第一节同义词、近义词的归纳总结和辨析 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、名词类辨析名词类辨析【辨析【辨析】(1)noise意为“噪音；喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。(2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。(3)sound意为“声音；响声”，其含义和使用范围较广，可指用耳朵听到的自然界的任何声音。【演练演练】()1.Her _ sounds sweet.Everybody likes her songs very much.A.noiseB.voiceC.soundD.music()2.At the foot of the hill，you could hear nothing but the _ of the running water.A.s

2、ound B.voice C.noise D.noisy()3.Dont make any _.The baby is sleeping.A.voiceB.songC.noiseD.funB BA AC C【辨析【辨析】（1）home意为“家”，指人们出生或居住的地方，也指“家乡；故乡”。（2）house意为“住房；住宅”，侧重指人们居住的房子或建筑物。（3）family意为“家庭；家庭成员”，不用于指住房。family强调整体概念的“家庭”时，看作是单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；强调“家庭成员”时，看作是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。注注意 families一般表示“多个家庭”。【演

3、练【演练】()1.He has been in Shenzhen for ten years.Shenzhen has become his second _.A.home B.family C.house D.place()2.He spent a lot of money buying a new _ in Guangzhou last month.A.homeB.houseC.familyD.roomA AB B()3.Our _ has lived in this house for over ten years.A.family B.home C.house D.buildingA

4、A【辨析【辨析】(1)news意为“新闻；消息”，侧重一个“新”字，是不可数名词。(2)information意为“信息；资料”，侧重内容和价值，指在学习、调查或交谈中获得的消息、资料和知识等，是不可数名词。(3)message意为“消息；音信”，一般指口头传递的“口信”或书写的“消息”，是可数名词。【演练演练】()1.Every morning，I read the newspaper to get the latest _.A.messageB.advice C.news D.information()2.If you want to get some _ about the trip t

5、o Hainan,please search this website.A.newsB.information C.message D.ideaC CB B()3.Would you please give a _ to Kate?She is not at home.A.message B.information C.news D.messagesA A【辨析【辨析】(1)advice意为“建议；劝告”，是不可数名词。常见搭配有：give some advice，ask for advice等。(2)suggestion意为“建议；提议”，侧重于（供人参考的）想法，是可数名词。【演练演练】(

6、)1.I dont know what to do.Can you give me some _？A.suggestionB.planC.mistakesD.advice()2.Your _ sound good.I want to follow them.A.suggestionsB.introductionsC.informationD.adviceD DA A【辨析【辨析】（1）problem意为“困难；难题”，指说话者认为难以解决的问题，常与动词solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。（2）question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer连用。此外，probl

7、em还可指数学、化学或物理等的习题，而question却无此含义。【演练演练】()1.The _ is so difficult that we have lots of _ to ask.A.question;problems B.question;problemC.problem;question D.problem;questions()2.The physics _ which Max worked out was really difficult.He was a genius！A.questions B.problems C.problem D.questionD DC C【辨析【

8、辨析】(1)job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词。(2)work指人们日常生活或工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动，是不可数名词。另外，work还可意为“著作；作品”，是可数名词，复数形式为works。【演练演练】()1.The room is in a mess.We have to do a lot of _ to make it clean.A.jobsB.workC.worksD.job()2.He was a lucky dog because he got a good _ after graduating from university.A.jobsB.jobC.workD.thing(

9、)3.Lu Xuns _ are famous all over the world.Many people have read them.A.workB.worksC.jobsD.jobB BB BB B动词类辨析动词类辨析【辨析辨析】(1)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调动作，后接物。(2)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，后接物。(3)dress意为“给穿衣服”，后接人。(4)in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或后置定语。【演练演练】()1.On New Years Day,Rose always _ a new coat.It

10、makes her look more beautiful.A.hasB.puts onC.inD.wears()2.Its cold outside._ your coat when you go out.A.Have onB.WearC.Put onD.Take offD DC C()3.The woman _ red is our English teacher.She is pretty.A.dressedB.inC.has onD.with()4.Do you believe the boy _ blue can _ himself every morning?A.wears;dre

