第五节介词 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、介词在句中一般不能单独使用，必须和它的宾语（即后面的名词、代词或动名词等）构成介词短语，才能在句中作状语、表语、定语、宾补等。如：We are studying in the classroom.我们正在教室里学习。（作状语）My parents are at home.我的父母在家里。（作表语）Let me tell you something about her.让我来告诉你一些有关她的事情。（作定语）I keep my hands behind my back.我把手别在身后。（作宾补）in强调某个时间段,常用于：(1)上午、下午、晚上或年、月、季节等之前;(2)in+将来的时间段，表示

2、“在之后”,用于一般将来时。in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上in 2012在2012年in May在5月There will be more cars in ten years.十年后将会有更多的小汽车。考考点点精精讲讲续表续表on表示具体的某一天，用于：(1)具体的节日、日期、星期几；(2)某一天的上午、下午、晚上；(3)有形容词修饰的某一天。on July 1st 在7月1日on Sunday morning在星期天早上on a rainy morning在一个下雨的早上续表续表at(1)在某一具体的时刻或短暂的时间“点”前,也可指一段时

3、间;(2)固定短语。at six oclock在6点钟at noon在中午at Christmas在圣诞节at midnight在半夜续表续表after表示“在之后”。用于：（1）after+过去的时间段=过去的时间段+later;（2）after+（过去或将来）时间点。He returned after a month.=He returned a month later.一个月后他回来了。He came back after eight oclock last evening.他昨天晚上八点钟后回来的。He will come back after eight oclock this ev

4、ening.他将在今天晚上八点后回来。续表续表during意为“在期间”。during the Spring Festival在春节期间during the war在战争期间by后接时间时表示“不迟于”(相当于 not later than)。by then到那时by10 p.m.不迟于晚上10点钟续表续表before表示“在之前/以前”。用于：（1）指动作发生在过去或将来某一个时刻之前,常用于过去完成时和一般将来时,后面一般接时间点或从句；（2）单独使用时泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用。He had gone out before I came in.在我进来前他已经出去了。Ill get t

5、o Australia before 12：00.我将于12点之前到达澳大利亚。续表续表before注注意 ago是副词,意为“以前”,表示从现在起到过去某一时间点之前的时间。与before不同,它不能与表时间点的状语连用,只能与表示时间段的状语连用,放在表示时间段的名词之后,一般只用于一般过去时态。I have seen the film before.我以前看过这部电影。I met him three years ago.我三年前见过他。续表续表for后接时间段,表示动作或状态延续一段时间，常用于完成时。She has worked here for five years.她已经在这儿工作

6、五年了。since表示“自以后；从以来”，后接（过去的）时间点、动名词或（一般过去时态的）句子，常用于完成时。Weve lived here since 1994.自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。Prices have climbed by 21%since the beginning of the year.年初以来，物价已经上涨了21%。I havent met him since he left.他离开后我再没见过他了。续表续表from表示“从(时间)起”,常与to或till连用。My father goes to work from Monday to Friday.从星期一到星期五

7、，我父亲都要上班。()1.What time do you usually go to school,Jack？_ about half past seven.A.On B.In C.At D.For()2.The birds will leave for the south _ winter and come back _ spring.A.in;inB.for;inC.after;onD.at;on考考点点演演练练C CA A()3.Peter was born _ the morning of November 13th.A.onB.inC.atD.of()4.We have four

8、classes _ the daytime and two _ night.A.at;atB.in;atC.in;onD.on;at()5._ the summer vacation，we went to five places of interest in Xian.A.OnB.AtC.DuringD.ByA AB BC C考考点点精精讲讲一、表示地点和方位的介词一、表示地点和方位的介词in（1）表示A和B的关系为相属（即：A属于B）；（2）表示在某个较大的地方（国家、城市等）；（3）固定短语。Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部（在内部）。in Shan

9、ghai 在上海in the tree 在树上（外来物栖息停留在树上）in the middle of 在中间续表续表on（1）表示A和B接壤且相邻;（2）表示“在上面”,指两物体表面相互接触；（3）在固定短语中。Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南的南边。(接壤)on the wall在墙上(挂在表面)on the left在左边on the tree在树上(树叶、果实等长在树上或其他物体固定悬挂在树枝上)续表续表to(1)表示A和B的关系为相隔，即相邻但不接壤;(2)表示动作的方向。Japan is to the east of China.日本

10、在中国东边。(不接壤)walk to the lake 向湖边走去at(1)表示“在”，强调把地方、地点、位置当作一个“点”;(2)表示在某个较小的地方(村庄、城镇、街道等)。at 152 Jianguo Street在建国路152号She works at the post office.她在邮局工作。They arrived at a small village.他们到达了一个小村庄。补补充 其他表示方位的常用介词：near 在附近；next to 紧挨着；round/around 在周围；by 在旁边。二、表示方式或手段的介词二、表示方式或手段的介词in（1）表示用某种语言、语调、笔墨、

