2022中考英语专题复习阅读理解（主旨大意）ppt课件.pptx

1、阅读理解主旨大意中考专项之 2.词义猜测题（To guess the word meanings)1.细节理解题（To look for details)4.逻辑推理题（To infer a conclusion)3.主旨大意题（To find out the main ideas)The main question types阅读理解主要题型1).主旨大意类主旨大意类(topic、main idea)The main idea of the passage isWhat is the passage mainly about?Which of the following statements

2、 best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the first/second paragraph mainly about?2).标题标题类类(title)The best title for the passage might beWhat can be a suitable title for the text?命命题题方式方式文章主旨大意文章主旨大意 段落主旨大意段落主旨大意 选标题选标题扶绥县龙华中学FUSUIXIANLONGHUAZHONGXUE 主旨大意题 (段 落大意）解题技巧：解题技巧：“一定，二找，一定，二找，三比

3、较三比较”命题形式命题形式:What is the first/second/last paragraph mainly about?解解题题技巧技巧 段落大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 1：(2019义乌模拟)Which hand do you use when write?About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed.They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people.So it is difficult for left-handers to

4、 use most tools.If you are right handed,try this experiment:Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces.Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.In the past,people thought it was strange to use the left hand.Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates.Som

5、e children were even punished for using their left hand to write.But these days parents and teachers have accepted that.In almost every school in the world,left-handed students can use their left hand to write.（）What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Causes of being left handed.B.Encouragement to left-h

6、andersC.Punishment for using the left hand.D.Changes in opinions on left-handers.一定：一定：通过题干关键词通过题干关键词 定位答案区间定位答案区间二找：二找：用定位词在答案区间找信息句用定位词在答案区间找信息句三比较：三比较：将信息句与选项比较将信息句与选项比较 段落大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 2(2020重庆)Such robots could be especially useful for patients with Alzheimers disease(老年痴呆症）.They can help

7、 with everyday activities from preparing food to reminding(提醒）the patients of taking their medicine.They can also play games with patients to keep them active.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is_.A.what the robots can do B.what serious problems the robots causeC.what the old people can doD.what the old

8、people think of the robots 主旨大意题 (文章大意）解题技巧：解题技巧：“主题句定位法主题句定位法”（1 1）抓住）抓住主题句主题句。（2 2）抓住）抓住段落大意段落大意。命题形式命题形式:What is passage mainly about?The main idea of the passage is解解题题技巧技巧Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencejoin

9、 the beginning to the end 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 1(2021天津)People depend on plants.We use plants for food,cloth,shelter(住处），and even the air we breathe(呼吸）.Plants keep our air and water clean.Green plants give us oxygen(氧气）.Oxygen is part of the air we breathe.Plants are also part of the water cycle(水

10、循环).Most of the water that a plant takes in goes back into the air.Plants give us a lot of the food on the earth.Fruits,vegetables,and grains(谷物）come from plants.Without plants,we would not havebread,rice,carrots,apples,oranges,or bananas!Many people are growing plants to eat in their own gardens at

11、 home.Having your owngarden helps the earth as well.()What is the passage mainly about?A.A Different Place B.The Uses of Plants C.Food on the Earth D.Gardens at Home 开门见山式开门见山式：主题句出现在文首：主题句出现在文首主题句定位主题句定位文章的首句文章的首句 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 2(2019重庆)Paper cut can be seen in many parts of China during th

12、e Spring Festival.People put it on windows,doors and walls for the festival.A thousand years ago,paper cut was used for decoration(装饰).In Tang Dynasty women used paper cut as headdress.In Song Dynasty,it helped make girls more beautiful.Whats more,people would feel happier when they saw paper cut on

13、 windows,doors and walls.There are different kinds of paper cut in different parts of China.Pictures usually cover nearly all things,from flowers.birds to the famous people.Now,there are factories for paper cut in China.Paper cut has changed from decoration to a kind of art.().This passage is mainly

14、 about_.A.Cartoons B.TV programs C.paper cut D.hair cut注意反复出现的词注意反复出现的词1.开门见山式开门见山式:：主题句常是一个主题句常是一个段落的开头段落的开头，开门见山开门见山,提出主题提出主题,其后的句子则是论证性细节。在其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献议论文，科技文献和新闻报道和新闻报道中多采用这种格式中多采用这种格式,关注关注反复出现的词反复出现的词。文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 3(2020泰安A篇节选)In September 2006,Ren set up a tea company.He hir

15、ed(雇佣）poor farmers from neighboring areas to pick tea leaves.Professional technicians(技师）were invited to teach the farmers how to do their jobs scientifically.The company taught them how to manage their trees and produce the best tea.As a result,their tea quality has greatly improved,and the price h

16、as gone up.In this way,the tea company has helped many people get out of poverty.()What is the paragraph mainly about?A.How the farmers picked tea leaves.B.How Ren helped develop the local tea industry.C.Why Ren wanted to help the farmers.D.What Ren did for the professional technicians.藏头露尾式藏头露尾式：主题