11、ss B.dresses;dress C.puts on;wear D.in;dressB BD D【辨析辨析】(1)join表示“加入某一组织、党派、社会团体并成为其中的一员”，后面直接接名词或代词。(2)join in意为“参加”，后接表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等小规模活动的名词或动名词。(3)take part in指参加会议或群众性的活动，并在其中起到一定的积极作用。(4)attend常指参加或出席正式的活动（会议、典礼等）。【演练【演练】()1.The school sports meeting is coming.I would like to _ it.A.take partB.joi

12、nC.take part inD.join in()2.She _ the Health Club last year.A.attendedB.took part in C.joined in D.joinedC CD D()3.I want to _ the game you are playing.Is that OK?A.joinB.take part inC.attendD.join in()4.Mary got married last Saturday.I _ her wedding.A.attended B.joined C.joined in D.took part inD D

13、A A【辨析辨析】(1)look指集中注意力地看，强调“看”的动作，后面常接at。(2)see强调“看”的结果，意为“看见”。(3)watch意为“观看；注视”，如看电视、比赛等。(4)notice意为“看到；注意到”，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。(5)read用于看书报或杂志之类。【演练演练】()1.Please _ the blackboard,boys and girls.A.look B.see C.look at D.watch()2.I wonder how often you _ TV at home.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.read()3.Did you _

14、 that the man in black stood there for over two hours？A.sawB.lookC.noticeD.readC CB BC C()4.From the top of the mountain,we could _ the whole city clearly.A.noticeB.lookC.readD.see()5.Its a good habit to _ books to keep on learning when you are free.A.seeB.readC.lookD.watchD DB B【辨析辨析】(1)say意为“说”，强调

15、说话的内容。(2)speak作不及物动词时，强调单方的“说”或“讲”，后面接人作宾语要加介词to/with,即：speak to/with sb.(about sth.)对某人说（某事）；作及物动词时，意为“讲（某种语言）”，后面接表示语言的名词。(3)talk意为“谈话；交谈”，强调两人之间的交谈。常见搭配有：talk with/to sb.与某人交谈，talk about sth.谈论某事。(4)tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语，即：tell sb.sth./tell sth.to sb.告诉某人某事。【演练演练】()1.Its hard to raise our hands t

16、o _“goodbye”to each other.A.speakB.tellC.sayD.talk()2.My uncle often _ us funny stories when we were young.A.saidB.spokeC.toldD.talkedC CC C()3.This Friday afternoon,my teacher wants to _ with my parents.Im a little worried.A.speakB.talkC.tellD.say()4.Ashley could _ two languagesGerman and French.A.

17、speakB.talkC.sayD.tell B BA A【辨析辨析】四者都可以表示“花费”。(1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：spend time/money on sth.在上花费时间/金钱，spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。(2)cost的主语是某物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法有:sth.cost(s)sb.money某物花了某人多少钱。(3)take通常表示花时间，常见用法有：it takes/took sb.time to do sth.=doing sth.takes/took sb.time做某事花了某人多少

18、时间。(4)pay的常见搭配有：pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买某物，pay for sth.为某物付钱，pay for sb.替某人付钱。【演练演练】()1.I have_ all day looking for you.Where have you been?A.spentB.tookC.costD.paid()2.How much did the beautiful dress _ you,Alice？A.spendB.payC.costD.takeA AC C()3.It _ Mary about two days to finish this projec

19、t.A.paidB.tookC.spentD.cost()4.He _ much time on books.So he knows a lot about this subject.A.paysB.takesC.costsD.spendsB BD D()5.How much is the ticket to Central Park？A one-way ticket _￥40,and you can _ another￥20 for a round-trip ticket.A.costs；pay B.cost；spend C.pay；spendD.spends；payA A【辨析】(1)ta

20、ke意为“拿走；带走”，指把某物或某人从说话处带到别处去。(2)bring意为“拿来；带来”，指把某物或某人从别处带到说话处来，与take所表达的方向相反(单程)。(3)get意为“取来”，表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来，此时相当于fetch（双程）。(4)carry意为“搬运；携带”，不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。【演练【演练】()1.Tom,dont forget to _ your homework to school.OK,Mom.A.take B.bringC.getD.carry()2.Tom,have you _ your homework?Yes,Miss Z

