第八节动词 2021年广东中考英语复习ppt课件.pptx

1、动词的分类：动词包括行为动词、系动词（be）、情态动词和助动词。动词的五种基本形式包括：原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词(以do为例：dodoesdoingdiddone)。考考点点精精讲讲1.一般情况在单词末尾-s，如：plays，says，helps，gets等。1.一般情况在单词末尾-ing，如：listening，raining，going等。1.一般情况-ed，如：played，stayed，wanted，needed等；以e结尾的+-d,如：likeliked等。一、动词（行为动词）的基本形式和变化规则一、动词（行为动词）的基本形式和变化规则 续表续表2.以o，s，x

2、，ch，sh结尾-es，如：goes，guesses，washes,fixes，teaches等。2.以“辅音字母e”结尾的去e-ing，如：writewriting，taketaking等。2.以“辅音字母y”结尾的改y为i-ed，如：studystudied，carrycarried等。续表续表3.以“辅音字母y”结尾则改y为-ies，如：carrycarries，studystudies等。3.双写末尾辅音字母-ing(辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母)，如：putputting，swimswimming等。3.双写末尾辅音字母-ed，如：stopstopped，planplanned，p

3、referpreferred等。4.不规则变化，如：beis，havehas等。4.以ie结尾的改ie为y-ing，如：lielying，diedying等。4.不规则变化：详见本书小册子中的不规则动词归类记忆表。二、动词基本形式的用法二、动词基本形式的用法1.动词原形 一般用于主语是非三单(非三单包括第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数)的一般现在时和将来时。2.动词第三人称单数一般用于主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时。3.动词现在分词一般用于现在进行时和过去进行时。4.动词过去式一般用于一般过去时。5.动词过去分词一般用于现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态。()1.I really need to

4、 take more exercise because Im _ weight.A.put on B.putting on C.puts on D.puted on()2.The museum _ here for over 80 years.It _ one of the oldest buildings in the city.A.is;was B.has been;was C.was;has been D.has been;is考考点点演演练练B BD D()3.My husband _ me flowers every week before we got married,but no

5、w he never _ that.A.sent;does B.sends;does C.was going to send;do D.sent;doA A考考点点精精讲讲行为动词行为动词也叫实义动词，可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。1.本身有词意。表示动作或状态。2.可单独作谓语。及物动词作谓语后接宾语；不及He smoked last year.他去年抽烟。He didnt smoke last year.他去年不抽烟。More and more people study(vt.)English.越来越多的人学习英语。续表续表物动词作谓语，要与介词或副词构成短语后再接宾语（

6、有的只作及物动词，如raise；有的只作不及物动词，如rise；有的两个都可，如play）。3.有多种时态。4.一般现在时和一般过去时的句型变化要借助do,does 或did。The students are listening(vi.)to the teacher carefully.学生们正在认真地听老师讲课。续表续表系动词1.本身有词意。2.不可单独作谓语，需要加表语（系表结构）一起作谓语。3.有6种时态（没有进行时）。4.其中be动词可直接变句型。5.常用的系动词有：look，seem，smell，taste，sound，feel，find，think，turn，get，be/beco

7、me，grow，go，make，keep/stay等。You are my student.你是我的学生。Are you my student?你是我的学生吗？I felt very depressed.我感到很沮丧。We find it difficult to solve this problem.我们发现要解决这个问题很困难。续表续表助动词1.本身无词义。2.不可单独作谓语，只能与其他动词一起作谓语。表示否定、疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征。3.可直接变句型。4.常见的助动词有：be，do，have，shall，will等。（do,have也可作行为动词，be 也可作系动词。

8、）How do you usually come to school？你通常怎样来学校的？The children are playing yo-yo now.孩子们现在正在玩悠悠球。I have finished my homework.我已经完成了我的作业。I have not finished my homework.我还没有完成我的作业。备备注注 可直接变句型指可在该词后加not变为否定句，以及可将该词放在主语前倒装变疑问句。()1.Jack is _ his father everywhere,but he cant find him.A.looking forB.looked fo

