第十一节非谓语动词 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、定义动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式。非谓语动词是指不能独立作谓语，但又具备动词的某些特征的动词形式。特点没有人称和数的变化，可以充当谓语以外其他的句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等，起到名词、形容词、副词的作用。续表续表形式1.由“to动词原形”构成的不定式；2.由“动词原形-ing”构成的现在分词或动名词；3.由“动词原形-ed”构成的过去分词(包括动词的不规则变化)。注注意意 本节中的动词原形统一用本节中的动词原形统一用“do”“do”来表示。来表示。一、结构：一、结构：1.基本结构：to do,可在句中作主语、宾语、

2、宾补、表语、定语、状语等。（1）肯定形式：to动词原形；考考点点精精讲讲（2）否定形式：not(never)to动词原形。如：The teacher told me to come here on time tomorrow.(肯定形式)老师告诉我明天要按时到这里。The teacher told me not to come here on time tomorrow.(否定形式)老师告诉我明天不用按时到这里。2.复合结构：for sb.to do sth.(即不定式带执行者，在“to do”前 加“for sb.”)，可在句中作主语、定语、状语等。3.特殊结构：特殊疑问词+to do，在句

3、中作主语、表语、宾语、宾补，通常译为“该”。注注意 当“to do”后面有宾语（即所做事的内容）时，特殊疑问词不能用“what”。如：I dont know how to read it.我不知道如何读它。二、用法（基本结构）二、用法（基本结构）基基本本点点作宾语（1）不定式用在及物动词后作宾语。Suddenly，it began to rain.(to rain 作began的宾语)突然开始下雨了。I hope to see the famous scientist.(to see 作hope的宾语)我希望看到这位著名的科学家。续表续表基基本本点点作宾语（2）“主语+be glad/afra

4、id/sorry/+to do”句型中的不定式可改为宾语从句,因为不定式的执行者与前面主语一致。I am glad to see you.=I am glad that I see you.我很高兴见到你。作宾语补足语（宾补）不定式用在动词后作宾语补充语。My father asked Mary to buy some salt back.(Mary续表续表基基本本点点作宾语补足语（宾补）注注意 要省略to 作宾补的短语：make/let/have/see/find/watch sb.+do sth.在句中作宾语，to buy 补充说明Mary 要做的事)我爸爸叫玛丽去买一些盐回来。Mr.Li

5、 told us not to play computer games in the net bar.(us在句中作宾语，not to play 补充说明us 不要做的事)李老师告诉我们不要在网吧玩电脑游戏。续表续表基基本本点点作目的状语（1）不定式可以用作状语表目的，可放句末也可放句首，放句首要用逗号分隔开。He went there to see his grandpa.=To see his grandpa,he went there.他去那里是为了探望他的爷爷。In order to catch the early bus，I got up early this morning.为了赶

6、上早班车，我今天早上起得早。续表续表基基本本点点作目的状语（2）不定式执行者与句子主语必须相同，否则需用复合结构（复合结构作状语）。I got up early this morning for my son to catch the early bus.为了我儿子能赶上早班车，我今天早上起得很早。续表续表补补充充点点作主语不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数形式。同时，也可用it作形式主语,将真正主语后置。To learn English is very important.=It is very important to learn English.学英语很重要。作表语不定式作表语表示具

7、体动作或将来动作，结构为“系动词+动词不定式”。My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。续表续表补补充充点点作定语（1）不定式作定语修饰名词或代词时,通常后置,且与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有四种:动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系和状语关系。I have a lot of homework to do.(动宾关系)我有许多作业要做。We need someone to help with the work.(主谓关系)我们需要有人帮忙做这个工作。I have a wish to go to college.（同位关系）我有一个上大学的愿望。续表续