11、颜色、支付方式等；（2）in+冠词/所有格+交通工具（car,ship,boat 等）；（3）表示通过电影方式(即：in the film在电影中）。Can you sing this song in Japanese?你能用日语唱这首歌吗?go to Shanghai in the car坐小汽车去上海I saw your father in the film.我在电影中见过你父亲。续表续表on(1)on+冠词/所有格+交通工具（bus,train,plane,bike 等）。(2)表示通过除电影外的其他与电有关的方式或手段，如电话、电报、收音机、网络等；He came back on th

12、e bus.他是坐公共汽车回来的。They talked on the phone.他们通过电话进行交谈。续表续表with表示用某种工具、手段,一般接具体的工具或手段。I write with a pen.我用钢笔写字。by(1)表示用某种方法、手段，意为“通过;依靠”；(2)泛指使用某种交通工具（即：by+交通工具），交通工具前不加任何词。She makes a living by selling clothes.她以卖衣服为生。I go there by bus.我坐公共汽车去那儿。()1.Shenzhen is _ the south of Dongguan and _ the sout

13、h of Zhuhai.A.in;onB.on;toC.on;inD.on;in()2.Her mother goes to work _ bus every morning.A.by B.at C.on D.in考考点点演演练练B BA A()3.Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A.between B.with C.in D.under()4.I usually get to my office _ subway.But this morning,I went to work _ my friends car.A.by;by B

14、.by;inC.in;byD.in;inC CB B()5.How do you improve your listening skills?_ listening to tapes.A.ByB.WithC.OnD.ForA A考考点点精精讲讲about意为“关于”。Tell me all about it.把这件事全部告诉我。续表续表against作“反对；违背”讲时，反义词是for，常用在fight，strive，struggle等词后面，着重表示在困难中“斗争”或“反抗”的意思。We should fight against terrorism.我们应该反对恐怖主义。beyond（1）表

15、示时间，意为“迟于；超过”;（2）表示范围、水平、限度、能力等，意为“超出；多于；为所不能及”。It wont go on beyond midnight.这件事不会延续到午夜以后。Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。续表续表for(1)表示对象、用途等，意为“给；对；供”；(2)表示目的，意为“为了”；(3)表示一段时间；(4)表示原因。Theres a letter for you.这有你的一封信。What can I do for you?我有什么可以为你效劳？Im going awa

16、y for a few days.我要离开几天。I couldnt speak for laughing.我笑得说不出来话。续表续表with（1）意为“有；具有；带有”；（2）表示伴随,意为“由于；随着”；(3)意为“和一起；和；同”。a lady with red hair一位红发女郎Skill comes with practice.熟能生巧。I will go with you.我将和你去。without 意为“没有；缺乏”。They have gone two days without food.他们两天没吃东西了。注注意 一些易混淆的介词详见本书的第一部分第一节的“介词辨析”(P8P

17、11)。()1.Your mother is looking for you _ the classroom.You cant stand _ the classroom to meet her.You have to go out to meet her.A.in front of;in the front ofB.in the front of;in the front ofC.in front of;in front ofD.in the front of;in front of考考点点演演练练A A()2.People arent allowed to drive _ a driver

18、 license.A.withB.withoutC.aboutD.from()3.My mothers birthday is coming.I am going to buy a gift _ her.A.toB.with C.forD.byB BC C()4.The woman _ red is my mother.She is filling a bottle _ some water.A.in;byB.in;inC.in;withD.with;in()5.These were matters _ his understanding as yet.A.for B.beyond C.unt

19、il D.withC CB B考考点点精精讲讲注注意“常考的介词短语”详见本书的第一部分第二节的“介词、副词相同的短语辨析”(P29P42)。下面再补充一些常考的介词短语：at once立刻at last最后at the age of在岁时 at first起初；首先at the end of在结束时 at the beginning of在之初at the foot of在脚下 at the same time同时at night/noon在夜里/中午 after a while过了一会儿after class课后 all over到处；遍及；结束according to根据 as a re

20、sult(作为)结果；因此because of因为；由于 by air/bike乘飞机/骑自行车 by the way顺便说一下 by the window在窗边 by the end of到为止 from to 从到from now on从现在起 from then on从那时起for example例如 far away from远离from morning till night从早到晚 from time to time不时；偶尔in all总共 in fact事实上in ones twenties在某人二十几岁时 in a hurry匆忙in the middle of在中间 in t