21、hang.Here you are.A.takenB.gotC.broughtD.carriedA AC C()3.Ben,can you help me _ the box?It is too heavy.A.takeB.carryC.makeD.use()4.There is no water in the bottle.Why not go and _ some？A.takeB.getC.to takeD.to getB BB B【辨析【辨析】(1)borrow强调“借入”，非延续性动词。borrow from 向某人/从某处借入某物。(2)lend强调“借出”，非延续性动词。lend

22、sth.to sb./lend sb.sth.借出某物给某人。(3)keep意为“保留；借”，延续性动词。“keep sth.for时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”。【演练【演练】()1.Can I _ your bike?My bike is broken.Sorry.I cant _ it to you because mine is broken,too.A.borrow;borrow B.lend;lend C.borrow;lend D.lend;borrowC C()2.Daisy _ a book from her cousin and she has _ it for three

23、 weeks.A.borrowed;lent B.borrowed;kept C.lent;kept D.lends;borrowedB B【辨析辨析】(1)get表“到达”时要与介词to连用，即：get to+地点。(2)arrive表“到达”时要借助介词in或at，后接大地点用in，后接小地点用at，即：arrive in大地点，arrive at小地点。(3)reach表“到达”时后面直接接地点，即：reach+地点。注注意 到达的地点在句中没有出现时，用arrive。【演练【演练】()1.Last night，Alice _ New York and began her trip th

24、ere.A.gotB.arrived atC.reachD.arrived in()2.I wanted to know when you _ the school library yesterday afternoon.A.arrivedB.gotC.reachedD.arrived inD DC C()3.What were you doing when your teacher _ the classroom？A.got toB.reachC.arrivedD.arrived in()4.Its 12：00 oclock.He hasnt _ yet.I dont know when h

25、e will _.A.arrived;reach B.arrived;get C.got to;reach D.arrived;arriveA AD D【辨析【辨析】（1）leave后面接具体地点，常用于leave sth./sb.+某处结构中，表示“将遗忘/落在某处”。（2）forget后面不能接地点，但其后可以接事物或人，表示“忘记”。（3）lose意为“丢失；失去”，lose sth.表示“丢失某物”。【演练【演练】()1.I have _ my schoolbag at home.I cant hand in my homework now.A.lostB.forgotC.leftD.

26、missed()2.On his way home,Jack _ his wallet and he had to go back to look for it.A.lostB.leftC.soldD.forgotC CA A()3.He _ my name since we hadnt seen each other for such a long time.A.leftB.forgotC.missedD.lostB B【辨析【辨析】(1)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程，结果未知。（2）find意为“找到”，强调找的结果。(3)find out意为“查出；查明”，表示经过调查后弄

27、清真相。【演练【演练】()1.The police _ the missing child in the mountain，but they couldnt _ him.A.found；look for B.were looking for；findC.looked for；find D.looked for；found out()2.The man died accidentally yesterday.The police were trying to _ the truth.A.come outB.sell outC.find outD.set outC CC C【辨析【辨析】(1)of

28、fer意为“给予”，强调主动提供，常见搭配有：offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.提供某人某物。(2)provide意为“供给；提供”，常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.结构中。(3)supply通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用于supply sb.with sth.或supply sth.to sb.结构中。【演练【演练】()1.The government _ enough food and drink for the people in the earthquake.A.suppliedB.off

29、eredC.providedD.gave()2.She _ me some money so that I could buy some books to read.A.providedB.offeredC.giveD.supplyC CB B()3.Our school _the students with warm water in the dormitory every day.A.suppliesB.offersC.sellsD.buysA A【辨析辨析】（1）accept意为“接受”，指经过考虑，由主观意志来决定接受，动作者本身是主动的。（2）receive意为“接到”，指收到某物这

30、一动作，动作者本身有一定的被动性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。注注意 receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/get a better education接受更好的教育。【演练【演练】()1.He asked me to marry him and I _.A.getB.acceptedC.receivedD.took()2.She _ a bunch of roses,but she didnt know who sent them to her.A.acceptedB.receivedC.broughtD.leftB BB B【辨析】【辨析】(1)happen意为“意外、偶然、

31、未能预见地发生”，常见搭配有：happen to sb.发生在某人身上，happen to do 碰巧做。(2)take place意为“按事先计划或有预谋地发生或举行”。注注意 与happen搭配使用的往往是accident，crash，earthquake，tsunami(海啸)等；与take place搭配使用的往往是murder，sports meeting，party，celebration，marriage等。此外，happen和take place通常不用于被动语态。【演练【演练】()1.A car accident _ to the poor old man last nigh

