2022年中考英语专题语法复习ppt课件10 简单句与主谓一致.pptx

1、Made by Qianmo-studioMade by Qianmo-studio语法复习10 简单句与主谓一致Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点思维导图Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查1.陈述句的五种基本句型考点一 陈述句简单句结构例句主语+系动词+表语My name is Tom.我叫汤姆。He looks good.他看上去气色不错。主语+不及物动词She never lies.她从不撒谎。主语+及物动词+宾语He watched TV yesterday.他昨天看电视了。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语He gave her a l

2、ovely doll.他送给她一个可爱的洋娃娃。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语He made the computer work again.他让计算机重新运行起来了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.陈述句的否定形式（1）主语+be动词+not+其他.（2）主语+情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形+其他.I didnt get up at six oclock this morning.今天早上六点我没有起床。（3）可以用no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neithernor,none,nothing等词构成否定

3、句。She has no ability in that kind of work.她没有做那种工作的能力。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（4）在宾语从句中,若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,从句的否定词要转移到主句。（5）“tooto”句型本身具有否定的含义。She is too young to go to school.她年龄太小,还不能去上学。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 疑问句 疑问句是用来提出问题的,按所提出的问题的不同,可分为以下3种:1.一般疑

4、问句句型例句Be+主语+其他?Are you a student?你是一名学生吗?Yes,I am.是的,我是。助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?Do you like dancing?你喜欢跳舞吗?No,I dont.不,我不喜欢。情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?Yes,I can.是的,我会。答语:肯定回答用yes,否定回答用noQianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【温馨提示】（1）一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词或句子回答,如:certainly,sure,of course,I think so,a

5、ll right,not at all,sorry,not yet,Im afraid not.等。Would you mind my joining in your talk?介意我加入你们的讨论吗?Of course not.当然不介意。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）一般疑问句的否定形式通常以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、怀疑等语气。在回答时也用yes或no,但其汉语意思与其原意正好相反。Dont you know that?你不知道那件事吗?（表惊讶）Yes,I do.不,我知道。/No,I dont.是的,我不知道。

6、Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.特殊疑问句（1）特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句词条用法例句who询问身份Who is your new friend in the school?what询问内容、职业或身份等Whats your mother?Whats your hobby?where 询问地点Where should I write my name?when 询问时间When do you get up every day?why询问原因Why are your elders angry?which询问特定的人或物Which do you like better

7、,the blue one or the red one?how询问方式或感受How do you get to school?Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）how词组引导的特殊疑问句词条用法how long询问物体的长度询问一段时间;答语:for+时间段;since+时间点/从句how soon询问多久以后,通常用于将来时;答语:in+时间段how many询问可数名词的数量how much询问不可数名词的数量询问价格how far询问距离how often询问频度;答语:once a week,every day 等Qianmo-studioQianmo

8、-studio考点速查3.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的选项,要求对方选择其一的问句称为选择疑问句。选项之间用or连接,回答不用yes或者no,而需要用具体的选择来作答。选择疑问句可以分为以下两种:种类结构例句一般选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+另一选项?Are you from Shanghai or Suzhou?你来自上海还是苏州?I am from Suzhou.我来自苏州。特殊选择疑问句特殊疑问句,A or B?Which color do you like better,red or blue?你更喜欢哪一种颜色?红色还是蓝色?Blue.蓝色。/Neither.I like oran

9、ge best.都不喜欢。我最喜欢橘色。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点三 祈使句Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查Have a good holiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Be careful when you use a knife.当你用刀子时要当心。Lets have a rest.让我们休息一下吧。Youd better not play football on the street.你最好不要在街上踢足球。No parking!禁止停车!Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点四 感叹句Qianmo-

10、studioQianmo-studio考点速查What an interesting story it is!它是一个多么有趣的故事!What interesting books you bought us!你给我们买的书真有趣!What fine weather it is!多么晴朗的天气呀!How beautiful the flowers are!这些花是多么美丽呀!How fast he can run!他跑得真快!How time flies!时光飞逝!Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【巧学妙记】感叹句并不难,what或how摆在前。强调名词用what,形

11、、副用how很简单。名词若是可数单,前带冠词a或an。主语谓语放在后,省略也是很常见。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【思维拓展】1.倒装句（1）So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的肯定事实也适用于后者。Tom watched TV last night.汤姆昨晚看电视了。So did Ann.安也看了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）Neither/Nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语.与前句中的主语不是同一人;表示前句所陈述的否定事实也适用于后者。Mary didnt watch

12、 TV last night.玛丽昨晚没有看电视。Neither/Nor did Jim.吉姆也没看。（3）So+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词.与前句中的主语是同一人,意为“的确如此”,起强调作用。Li Lei is a brave boy.李磊是个勇敢的男孩。So he is.他的确如此。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（4）Here/There+谓语动词+名词主语.There comes the bus.公交车来了。（5）Here/There+代词主语+谓语动词.Here you are.给你。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.