21、ime及时in surprise吃惊 in order有序的(地)in need of需要;缺少 in other words换句话说in turn依次 in order to为了in public当众 instead of代替;而不是in danger处在危险状态 next to紧接着；相邻;次于on duty值日;值班 on show展出on time准时 on foot步行on the other hand另一方面 on the weekend/on weekends在周末on the right/left在右/左边 on the other side of在另一边on/over the

22、 radio通过收音机(无线电广播)on ones way to在某人去的路上with ones help在某人的帮助下 with the help of在的帮助下with a smile面带微笑 with ones own eyes亲眼看见()1.Simon improved his way of study._,he has made great progress.A.As a result B.As usual C.In other words D.In all()2._ the end of last spring,Liu Pengwei joined the army _ the e

23、nd.A.At;at B.By;in C.In;at D.At;in考考点点演演练练A AD D()3.You will get one thousand dollars _.A.after all B.at all C.in all D.all together()4.There is a big farm _ of the mountain.A.at the foot B.on the foot C.at the feet D.on the feetC CA A()5.On my way _ home,I met a lady _ a smile on her face.A.to;with

24、 B.to;have C./;with D./;haveC C介词主要在语法选择和短文填空中考查。具体如下：1.语法选择：考查时间介词、地点与方位介词以及固定搭配等的用法，针对此类试题，考生要熟记在时间、地点前常用介词的用法，也要掌握一些短语搭配中介词的用法。并结合前后语境来选择正确的选项。如：One day,her teacher went into the classroom _31_ some kites.（2020广东）A.toB.inC.withD.by解析解析：此题考介词with。表示“带着”的用法。所以答案选C。2.短文填空：短文填空对介词的考查也是时间介词、地点与方位介词以及固

25、定搭配等的用法。针对此类试题，考生要熟记在时间、地点前常用介词的用法，也要掌握一些短语搭配中介词的用法。再结合句意和用法确定用哪一个介词。如：Jane took part in a winter camp _67_ the age of eight.（2020广东）解析解析：此题考介词的固定搭配at the age of。所以答案填at。一、语法选择（专练）一、语法选择（专练）Once upon a time a rich man invited his friends to a party and they drank a lot of wine._ last there was only

26、a pot(壶)of wine left.All of them didnt want to share it _ others any more.But who could drink it?Something must be done to decide who was the owner _ the wine.At last they thought of an idea and decided to have a match.1 12 23 3The person who finished the painting of a snake _ could drink the wine a

27、lone,so they began drawing.One of them drew quickly.When he finished,he saw _ were still busy drawing.He said,“How slow you are!I am the first to finish the painting and I still have enough time to draw something else.”So he added feet to the snake.However,before he could finish the feet,another man

28、 also finished drawing.He took _ the pot and said,“Who has ever seen a 4 45 56 6snake _ feet?Snakes have no feet,so _ is not a snake.I am the winner,I will get the wine.”With the words,he drank _ the wine.The man looked at his snake and regretted what he did._ him,it was the foolish thing to add fee

29、t to the snake.7 78 89 91010()1.A.AtB.InC.OnD.For()2.A.toB.withC.aboveD.under()3.A.atB.onC.ofD.for()4.A.oneB.twoC.firstD.second()5.A.anotherB.otherC.the otherD.others A AB BC CC CD D()6.A.againstB.inC.upD.away()7.A.withB.onC.byD.to()8.A.yourB.youC.yoursD.yourself()9.A.outB.upC.offD.behind()10.A.ForB

30、.ToC.AsD.On D DA AC CB BA A二、短文填空（专练）二、短文填空（专练）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在横线上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。When I was about twelve,I suddenly felt like writing poems.I gave _ all my other hobbies,such as collecting stamps and singing songs,and spent all my spare time reading and writing poems.Besides,if a less

31、on did not interest me,Id take _ my notebook and start writing poems in class.Of course 11111212I did this very carefully,but I was caught _ a teacher at last.One day while I was busy writing a poem _ a geography class,I looked up to find the teacher standing over me,looking at me _ anger because I

32、wasnt paying attention _ the class.He tore up(撕毁)my poem,with a warning not to waste time in his class.But I felt sure that I wrote a good poem,so that evening I wrote it out again _ 13131414151516161717memory.Not long after,I read _ a poetry contest(竞赛)and I decided to send in my poem.Weeks later,l

33、ong after I gave up hope,I got the news that I won the first prize.Everyone at school was very happy,_ the geography teacher,who watched me more carefully than ever.It was difficult _ him to accept the news.He considered that I couldnt write poems in his class!18181919202011._12._13._14._ 15._16._17._18._19._20._upupoutoutbybyduring/induring/inwithwithtotofromfromaboutaboutexceptexceptforfor