9、rC.look for D.looks for考考点点演演练练A A()2.The desk was _ by one of the best workers in this factory.It was great.A.makeB.makesC.makingD.made()3.I was unhappy this morning because my phone didnt _.A.workB.worksC.workingD.worked D DA A()4.Has he ever visited this mountain before?Yes,he _.He visited it las

10、t month.A.doesB.hasC.isD.will()5.If it rains the day after tomorrow,I _ go to the park to have a picnic.A.dontB.cantC.wontD.haventB BC C考考点点精精讲讲情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常无人称和数的变化，有一至两种时态，可直接变句型。但也要与其他动词一起构成谓语（情态动词+动词原形），表示说话人的态度和看法，或表示可能、应该或必要等，给谓语动词增添情感色彩。一、分类一、分类1.只作情态动词的词can(could)，may(might)，must2.既可作情态动词又

11、可作实义动词的词need，dare3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的词will(would)，shall(should)4.具有情态动词特征的词(组)have(has，had)to，had better二、常见情态动词的用法二、常见情态动词的用法1.常见的情态动词一览表maymight可以(许可);或许（推测）You maymay take a walk after supper.(肯定句)You may notmay not take a walk after supper.(否定句)MayMay I take a walk after supper?(一般疑问句)续表续表cancould能够

12、（能力）;可以（许可）；可能（推测，用于否定句和疑问句中）I could could swim at the age of seven.(肯定句)I couldntcouldnt swim at the age of seven.(否定句)CouldCould you swim at the age of seven?(一般疑问句)续表续表must无词形变化一定；必须（可表主观推测，只用在肯定句中。mustnt意为“不准；禁止；千万不要”）We must must arrive home before 10：00.(肯定句)We neednt(dont have to)neednt(dont

13、have to)arrive home before 10：00.(否定句)MustMust you arrive home before 10：00?(一般疑问句)续表续表have to had to不得不Tom had tohad to go home on foot last night.(肯定句)Tom didnt have todidnt have to go home on foot last night.(否定句)DidDid Tom have tohave to go home on foot last night?(一般疑问句)续表续表shallshould应该Student

14、s shouldshould be allowed to play computer games.(肯定句)Students shouldntshouldnt be allowed to play computer games.(否定句)ShouldShould students be allowed to play computer games?(一般疑问句)续表续表need无词形变化需要NeedNeed I close all the windows?(一般疑问句)You neednt neednt close all the windows.(否定句)注注意意 need用作情态动词时，只

15、用于一般疑问句和否定句中。had better无词形变化最好You had betterhad better stay at home.(肯定句)You had better nothad better not stay at home.(否定句)2.其他注意事项（1）情态动词表猜测表肯定，用must；表可能，用may/might/could/can(can用于疑问句中)；表不可能，用cant。The notebook must be Li Mings.His name is on the first page.这本笔记本一定是李明的。他的名字在第一页。He may/might/could k

16、now the way to the post office.I am not sure.他可能知道去邮局的路。我不确定。续表续表I saw a girl with long hair in our classroom.Who can she be？我看见教室里有一个长头发女孩。她可能是谁？The man under the tree cant be John.He went to London with his parents yesterday.那个树下的男人不可能是约翰。他昨天和他的父母去伦敦了。续表续表（2）must与have to的区别must表示由主观因素决定，没有时态的变化；ha

17、ve to表示由外界条件决定（客观），有时态的变化。I think I must finish my work today.我想我今天必须完成我的工作。The last bus has gone.I have to walk home.最后一辆公交车走了。我不得不走路回家。续表续表（3）特殊回答“May I”表示请求时，否定回答用mustnt或cant；由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must/have to.”或“Yes,please./Certainly./OK./Sure.”；May I smoke here？我可以在这里抽烟吗？Yes，you may./No，yo

18、u mustnt/cant.是的，你可以。/不，你不能。Must he go now？他现在一定要走了吗？Yes，he must./No，he neednt /doesnt have to.是的，他必须走。/不，他不必。续表续表否定回答用“No,主语+neednt/dont have to.”；由need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes,主语+must/have to.”;否定回答用“No,主语+neednt.”Need I water the flowers now?我需要现在浇花吗？Yes,you must/have to./No,you neednt 是的，你必须。/不，你不用。续表

