成为考点。（2）此类题目的三个错误答案主要体现在以下几个方面：以偏概全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。过于笼统。即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。把

9、观点强加于作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。无关信息。即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。5.5.信息匹配题信息匹配题信息匹配题分为两部分。左栏是对五个个体情况的描述或介绍，一般用阿拉伯数字表示序号；右栏是七个可供选择的活动或项目，一般用英语字母表示序号。要求考生从右边七个选项中，选出五个选项与左边五个个体相匹配。此类题目与其他阅读题型不一样，它没有题干。而且同一篇阅读中所考的话题也是变化多端的。可以是单一的一种，也可以是多种集合。信息匹配题一般来说难度较小，只要认真阅读，找到相关的细节并加以研读，一般都能选对正确答案。常用的技巧与解题步骤有以下几个。（1

10、）阅读左栏的第一个个体介绍或描述，找到相关的线索词。（2）带着相关的线索词，运用略读策略，在右栏寻找相同或相关的线索词。（3）线索词吻合后，细看和比较相关的两栏的细节情况，并进行判断，一切吻合则可选定答案。（4）其他的匹配如此类推。二、考题精解（以二、考题精解（以20202020年广东省中考题为例）年广东省中考题为例）It is necessary for students to learn some team skills like developing relationships,communicating well with others and solving problems.Her

11、e are two fun team activities.Activity 1Activity 1：Water Relay(Water Relay(接力赛接力赛)ToolsToolsTwo large buckets(水桶)to hold waterOne small bucket for each team memberA A续表续表InstructionsInstructionsFill one large bucket with water.Make holes in the bottom of the small buckets.Have the team members line

12、up between the two large buckets.Pass the water from one large bucket to the other,using small buckets.Try to keep as much water as possible.Why Its FunWhy Its FunIts fun to work out a way to lose as little water as possible.Its water.Isnt it fun to get you wet on a hot summer day?Activity 2Activity

13、 2：Truth and LieTruth and LieThis activity will allow team members to learn about each other.InstructionsInstructionsHave each team member think of three pieces of information about themselves,and one of them is a lie.Each team member tells the group all the three pieces of information.Let the other

14、 team members guess which is the lie.续表续表Why Its FunWhy Its FunStudents love talking about themselves and this gives them the chance to do so.Members can learn about each other.Members will be surprised at what others think of them.续表续表51How many team skills does the writer mention(提及)in Paragraph 1

15、?AOne.B.Two.C.Three.DFour.52What tools are needed for each team in Water Relay?AOne large bucket for each member.BTwo large buckets for each member.COne small bucket for each member and two large buckets.DTwo small buckets for each member and one large bucket.53In order to win Water Relay,the team m

16、embers should _Aget themselves wetBlose as little water as possibleCpass the water as slowly as possibleDpass the large bucket to the other team54It is fun to play Truth and Lie because team members can _Atalk about themselvesB.share love with each otherCtell lies to surprise othersD.learn all the i

17、nformation about others55This passage is most probably from_Aa science bookB.a travel guideCa news websiteD.a school magazine本文主要介绍了两个有趣的适合学生的团队活动：水接力赛、真相与谎言。语语篇篇解解读读51.C 细节理解题。从第一段的some team skills like后面可找到团队技能的细节有developing relationships,communicating well with others and solving problems，共3种。52.

18、C 细节理解题。从Activity 1的Tools部分可知工具是two large buckets，one small bucket for each team member。符合这个条件的只有C选项。答答案案解解析析53.B 细节理解题。从Activity 1的Instructions部分的最后一点可知获胜的要点是keep as much water as possible。符合这个意思的只有B选项。54.A 细节理解题。从Activity 2的Why Its Fun部分可找到4个细节，并进行一一比对。最后只有A选项talk about themselves符合原文的意思。55.D 推理判断

19、题。此题要求推理出这篇文章出自哪里。从文章介绍的两个活动可知这篇文章最有可能来自一本学校的杂志。B BOnce there were many thousands of Gourma Desert(沙漠)elephants in Mali,a country in West Africa.Now,there are fewer than four hundred.Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly?On the one hand,the elephants main lake,their only water source(来

20、源),dried up.On the other hand,the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.To protect the elephants living environment,the Mali Elephant Project(MEP)was started in 2007.MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water.As a result,the situation became bette