8、表补补充充点点作定语I have no time to go there.(状语关系)我没有时间去那里。（2）如果不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。I need a friend to depend on.我需要一个可依靠的朋友。续表续表补补充充点点作定语（3）不定式的执行者须是前面的主语，否则要用复合结构。I have a lot of things for you to look at.我有很多要给你看的东西。（4）不定式作定语时，如果被修饰的词不是不定式的形式宾语，则不定式后要加上适当的介词或副词。I ha

9、ve a pen to write with.我有一根写字的笔。三、带动词不定式的句型三、带动词不定式的句型1.Itsadj.for/ofsb.to do sth.(复合结构作主语）Its hard for me to learn English well.(句中hard修饰动词不定式to learn English well，意为“学好英语难”，所以介词用for)学好英语对我来说是困难的。Its kind of you to help me.(句中kind意为“善良的”，修饰you，所以介词用of)你帮助我真是太好了。续表续表2.It takes sb.some time/money to

10、do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱（基本结构作主语）It took me two hours to do my homework.做作业花了我两个小时。3.Its time for sb.to do sth.是某人做某事的时候了Its time for you to go to bed.到你去睡觉的时间了。续表续表4.too (for sb.)to 太以致不能(和not enough to do意义相同)（不定式作结果状语）He is too young to live alone.=He is not old enough to live alone.他太小了，不能自己住。5.The

11、re is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)没必要做某事（不定式或复合结构作定语）There is no need for her to be angry.她没有必要生气。续表续表6.动词不定式还可以和疑问词who,which,what,when,how,where(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语和宾补。注注意 特殊结构作宾语时其执行者与前面的主语相同，故此句型可转换为宾语从句；whether后面也可以接不定式。How to open the lock is a difficult problem.(作主语)如何打开这把锁是一

12、个困难的问题。The most important thing is how to improve my English.(作表语)最重要的事情是如何提高我的英语。I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.(作宾语)我不知道做什么。续表续表Can you tell me what to say at the meeting?(作宾补)你能告诉我在会议上要说什么吗？I cant decide whether to go there or not.我不能决定是否去那里。7.当不定式作宾语且后面还有宾补时,用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语

13、后置。We find it possible to eat 10 apples at one time.我们发现一次吃10个苹果是有可能的。附附1 1 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词常接动词不定式作宾语的动词want to do sth.想要做某事pretend to do sth.假装做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事like to do sth.喜欢做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事begin/start to do sth.开始做某事try to do sth.设法做某事expect to do sth.期望做某事would like to do sth.想做某事

14、decide to do sth.决定做某事offer to do sth.主动提出做某事learn to do sth.学习做某事续表续表hope to do sth.希望做某事afford to do sth.承担得起做某事help to do sth.帮忙做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事continue to do sth.继续做某事promise to do sth.承诺做某事附附2 2 常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词ask sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人(不要)做某事wish sb.(not)to do sth.希望某人(

15、不要)做某事tell sb.(not)to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事would like sb.(not)to do sth.想要某人(不要)做某事want sb.(not)to do sth.希望某人(不要)做某事encourage sb.(not)to do sth.鼓励某人(不要)做某事teach sb.(not)to do sth.教某人(不要)做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事续表续表expect sb.(not)to do sth.盼望某人(不要)做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事advise sb.(not)to do

16、 sth.建议某人(不要)做某事help sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事(施助者自己做)help sb.do sth.帮助某人做某事(两个人一起做)()1.Many parents often warn their kids _ candies or toys from a total stranger.Thats right.They are afraid it brings some danger to the kids.A.to acceptB.acceptingC.not to accept D.not accepting考考点点演演练练C C()2.According to

17、 the news,a 105-year-old man from Taiwan is now studying for a doctors degree.It never too late _.He has set us a good example.A.learnB.to learnC.learningD.learned()3.One of the most important things _ at Christmas is The Nutcracker（胡桃夹子）.A.see B.seeing C.to see D.to lookB BC C()4.He likes football.