19、续表（4）can与be able to的区别can 为情态动词，有一般过去时could。could也可表示一般现在时的委婉语气，没有人称和数的变化；be able to为系表结构，有6种时态，有人称和数的变化。Could you help me?你能帮我吗？（表委婉）She said she could finish it.她说她能完成它。（表一般过去）We are able to finish the work ourselves now.我们现在能够自己完成工作了。续表续表（5）判断need/dare 为情态动词还是行为动词作情态动词时（多用于疑问和否定句中）：need/dare+动词原形

20、（可直接变句型）；作行为动词时：need/dare+to+动词原形；need sth.(直接作谓语），句型变化要借助do/does/did。You neednt go there.你不必去那里。Dare you say that to me?你敢对我说那样的话？You dont need to finish it.你不必完成它。I dare to go out in dark.我敢在天黑时出去。You need some money,dont you?你需要一些钱，是吗？续表续表（6）need doing当主语是物时，need doing 表被动含义，相当于 need to be done（即

21、：物+need doing=物+need to be done）。The trees need watering.=The trees need to be watered.这些树需要浇水了。()1.Is that your best friend Simon?No,it _ be him.He has gone to Shanghai.A.mustntB.may notC.cantD.neednt考考点点演演练练C C()2._ I return the book I borrowed in this library in two weeks？Yes,you have to.A.MustB.

22、WouldC.MayD.Need()3.May I smoke here?No,you _.You have to do it in the smoking area if you want to.A.shouldntB.needntC.mustnt D.may notA AC C()4.Dont stand in the sun without an umbrella.It _ hurt your skin.A.canB.mayC.needD.must()5.I cant take part in the sports meeting because of my broken leg.I _

23、 stay at home.A.have toB.mustC.canD.mayB BA A考考点点精精讲讲注注意 本书的“第一部分中考高频词汇突破”的“第二节短语的归纳总结和辨析”下面有专门针对动词短语的辨析（详见P19P29），请结合这部分内容一起复习。下面再补充一些常考的动词短语：一、分类一、分类含有cut的常见短语cut in插嘴 cut up切碎 cut down削减；砍倒cut off切断；中断()Here is a banana,please _.Well make a banana milk shake.A.pick it up B.make it up C.cut it up

24、D.turn it up 考考点点演演练练C C动词主要在语法选择、完形填空和短文填空中考查。具体如下：1.语法选择：主要考查情态动词的用法，另外，也可能会考查系动词和助动词的用法。考生需掌握各类动词的意思及用法，特别是情态动词，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。系动词和助动词在近几年的中考中很少考查；情态动词在今年的语法选择中还未考查到，但在往年的单项填空中情态动词属于必考点。如：42.Dirty air and water are harmful.They _ kill plants，and even people.（2020 广东）A.canB.cantC.shouldD.shouldnt解

25、析解析：此句意为：“脏空气和脏水是有害的。它们能杀死植物，甚至是人。”根据句意，可知此处考查can表示能力的用法，所以答案选A。2.完形填空：主要考查实义动词、动词短语的词义辨析。针对此类试题，考生要熟记初中阶段常考的动词及动词短语，弄懂它们在意思上的区别，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。如：He was _49_ to enter places like railway stations and airports.（2018广东）A.guidedB.refusedC.forcedD.allowed解析解析：此句意为：“他被拒绝进入火车站和飞机场等地方。”guide意为“引导”；refuse 意

26、为“拒绝”；force意为“强迫”；allow意为“允许”。所以答案选B。3.短文填空：短文填空对动词的考法是考动词的意思并要符合语法要求。针对此类试题，考生要弄懂常用动词的意思，也要弄懂与动词有关的语法知识及固定短语，并结合前后语境来填写正确答案。如：She felt sad that the kids there didnt have new clothes to _68_ and toys to play with.（2020广东）解析：解析：此句意为：“她感到伤心的是，那里的孩子们没有新衣服穿，也没有玩具玩。”从意思上确定要填wear,但要填wear的哪一种形式则要从语法上去考虑。因为

27、前面有to，所以此处填动词的原形wear。一、语法选择（专练）一、语法选择（专练）My dad had to leave high school to support his mom and six brothers and sisters at the age of 16.He tells my brothers and me the stories of when he _ our age.One day,when he came home after school,he found _ notice on the door.It said that his family _ move o