17、句出现在文尾：主题句出现在文尾 主题句定位主题句定位文章文章/段落的尾句段落的尾句 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 4(2021重庆)A 12-year-old girl from Virginia,US,never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems.She posted the words,“Killing.Meet me in the library Tuesday,with three emojis(表情符号)of a gun,a knife and a bomb

18、(炸弹)on Instagram,a social media(社交媒体).She was told that she broke the law because of threatening(威胁)her school.This problem is not far away from us.Not long ago,NiHanxiang,a Chinese student at a university in the US,was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he could kill his teach

19、ers if he failed to pass his exams But not knowing the law doesnt mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it,says David AllenGreen,a lawyer from the UK.So,do you think we d better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press send?()

20、This passage mainly wants to tell us that_.A.we shouldnt break the US law if we study at a university in the USB.students and singers shouldnt post words or emojis on social mediaC.we should be careful when we send words or emojis on social mediaD.students should study hard at school and not use the

21、 Internet too much 藏头露尾式藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾：主题句出现在文尾2.藏头露尾式藏头露尾式:主题句主题句会出现在段尾会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据。作者先摆出事实依据,阐阐述细节述细节,然后归纳要点然后归纳要点,得出结论得出结论,概括主题概括主题,即文章即文章的主题。此为的主题。此为藏头露尾式。藏头露尾式。文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 5(2017重庆B卷)China has been famous aroud the world since ancient times.In the past,we had the Four Great Invent

22、ions.Nowadays,more inventions and creations have made China stronger and greater in the world.On May 5th,2017,at Shanghai Pudong International Airport,Chinas first large homemade Jet airliner(喷气式客机),the C919,took off successfully for the first time.It has taken about ten years for the scientists and

23、 researches to make this Chinese dream come true.China has made great progress in both science and technology.And it makes a great contribution(贡献)to humans,too.All of these are changing the daily life of Chinese people,even of the people around the world.()The passage mainly wants to tell us_.A.the

24、 Chinese scientists are better at science and technology than beforeB.the Four Great Inventions make China strong and great in the worldC.China has increased the international influence with its developmentD.China has produced the new high-speed trains with the speed of 400 km/h 首尾呼应式首尾呼应式：主题句出现在文首：

25、主题句出现在文首/尾尾 主题句定位主题句定位首尾呼应首尾呼应 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 6(2021遵义)Chemistry is everywhere in our daily life.Sometimes its easy to see.At other times,it can be very hard to see the everyday chemistry at work,but nearly everything you touch has some chemicals(化学物质）in it.Chemistry helps to make products fo

26、r use.Chemistry also helps us understand the world around us.Thanks to chemistry,we know bleach(漂白剂）cant be mixed with vinegar(醋)Chemistry plays a big role in food preparation.Chemistry isnt something that just lives in a laboratory;its something that you meet hundreds of times in life.Knowing how c

27、hemistry works will give you a greater understanding of the life.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Chemistry and food.B.Chemistry around the world.C.Chemistry and products.D.Chemistry in everyday life.3.首尾呼应式首尾呼应式:在有些文章中在有些文章中,为了突出主题为了突出主题,文章文章开头提出主题开头提出主题,接着进行阐述或论证，在接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时结尾时再次再次点名主题点名主题

28、，进一步步进一步步深化主题深化主题.注意：前后注意：前后两个主题句不是简单的重复两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。展。Passage 7 In the world today,all of the people need recreation（消遣）.We can not work all the time if we are going to keep healthy and enjoy life.Everyone has his own way of relaxing.Perhaps the mo

29、st popular form is to take part in sports.There are team sports,such as basketball and football.There are also individual（个人的）sports,such as swimming and running.Skating and mountain climbing are the most popular recreation for people who like to be outdoor（室外的）.Not everyone who enjoys sports likes

30、to take part in them.Many people like watching them on TV or listening to them on the radio.So many people like some forms of indoor recreation,such as watching TV,singing and dancing.It doesnt matter whether we like indoor recreation or take part in outdoor sports.It is important for everyone to re

31、lax from time to time,and enjoy some forms of recreation.()The passage tells us that .A.basketball is a kind of team sports B.everyone who enjoys sports should take part in themC.different people have different ways of relaxingD.indoor recreation is not as important as outdoor sports 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】P

32、assage 8(2015重庆A)In April this year,lots of bags full of small change(零钱)were seen at bus stops in Tianjin.They were made for passengers to turn their notes into small change.And such an idea came from four students from Zhongbei MiddleSchool,Tianiin.“People will surely feel worried when they take a

33、 bus without coins.We just want to do something to help them.”said Wang Yongcun,15,one of the four students.The four boys spent their whole weekend making the change bags.After that they went to see the number of the passengers at each bus stop near their school,and then choose the top six stops to