18、So when there is an important football match on TV,he always thinks of different kinds of excuse _ at home and watches it.A.stayB.not to stayC.dont stayD.to stay()5.She pretended _ me when I passed by.She turned her face back to me.A.not to see B.to seeC.dont seeD.will seeD DA A不带to的动词不定式一般在句子中作宾语补足

19、语。考考点点精精讲讲口口诀“一感二听三让四看半帮助”，主动无“to”被动有；只有let属例外，主动、被动“to”均无。I often see him go to school on foot.我经常看到他步行上学。(go to school 作宾补)He is often seen to go to school on foot.他经常被看到步行去上学。(被动要带“to”)续表续表背背 一感feel;二听hear/listen to；三让make/have/let；四看see/watch/notice/observe；半帮助help。Let him try again.He is let tr

20、y again.让他再试一次。(let的主动与被动均不带“to”)其他不带其他不带toto的动词不定式句型的动词不定式句型1.had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事You had better stay here.Its raining hard.你最好待在这里。现在雨下得很大。2.Why not do sth.?=Why dont sb.do sth.?为什么不做某事？Why not go out to see a film with me?=Why dont you go out to see a film with me?为什么不和我一起出去看电影呢？3.Will/

21、Would/Can/Could you please(not)do？(请)你(别)做好吗？Could you please pass me a glass of water?你能给我递一杯水吗？续表续表4.would do rather than do(would rather do than do prefer to do rather than do prefer doing to doing)宁愿做而不愿做I would rather stay at home than go out to play.我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。He prefers to have class rathe

22、r than have a rest.他宁愿上课也不愿休息。5.would rather(not)do 宁愿(不)做I would rather not play with him.我宁愿不和他玩。附附 常用的使役动词和感官动词make sb.do sth.使某人做某事watch sb.do(doing)sth.注视某人（正在）做某事let sb.do sth.让某人做某事notice sb.do(doing)sth.注意到某人（正在）做某事have sb.do sth.使某人做某事see sb.do(doing)sth.看见某人（正在）做某事hear sb.do(doing)sth.听见某人

23、（正在）做某事()1.Lets play football on the playground.Its too hot outside.I would rather _ at home than _ out.A.to stay;goB.staying;goingC.stay;to goD.stay;go考考点点演演练练D D()2.The cartoon film we saw last night made us _.A.laughB.to laughC.laughingD.laughed()3.Will you please _ the flowers?Sorry,I wont.A.pic

24、kB.dont pickC.not to pickD.not pickA AD D()4.How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes me _ very proud.A.feelB.feltC.to feelD.feeling()5.The assistant wont let you _ the cinema if you dont have a ticket.A.enterB.to enterC.enteringD.not enterA AA A1.结构：动词+-ing2.用法：充当名词作用，在句中作主语、

25、宾语、表语、定语等。如：Studying English well is not difficult.(主语）学好英语不难。考考点点精精讲讲I finish doing my homework in the evening.(宾语）我在晚上完成我的作业。My job is teaching English.(表语）我的工作是教英语。a walking stick 一根拐杖a washing machine 一个洗衣机a reading room 一间阅览室（定语）（动名词作定语时往往表示被修饰词的某种用途，而现在分词作定语时表“正的”)3.后接动词-ing形式的单词、短语和句型avoid do

26、ing sth.避免做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事allow doing sth.允许做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事keep doing sth.坚持做某事enjoy doing sth.乐意做某事consider doing sth.考虑做某事介词+doing sth.做某事续表续表make a contribution to doing sth.为做某事而做贡献feel like doing sth.想做某事pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事be busy doing sth.