13、there be句型 there be句型是英语中最常见的又非常重要的句型,不管在口语中还是在书面语中,there be 句型的使用频率都很高。（1）结构:There be（is,are,was,were）+名词+地点状语.There are fifty-two students in our class.我们班有52个学生。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）用法:be 动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果主语部分是两个或两个以上的并列主语,be动词的形式则和第一个名词保持一致,即就近一致原则。There is a shop at the corner.在拐

14、角处有家商店。There are two books on the desk.课桌上有两本书。There is a desk and seven chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和七把椅子。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点一 就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。主谓一致用法例句or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式要由离谓语最近的主语来确定Not only I but also Tom and Mary are f

15、ond of watching television.不仅我而且汤姆和玛丽也喜欢看电视。Either I or he is right.要么我对了,要么他对了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句在there be句型中,谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致There are two trees and a horse behind the house.房后有两棵树和一匹马。在here引导的句子中,主语不止一个时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for

16、 you.这是给你的一个苹果、两个橘子和一些桃。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 语法一致原则语法一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。用法例句不可数名词、单数名词/代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式Running every morning is good for us.每天早晨跑步对我们有益。What he said is not true.他说的不是真的。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句用and连接两个或两个以上表示不同的人、事物或概念的名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式

17、;若两个名词指同一个人、同一事物或概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every,more than a（n）,many a（n）等修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式Joan and Mary are Canadians.琼和玛丽是加拿大人。The doctor and writer is very famous.这位医生兼作家非常有名。Every student and every teacher was in the room.所有学生和老师都在房间里。No boy and no girl likes it.男生和女生都不喜欢它。Qianmo-st

18、udioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句主语为each或由every-,any-,no-等构成的复合不定代词时,谓语动词一般用单数形式Each of us has an English dictionary.我们人手一本英语词典。Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.世上无难事,只怕有心人。“the+姓氏名词的复数形式”（表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家人”）作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式The Browns are playing basketball.布朗一家正在打篮球。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（

19、续表）用法例句主语前若有all,some,half,enough等或three fourths（3/4）等分数修饰时,谓语动词的数视名词而定。若主语为可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若主语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语动词则用单数形式All the meat smells terrible.所有的肉闻起来都坏了。Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men.工厂五分之三的工人是男性。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句一些表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词,如glasses,trousers,glov

20、es,scissors等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。若用pair等词修饰,谓语动词的单复数形式则由pair等词的单复数形式决定My glasses are old.I want to buy a new pair.我的眼镜旧了。我想买副新的。A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma.他奶奶送给他一双新鞋作为礼物。主语后有with,together with,but,except,as well as等引导的短语作插入语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致,即“就远原则”The teacher with hi

21、s students is going to visit the museum.那个老师和他的学生将去参观博物馆。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点三 意义一致原则意义一致原则是指从意义上处理主谓一致关系。谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表示的概念。用法例句有些词如maths,news,physics虽以-s结尾,但表示单数意义。其作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式Maths is one of the most important subjects.数学是最重要的学科之一。一些集合名词,如family,class,group,team等作主语强调整体时,谓语动词用单数

22、形式;强调个体时,谓语动词用复数形式My family are having supper now.我们一家人正在吃晚饭。My family is a happy one.我家是一个幸福的家庭。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句all,either,neither,most,some作主语时,若代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数形式;若代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式Now all is going well.目前一切进展顺利。All are here,and nobody is absent.所有人都在这,没人缺席。“分数或百分数+of

23、+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/half of/the rest of/（a）part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词决定Lots of damage was caused by fires.很多损失是火灾造成的。表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的复数形式作主语时常看成一个整体,其谓语动词用单数形式Five pounds is enough.五英镑就足够了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句“the+形容词”表示“具有某种特征的一类人”,其作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式The young usually hav

24、e a lot of friends.年轻人通常有许多朋友。名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示“商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式The doctors is across from the street.诊所在街道的对面。“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式The number of the students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句what从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式;如果从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词通常用复数形式,但也有用单数形式的情况What he wanted to ask was why Lingling didnt come.他想问的是为什么玲玲没来。What he left me are some old books.他留给我的是一些旧书。