34、put the bags.The four boys feel very happy because they have done something good for the passengers.Their warm hearts are moving.More and more people are beginning to join in the activity.().Whats the main idea of this passage?A.Making change bags is difficult B.Pocket money can be helpful.C.Giving

35、help brings us happiness.D.Every coin has two sides 藏龙卧虎式藏龙卧虎式：无主题句：无主题句 4藏龙卧虎式：藏龙卧虎式：即主题句即主题句隐含在全文隐含在全文当中，这种文章没有明确的当中，这种文章没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落清楚各个段落讲了讲了哪几个方面的哪几个方面的内容内容，思考这些内容在，思考这些内容在逻辑上逻辑上有有，寻找共同点，寻找共同点,最后最后加以归纳加以归纳形成主题。形成主题。没有主题句怎么办？for example，for instance，however，but，it is tru

36、e that.but.等词，等词，归归纳纳总总结结 文章大意【典型例题典型例题】Passage 9（2020杭州B卷）Traffic lights are red,yellow and green.They are very important signals(信号).Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street corners to help control traffic.Sometimes,they are on streets near schools and shops,too.Most young children are tau

37、ght what each of the colored lights means,so everybody can stay safe.The first traffic signals were used for trains.The signals were put alongside railway tracks(轨道）。The color red was used to mean“stop”because it warned people of danger.A red light was also the easiest color to see from a distance.T

38、rain drivers could see the red“stop”light ahead and had enough time to slow down and stop their trains.A green light was used to mean“take care”and a white meant“go”.What is the passage mainly about?A.The advantages of traffic lights.B.The history of traffic lights.C.The importance of traffic lights

39、.D.The meanings of traffic lights.文章大意 However,there were many dangerous accidents on the train tracks.Some train drivers thought a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant“go”。So the signals were swapped.The“go”light was changed to green and the“take care”light was changed to whit

40、e.During these times,people travelled by train or in carts pulled by horses.Years later,when cars were built,people began to drive them because they could travel much faster than horses.However,the road rules for drivers were not very clear and many people were hurt crossing the roads.Yellow warning

41、 signs had to be placed beside the roads to remind drivers to take care and allow people to cross safely.Today,towns and cities all over the world have traffic lights.Red and green lights match the signals used on the railways.Yellow lights are easy to see,so they are used to warn drivers that they

42、should solve down and prepare to stop.What is the passage mainly about?A.The advantages of traffic lights.B.The history of traffic lights.C.The importance of traffic lights.D.The meanings of traffic lights.扶绥县龙华中学FUSUIXIANLONGHUAZHONGXUE 主旨大意题 (文章标题）解题技巧：解题技巧：“选帽原则选帽原则”像帽子一样，大小合适才行。像帽子一样，大小合适才行。要要简洁

43、、突出、新颖简洁、突出、新颖。标题具有标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点的特点命题形式命题形式:(1)What can be a suitable title for the text?(2)The best title for the passage can be？解解题题技巧技巧【典型例题典型例题】Passage 1(2019重庆A卷)Imagine a world with no more wild animals:no elephants,no tigers or lions.Tosome people,that thought is too terrible

44、for words.So they are doing somethingabout it.Tiffany Soechting is one of them.Being among wild animals-feeding them and caring for them-is all TiffafanySoechting has wanted to do with her life.And that is exactly what she does!.Soechting is the human motherto the 500 animals that live on her family

45、 wildlifefarm in San Antonio Texas.()The best title of the passage may be“_ ”?A.How to Save Wild Animals B.Soechting and Her Wild Animals C.Two Reticulated Giraffes D.A world Without Wild Animals 方法方法1 关注核心及高频词汇关注核心及高频词汇【典型例题典型例题】Passage 2(2019贵港)There are many ways to help improve your health like

46、eating healthy food，taking exercise and getting medical help.But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night.The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough.According to the World Health Organization ov

47、er half the people in the world may be sleep-deprived.Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents.What is the best title of the passage?AThe Ways of Eating Less BThe Value of StudyCThe Value of Sleep DThe Ways of Making Money【典型例题典型例题】Passage 3(2018重庆A卷)Gardening is

48、popular in many parts of the world.It brings us sweetsmelling flowers,fresh fruit and vegetables.But you can get more fromyour garden.-Gardening helps to keep healthy.-.Gardening is a great way to meet people and build relationships.Whenyou are gardening,you are outdoors.So it is a perfect time to c

49、ommunicatewith your neighbors.Most people love to talk about their hobbies,and so dogardeners ()The best title of the passage may be“_”.A.Outdoor Activities B.Healthy Eating Habits C.Advantages of Gardening D.Relationships with Neighbors 方法方法2 根据主题句提炼标题根据主题句提炼标题【典型例题典型例题】Passage 4(2019重庆B卷)When Tim

50、was a boy,he met a girl named Rose.They became closefriends because they both dreamed of going to Wonderland.Before long,they got married and moved to the old house where they first met.Theylived a happy life there and decided to save money for their dream toWonderland.Living in the house alone,Tim