27、忙于做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事be worth doing sth.值得做某事look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事have fun doing sth.做某事有乐趣have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难do some shopping 买东西续表续表cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事spend (in)doing sth.花做某事prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起某事，更喜欢做某事What/How a

28、bout doing sth.?做某事怎么样?4.既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词（1）有的动词后面既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。如:begin,start,hate,like,love等。（2）有些动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大。（见下表）forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(事还没做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事已做)remember to do sth.记得要做某事(事还没做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事已做)续表续表stop to do sth.停下来去做某事(去做另一件事)stop doing st

29、h.停止做某事(不做了)go on/continue to do sth.继续去做某事(继续做不同的事)go on/continue doing sth.继续不停地做某事(同一动作的继续)try to do sth.努力做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事()1.He is very busy _ his papers.A.to writeB.writingC.writeD.wrote()2.Please stop _,boys.I have something important to _ you.A.talking;tellB.talking;tellingC.to talk;te

30、llD.to talk;telling考考点点演演练练B BA A()3.What about _ to the market this afternoon?A.goB.to goC.wentD.going()4.It was impolite of him _ without _ goodbye.A.to leave;sayingB.leaving;to sayC.leave;to sayD.leaving;sayingD DA A()5._ English is hard for me.A.LearnB.To learnC.LearningD.LearntC C1.现在分词在句中独立使用时

31、可作定语、宾补、状语等。如:I dont know the sleeping boy.（定语）我不认识那个睡着的男孩。I dont know the boy sleeping in bed.（定语）我不认识那个在床上熟睡的男孩。I saw the boy reading just now.（宾补）我刚刚看见那个男孩正在读书。The girl sat in front of the house,crying all the time.（伴随状语）这女孩坐在房子前面，一直哭着。知知识识拓拓展展提提升升2.过去分词在句中单独使用时可作定语、表语、宾补等。如：I am surprised at the

32、 broken glass.Who did it?（定语）我对那块被打碎的玻璃感到惊讶。谁干的？Do you know the boy taken away by the teacher?（定语）你认识那个被老师带走的男孩吗？The glass is broken,please throw it away and buy a new one.(表语）这个玻璃杯碎了，请把它扔掉并且买过一个新的。I had the shoes mended yesterday.（宾补）昨天我请人补了鞋。非谓语动词主要在语法选择中考查。具体如下：语法选择：考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语的用法。针对此类试

33、题，考生要熟记哪些动词后面接不定式作宾语，哪些动词后常接宾语补足语以及不定式作目的状语的常见句型等，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。如：I expect each of you _33_ a kite that means something important to you.（2020广东）A.makeB.to makeC.makingD.made解析解析：此题意为：“我希望你们每一个人都要做一个对你有重要意义的风筝。”此处的to make a kite补充说明宾语you要做的事情。所以答案选B。语法选择（专练）语法选择（专练）Last Sunday,our soccer team had a

34、 game with the team from Lishan Middle School.They were _ best soccer team in this area,so they were more skilled than us.There was little hope for us _.But our coach encouraged us _ ready for it.He said it was a good chance for us to play with the top soccer team.We could learn a lot 1 12 23 3_ we

35、lost the game.Before the game,we practiced passing the ball again and again.After the training,we watched the game they played before on the video._ coach analyzed their advantages for us and asked us _ up with an idea to deal with it.On Sunday morning,we gathered on the playground.Many students fro

36、m these two schools came _ the game.All of them were excited.We didnt get any 4 45 56 67 7points in the first half hour,but they got two.We were already _ up.During the break,our coach reminded us that soccer game was a teamwork.So when we _ up again,we were completely different from before.We paid

37、more attention to our teamwork.We tried our best and even scored a goal.All of the people cheered for us.Though we _,we were still proud of ourselves.We did our best.Our coach took us in his arms with a big smile on his face.8 89 91010()1.A.aB.anC.theD./()2.A.winB.winsC.winingD.to win()3.A.to getB.getC.gettingD.got()4.A.soB.thoughC.butD.because()5.A.WeB.UsC.OurD.OursC CD DA AB BC C()6.A.comeB.to comeC.cameD.coming()7.A.watchB.watchesC.watchedD.to watch()8.A.giveB.to giveC.gaveD.gives()9.A.showedB.showC.showsD.to show()10.A.beatB.are beatC.will be beatD.were beatB BD DB BA AD D