32、t.A.take placeB.happenedC.happenD.took place()2.As you can see,great changes have _ in this city.A.taken placeB.happenedC.openedD.seenB BA A【辨析】【辨析】两者都表示“希望”。（1）hope表示有较大可能性实现的希望，可用于“hope+that从句”或hope to do sth.结构中。但在hope sb.do sth.结构中不加to，意为“希望某人做某事”。（2）wish则表示难以实现的愿望，可用于wish to do sth.结构中，也能用于wish

33、 sb.to do sth.结构中。【演练【演练】()1.What are you going to do when you grow up？A singer.But my parents _ me to be a teacher.A.hopeB.wishC.makeD.decide()2.Next Saturday will be my birthday.I _ you can come a little earlier.A.makeB.getC.hopeD.wishB BC C【辨析【辨析】(1)win意为“赢得”时，后接物（比赛、奖品、游戏等）；意为“获胜”时，后不接宾语。(2)beat

34、 意为“打败；胜过”，后接人或球队。【演练【演练】()1.Last week，Li Hong _ Chen Hao in the school table tennis match.A.wonB.winnedC.beatedD.beat()2.He _ the first place in the shooting competition.A.has B.get C.won D.beatD DC C()3.The youngest athlete _ his competitors and _ the gold medal in the end.A.won；beat B.beat；won C.

35、won；won D.beat；beatB B介词类辨析介词类辨析【辨析【辨析】这四个词里，except和besides是中考重点。(1)except 意为“除之外(没有)”，指在整体中除去一部分。(2)besides意为“除了(还有)”，指在整体中加入一部分。(3)but意为“除之外”，常与 nobody，nothing，no 等词连用。(4)except for与except基本同义，但需注意except主要用来谈论同类的东西，但except for后面接的词与前面所提的内容不同类。【演练【演练】()1.At school,we study Chinese,maths,English _ m

36、usic.A.besidesB.besideC.butD.except()2.We go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday.A.expectB.exceptC.besidesD.except forA AB B()3.There is nothing new in the room _ a TV.A.besidesB.besideC.butD.except for()4.The composition is very good _ a few spelling mistakes.A.except B.except for C.but D.bes

37、idesC CB B【辨析【辨析】（1）above表示“在之上(不接触下面的物体，且为非正上方)”。（2）over表示“在的正上方(不接触下面的物体)”。（3）below表示“在之下(不接触上面的物体，且为非正下方)”。（4）under表示“在的正下方(不接触上面的物体）”。【演练【演练】()1.There is a bridge _ the river.A.aboveB.overC.belowD.under()2.We are flying _ the clouds.The clouds are below us.A.aboveB.overC.onD.inB BA A()3.There is

38、 a football _ the chair.And the chair is over the football.A.belowB.underC.betweenD.aboveB B【辨析【辨析】(1)after意为“在(时间)之后”，后接时间点；也可意为“在(人或物)之后”，表示次序。(2)in意为“在(时间)之后”，后接时间段，常用于将来时。(3)behind后面接表示地点的名词时，意为“在后面”，着重指位置的后面。【演练【演练】()1.All the students rush out to do different kinds of sports on the playground

39、_ 5：00 oclock every afternoon.A.afterB.behindC.laterD.in()2.He has gone to Beijing and will come back _ a few days.A.beforeB.afterC.inD.behind()3._ the nature park,you can see a nature zoo.A.ForB.BehindC.OnD.AfterA AC CB B【辨析【辨析】(1)among一般用于三者或三者以上的“在之间”，通常表示某一范围。(2)between一般指两者之间，常与and连用。(3)in the

40、middle of意为“在中间”，指在某事物中间。【演练【演练】()1.Do you think his story is the most interesting _ the childrens?A.betweenB.atC.belowD.among()2._ the tall building and the park,there is a swimming pool.A.FromB.AmongC.In the middle ofD.BetweenD DD D()3.What do you think of the boy sitting _ the classroom?A.amongB.