21、r and there was more food,forest and grassland.However,from 2012 to 2016,poaching(偷猎)and illegalillegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly.Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone,and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016.“If this situation goes on,all the Gourma elephants will

22、 be killed by 2020,”said a member of MEP.Luckily,the voice of MEP was heard.More organizations(组织)have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law.Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level.The local people have learned to live peacefully with the ele

23、phants,one of the wildlife treasures in the world.56MEP was started to _Araise more elephants in MaliB.stop the main lake from drying upCdiscover water source for elephantsD.protect the elephants living environment57What does the word“illegalillegal”in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese?A公平的B.亏损的C.非法的D.合理的

24、58Eighty-three elephants were lost _Ain 2012B.in 2015D.in 2016D.in 202059We can learn from the last paragraph that _Athe number of organizations has droppedBthere is much less elephant poaching nowCthe local people keep the elephants at homeDthe whole world live peacefully with elephants60This passa

25、ge is mainly about _Athe rules of using land and waterBthe education of the local peopleCthe work of Mali Elephant ProjectDthe situation of Gourma Desert elephants这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了马里大象项目(MEP)保护大象的举措和努力。语语篇篇解解读读56.D 细节理解题。从第三段的“To protect the elephants living environment,the Mali Elephant Project(MEP)w

26、as started in 2007”可知MEP建立起来的目的是保护大象的生存环境。答答案案解解析析57.C 猜测词义题。从第四段的“poaching(偷猎)and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly”可知“对大象的偷猎和交易增长得很快。”又因为and连接的两部分意思要相近或同一方向，而偷猎是不好的，所以先把A和D选项排除，再根据“交易增长很快”可知不可能是亏损的交易。所以答案是“非法的”。58.B 细节理解题。从第四段的“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone”可知答案是“in

27、 2015”。59.B 细节理解题。从最后一段可找到4个细节，并进行一一比对。最后只有B选项“there is much less elephant poaching now”符合原文的意思。60.D 主旨大意题。从第二段的首句可知“为什么大象的数量下降如此快”;从第三段的首句可知“MEP建立的目的是保护大象的生存环境”；从第四段的首句可知“偷猎和非法交易导致大象数量下降”；从最后一段的首句可知“更多组织团结起来，教育当地人们大象交易是违法的，至此大象偷猎才得到控制”。由每段的首句意思综合起来可知：此文章主要讲Gourma 沙漠大象的情况。C C配对阅读。左栏是在华工作的外籍专家Mr.Jack

28、 Frank家庭成员的信息，右栏是关于中国传统文化线上展览的简介。请为每位家庭成员选择合适的展览，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。61Mr.Jack Frank(the father)is a scientist.He is doing research on Chinese solar terms(节气).62Mrs.Frank(the mother)is a housewife.She likes cooking and she cooks for the family every day.63Alice(the daughter)is learning painting in a u

29、niversity.She hopes to be an artist in the future.AChinese traditional sports and activities are the cultural heritage(文化遗产)of China.Most of them not only are good for health but also have high artistic value.BFood and drink has a special meaning to Chinese people.Eating does not just mean filling t

30、he stomach.What and how to eat is more important.64Adam(the son)is studying in a primary school.He loves Tang poems so much that he learns one every day.65Mr.Kelvin Frank(the grandfather)used to be a sportsman.Now he practises Taiji every morning.CTraditional festivals play an important part in Chin

31、ese cultural heritage.There are a large number of traditional festivals in China.They carry rich information about the life of Chinese people.DThe art of paper cutting was first developed in China.Chinese 续表续表paper-cuts have been a traditional form of decoration(装饰)at the Chinese New Year for thousa

32、nds of years.EChinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world.The artists paint on rice paper or thin silk with brushes.续表续表FIn the past 3,500 years,China has developed its own form of cultural traditions,values and tastes.Tang poems are said to be the finest of Chinese litera

33、ture(文学).GThe twenty-four solar terms have a history of thousands of years in China.They are still useful today in peoples life.续表续表本文介绍了杰克弗兰克先生一家的基本情况和喜好，以及中国传统文化展览。语语篇篇解解读读61.G 信息匹配题。左栏的关键词是solar terms，右栏只有G选项有此关键词。62.B 信息匹配题。左栏的关键词是cooking，右栏只有B选项可找到Food and drink与关键词相关。63.E 信息匹配题。左栏的关键词是painting