28、ut of the house at once.1 12 23 3Smoking and drinking cost all his dads money,but my dad wasnt angry about it.Instead,when he remembered the happy time he had sat with his father enjoying football matches,he felt a little excited.My dads little sister would cry at birthday parties because she _ neve

29、r have one of her own at home.My brothers and I have had _ every year,but we had my dads first birthday party when he was forty.4 45 5He tells us to work hard and stay in school.Weve heard it so much that sometimes we dont take it seriously._ now I often think of his words：“Theres nothing you _ do i

30、f you stay in school and work hard.”I think my fathers fate（命运）_ be changed differently if hed had just one person saying those words to him.He works hard _ 16 hours a day,so we can own a good home and do the things he never could.My dad has always told me this,but now its my turn.I _ so proud of yo

31、u,Dad.6 67 78 89 91010()1.A.wereB.areC.wasD.is()2.A.aB.anC.theD./()3.A.wouldB.mightC.had betterD.must()4.A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.had to()5.A.ourB.oursC.ourselvesD.usC CA AD DA AB B()6.A.AndB.SoC.ButD.Though()7.A.canB.cantC.needD.neednt()8.A.had toB.mightC.wouldD.should()9.A.byB.withC.inD.for()10.A.am

32、B.isC.areD.beC CB BC CD DA A二、完形填空（专练）二、完形填空（专练）English can open up a new world to you.Through English you can _ about new development in science and technology.And through English you can _ the works of many great writers,such as Shakespeare,Dickens and Mark Twain.However,learning English well is n

33、ot easy.Do you think so?Have you ever _ difficulties in learning English?Here are some helpful tips for you.111112121313Firstly,learning a foreign language is learning how to use a tool.It _ studying history.You must use it,not just know about it.Always keep this in mind.Secondly,be sure to learn th

34、e fundamentals(基本法则)well.That _ you should learn the English sounds,the rules of grammar,how to use the words and phrases.Fundamentals may not be so interesting but they are sure important.Thirdly,to learn English is not just _ many rules and 141415151616words.It is learning to read,write,speak and

35、listen.So students should read stories in English,_ English over the radio,speak to their classmates in English and _ a diary in English.This is using English.At last,many students only like to learn new things.They dont like to _ time on things they have already learned.They dont _ that knowing som

36、ething does not mean they can use it.Every student should remember this:English can be a key to a new world,but you must know how to use that key.1717181819192020()11.A.thinkB.learnC.worryD.talk()12.A.watchB.lookC.readD.see()13.A.metB.seenC.doneD.got()14.A.is interesting inB.is different fromC.is go

37、od atD.is strict with()15.A.teachesB.sendsC.needsD.meansB BC CA AB BD D()16.A.forgettingB.usingC.rememberingD.writing()17.A.look upB.take aboutC.listen toD.hear from()18.A.keepB.writeC.readD.study()19.A.costB.takeC.payD.spend()20.A.followB.realizeC.believeD.receive C CC CA AD DB B三、短文填空（专练）三、短文填空（专练

38、）请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在横线上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。I live in a small village in Sichuan Province.The village _ to be poor.We didnt have running water,so we had to _ a long way to carry water home.When we did the cooking,we used to use wood to make a fire.It made a lot of smoke.If we wanted to _ a pla

39、y,we had to go out and 212122222323watched it in the theater far away.As for the school,it was old.The buildings _ dangerous for the students to stay in.But things have _ greatly during the last few years.Now we have tap water in every house.If we want to drink water,we can _ on the tap.The water wi

40、ll run out at once.We no longer use the wood to make a fire.We use the gas cooker.There is no smoke in our kitchen.Every family now can afford to 242425252626_ for a color TV.We can enjoy the interesting TV programs without going out.Because we have enough money now,we _ a lot of money building a ne

41、w school.The students can go to a new school happily.Thanks to our country,we can _ a very happy life now.We must study hard and try our best to _ something for our country.272728282929303021._22._23._24._25._26._27._28._29._30._usedusedgogowatchwatchwerewerechangedchangedturnturnpaypayspendspendlive/leadlive/leaddodo