41、betweenC.in the middle ofD.toC C【辨析辨析】(1)across意为“横穿；穿过”，主要表示从物体表面上穿过，如过马路、过桥等，强调从一端到另一端。注注意 go/walk across相当于cross。(2)through意为“穿过；通过；贯穿”，主要表示从物体内部穿过，如穿过村庄、森林等。(3)past强调从某物体的一旁“经过”，相当于by。【演练【演练】()1.Our bus drove _ the museum.A.overB.pastC.throughD.across()2.Its too hard for me to go _ our city on f

42、oot.A.acrossB.throughC.onD.overB BB B()3.There is a bridge over the river.And he often walks _ the bridge to play with his friends.A.cross B.across C.through D.crossingB B【辨析【辨析】(1)在表示职业、身份、作用等时，两者都用作介词。区别：as意为“作为”，表示比较的双方具有同一性(即同属一类或完全相似)；like意为“像；相似”，只表示在某些方面相似。（2）在谈到人、事物或动物彼此之间有相同点或共同点时，两者都意为“像一样

43、”，但like是介词，用于名词、代词、动名词之前；as是连词，用于分句之前。【演练】【演练】()1._ a student,everyone should follow all the school rules.A.AsB.AfterC.OnD.Like()2._ my sister,I also have long hair and a round face.A.AsB.LikeC.OnD.AfterA AB B()3.He talked loudly in the middle of the crowd _ he knew everything about it.A.likeB.onC.a

44、sD.at()4.My doctor always talks to me _ a teacher talking to a child.A.as B.like C.likes D.likedC CB B【辨析【辨析】(1)since后接时间点，意为“自从”。(2)for后接时间段，表示一段时间。【演练】【演练】()1.Theyve been in China _ one and a half years.A.in B.for C.every D.after()2.Harry has stayed here _ last night.He has been here _ 12 hours.A.

45、from；sinceB.for；fromC.since；forD.from；forB BC C【辨析【辨析】（1）in front of表示“在（某空间外部）的前面”。（2）in the front of表示“在（某空间内部）的前面”。【演练】【演练】()1.There are some tall trees _ the building.A.in front ofB.in front C.in the frontD.in the front of()2.The teacher is having class _ the classroom.A.in front ofB.in front C.

46、in the frontD.in the front ofA AD D形容词、副词类辨析形容词、副词类辨析【辨析【辨析】(1)alive意为“活着的；在世的”，强调生与死的界限。当它作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词之后。(2)living意为“活着的”，强调“尚在人间”或“健在”，常置于名词之前作定语。(3)lively意为“活泼的；充满活力的”。(4)live作形容词时，意为“现场的；直播的”。【演练【演练】()1.He has many ways to make his class _ and interesting.A.livingB.aliveC.livelyD.live()2.Its t

47、he most wonderful _ football match that I have ever seen.A.liveB.livelyC.aliveD.livingC CA A()3.The man on the road can move a little.He is still _.A.lifeB.aliveC.liveD.lively()4.There are many _ things in this forest.Please be careful.A.aliveB.liveC.livelyD.livingB BD D【辨析辨析】(1)high意为“高的”，反义词为low，意

48、为“低的”，强调价格的高低。(2)expensive意为“贵的”，反义词为cheap，意为“便宜的”，强调物品的贵贱。【演练】【演练】()1.The price of the building is too _ for him.He cant afford it.A.lowB.cheapC.highD.expensive()2.How do you like the brown hat?I think its _，but it has really good quality.A.lowB.highC.cheapD.expensiveC CD D【辨析【辨析】(1)a few+可数名词复数形式，

49、表肯定意义，意为“一些；几个”。(2)few+可数名词复数形式，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。(3)a little+不可数名词，表肯定意义，意为“一点；一些”。另外，a little还可接形容词、副词原级和比较级，如：a little fat有点胖，a little faster更快一点。(4)little+不可数名词，表否定意义，意为“几乎没有”。【演练】【演练】()1.It is good for the fish to have _ water plants in the tank to keep the water pure.A.little B.a little C.few D.a

50、 few()2.The twins can speak _ French.So they cant talk with you in French.A.a fewB.fewC.littleD.a littleD DC C()3.We need to put _ salt on the fish so as to make it salty.A.a fewB.fewC.a littleD.little()4.David often plays alone.He has _ friends.Yes.He is too shy to make friends.A.littleB.a littleC.