34、，右栏只有E选项有此关键词。答答案案解解析析64.F 信息匹配题。左栏的关键词是Tang poems，右栏只有F选项有此关键词。65.A 信息匹配题。左栏的关键词是sportsman，右栏只有A选项可找到sports与关键词相关。20192019广东A A Bullying（欺凌）can happen to anyone.A great many children around the world are bullied every year,but there are things that can be done to help.What is bullyingWhat is bullyi

35、ng？Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again.Bullying can happen at school,out of school and online.Bullying includes:calling people mean（恶意的）nameslaughing at peopletelling lies about peopletaking someones things without permission（允许）not letting someone play in a grou

36、phitting people.续表续表What is cyberbullying?What is cyberbullying?Cyberbullying includes:sending bad messages onlinesharing photos online without permissionnot letting someone be part of an online groupspreading lies online.What can you do?What can you do?续表续表If someone is not kind to you,tell an adul

37、t that you know and like.For example,talk to a parent or a teacher.If you get bad messages,dont reply.You should save them and give them to your teacher,your family,or the police.Ask an adult for help.Dont share something before you make sure it is true.That will help stop the cyberbullying.Talk to

38、your parents or teacher or an adult if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.Say sorry if you are not kind to someone.You can write a message or talk to the person.And always remember:think about how to be kind in the future.For more information,visit our home page at .续表续表()56.Accor

39、ding to the passage,the followings are bullying EXCEPT _.A.calling people mean namesB.hitting peopleC.telling lies about peopleD.laughing with peopleD D()57.Cyberbullying means bullying _.A.at schoolB.at homeC.on the streetD.on the Internet()58.When you get bad messages online,you should _.A.share t

40、hem with friends B.give them to your teacherC.reply to them at onceD.keep them as your secretsD DB B()59.If you are not kind to someone,you should _.A.say sorry to him B.talk about it in publicC.ask your parents to say sorryD.feel sad and keep quiet()60.This passage is mainly written for _.A.teacher

41、sB.parentsC.childrenD.the policeA AC CB BIn our daily life,robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous,boring,difficult,or dirty.And we often see kids play with toy robots.But what exactly is a robot?There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have.These characteristics

42、 might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot.It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot.A robot has these important characteristics:SensingSensing First of all,your robot would have to be able to sense the environmen

43、t around it.Give your robot sensors(传感器)：light sensors(eyes),touch sensors(hands),chemical sensors(nose),hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue).MovementMovement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment.It can move on wheels,walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机).A rob

44、ot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.EnergyEnergy A robot needs to be able to power itself.Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity,while others with the battery(电池).The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.Intelli

45、genceIntelligence A robot needs some kind of“smarts”.A programmer is the person who gives the robot its“smarts”.The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.()61.The underlined word“itit”in Paragraph 2 is about _.A.the toyB.the characteristic C.t

46、he machineD.the engine()62.The chemical sensors may help a robot to _.A.seeB.catchC.hearD.smellC CD D()63.In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.()64.The Chinese meaning of“IntelligenceIntelligence”in the last paragraph is _.A.能源B.勤奋C.智能D.外观B B

47、C C()65.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To help people understand what a robot is.B.To tell what a robot can do in our life.C.To describe the movement of a robot.D.To introduce the history of robots.A AC C配对阅读。左栏是五位学生打算成立俱乐部时所遇到的问题,右栏是相应的建议,请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的建议，并将其字母编号填写在题号前的括号内。()66.Jack pl

48、ans to create a cooking club at school.He wants to know how much it will cost.()67.Sam cares about the environment very much.But he doesnt know how to start an environmental club in school.A.Setting up an English club is one of the things we are going to do this term.So do it right now.Lets see how

49、many people will join and then decide where and when to meet.B.You must know that pools are expensive to build,and they usually take several years to complete.So I think its a good idea to get the swimmers to a nearby pool.D DF FC.Reading poems can be very fun.You can first ask your classmates to jo

50、in,and then they will invite their own friends to join it.续表续表续表()68.Creating a swimming club is Mikes dream.However,he isnt sure whether his school can help to build a pool.()69.Sue is thinking of starting an English club.But she worries about the time and the place they can meet.D.Your plan sounds