2022年中考语法复习 名词考点专练 ppt课件.pptx

1、中考语法复习专题二 名词目录名词分类01不可数名词02可数名词03名词所有格04中考真题05I.名词p名词名词(n)：nounp表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。p即所有东西的即所有东西的名字名字都是名词。都是名词。名词专有名词普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词II.名词的分类类别类别意义意义例词例词专有名词表示表示特定的特定的人、物、机构、人、物、机构、场所场所等的等的名名词词（首字母首字母通常通常大写大写）Bill Gates,the Great Wall,Sunday,Rome普通名词可数可数名词名词个体名词个体名

2、词表示某类人或事物的表示某类人或事物的个体个体的词的词 teacher,pen,country,集体名词集体名词表示若干个体组成的表示若干个体组成的集体集体的词，的词，指一群人或一些事物指一群人或一些事物 family,police,class,team,committee不可数不可数名词名词物质名词物质名词一般为表示一般为表示无法无法分割、不易数清、分割、不易数清、某类事物总称或学科某类事物总称或学科的的名词名词 water,milk,salt,paper,tea,furniture,traffic,biology抽象名词抽象名词表示表示动作、状态、品质、性质、动作、状态、品质、性质、行为、

3、感情行为、感情等等抽象概念抽象概念的词的词 knowledge,advice,courage,information,friendship名词的分类III 考点清单 考点1.不可数名词 考点知识测练（用所给名词的正确形式填空用所给名词的正确形式填空）1.She hates taking _(medicine)when she is ill.2.-Can you buy two pieces of _ (bread)for me when you go shopping later?-No problem.3.We can chat on the Internet as well as get

4、a lot of _(information)from it.4.My Chinese teacher often gives us some _(advice)on our study.5.They spent much _ (money)in buying different kinds of food for the picnic.medicinebreadinformationadvicemoney01考点知识归纳1.不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式,专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词，常见的不可数名词有：water,milk,juice,oil,coffee,tea

5、meat,chicken,fish,pork,beef,muttonfood,rice,sugar,salt,bread,chocolatewood,cotton,grass,hair,glass,medicine news,information,music,advice 2.不可数名词不能直接加a(an)或基数词one(two)等来修饰。如果要表示数量，要用量词+of的短语来表示,如:a piece of paper,a cup of tea,little milk等。3.某些名词，即不可数（表示物质或抽象概念），又可数（表示个体概念）。如：A glass(玻璃杯)is made of g

6、lass(玻璃).I have already finished a paper(论文/试卷).4.常见修饰不可数名词的词或词组有:Some,much,a little,little,a bit of,a great deal of,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,any.如:some money,a little water,a bit of coffee考点知识过关（单项选择）1.There is still _ time for us to finish the project.Dont worry about it.A.many B.a number ofC.pl

7、enty ofD.a few2.After he had two bowls of _,he asked me to get him some again.A.rice B.ricesC.foodsD.teas3.The music sounds so wonderful.I havent heard such_ music before.A.a B.a piece of C.a pair ofD.an4.-Would you like some_ to drink?-Yes,please.I am a little thirsty.A.bread B.chickenC.fruitD.wate

8、r5.I usually have an egg and_ milk for breakfast.But this morning my mother cooked some noodles for me.A.two glasses of B.two C.two glass ofD.a glasses of02考点知识点练（用所给名词的正确形式填空）1.I saw a lot of _(people)in the zoo when I passed there last weekend.2.We all know that different people have different kin

9、ds of _(hobby).3._(tomato)and _(potato)are not only very delicious but also useful for our health.4.Those_(woman)in red are very good at dancing and they often dance at the square in the evening.5.The workers use these_(knife)for cutting fruit and making ship models.考点2.可数名词peoplehobbiesTomatoespota

10、toeswomenknives考点知识归纳1.可数名词可分为单数和复数。可数名词可分为单数和复数。常见常见修饰可数名词修饰可数名词的词或词组：的词或词组：a,an,a few,many,a number of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some,any,.(其中其中a few表示肯定表示肯定,few表示否定表示否定,a few,many,a number of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some,any 后都有加名词复数后都有加名词复数)如如:many people,a number of students1.可数名词复数形式的规则变化:

11、(1)一般情况下在词尾加一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：bookbooks,pencil pencils(2)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词,把把y必为必为i再再-es。如：hobby hobbies,baby babies,citycities(3)以辅音以辅音+o结尾结尾,且有生命的且有生命的,一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-es,其他加其他加-s。如：potato potatoes,tomatotomatoes,heroheroes photo photos,piano pianos,zoozoos,(4)以以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加结尾的单词在词尾加es。如：busb

12、uses,watchwatches,boxboxes,brushbrushes(5)以以f或或fe结尾的名词把结尾的名词把f或或fe改为改为v,再加再加-es。如：knifeknives,leafleaves,wifewives,shelfshelve1.名词复数的不规则变化:(1)有些名词既可以作可数名词有些名词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词也可以作不可数名词,但表达的意思不同。但表达的意思不同。如：如：单词可数不可数chickenchicken小鸡小鸡鸡肉鸡肉roomroom房间房间空间空间rainrain一场雨一场雨雨水雨水orangeorange橙子橙子橙汁橙汁timetime次

13、数次数/倍数倍数时间时间glassglass玻璃杯玻璃杯玻璃玻璃paperpaper试卷试卷/论文论文纸纸(1)单复数形式一样的名词。单复数形式一样的名词。如：sheep,cattle,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese.(2)一般作复数的名词。一般作复数的名词。如：people,police,clothes,trousers,chopsticks,noodles,chips.(3)一些名词复数形式的特殊变化。一些名词复数形式的特殊变化。l 元音字母a变e,如:manmen,womanwomen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,FrenchmanFrenchmenl

14、 元音字母组合oo变ee,如:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeesel 特别记忆：childchildren,mousemicel 中日友好，中日友好，人多不变化；英法荷联军，人多人多不变化；英法荷联军，人多a变变e;其他国人通通加其他国人通通加s。考点知识过关（单项选择）1.My grandfather used to keep many _ on the farm,but now he no longer does that.A.sheepB.chickenC.cowD.ducks2.I saw him reading _ when I went to visit h

15、im just now.A.paperB.a piece of paperC.an paperD.some paper3.She often buys some _ to make _ juice if she is free.A.oranges;orange B.orange;orange C.orange;oranges D.oranges;oranges4.People in China are used to using _ when they have meals instead of _ and forks.A.chopsticks;knives B.chopsticks;kniv

16、es C.chopstick;knife D.chopsticks;knife5.Five _ and three _ went travelling together across the desert in the northwest.A.Chinese;Germans B.Chinese;German B.Chinese;Germans D.Chinese;Germen考点3.名词所有格考点知识测练考点知识测练(用所给名词的正确形式填空用所给名词的正确形式填空)1.The red bag is _(Lucy).Mine is over there in my desk.2.It is p

17、olite to knock at the door before you enter the _(teacher)office.3.Linda won the _(girl)200-metre race.Everyone in her class said congratulations to her.4.I gave my mother a beautiful watch on _(mother)Day.She was very happy.5.-Where is James?I am looking for him.6.-He is at the _(doctor).He is ill.

18、03LucysteachersgirlsMothersdoctors考点知识归纳 1.名词所有格一般在名词后面加名词所有格一般在名词后面加s构成构成,意思是意思是“.的的”。主要用于表示人或有生。主要用于表示人或有生命的东西。命的东西。如：Lucys dress,Peters shirt2.名词所有格也可以表示时间、距离、重量和某些无生命的东西。名词所有格也可以表示时间、距离、重量和某些无生命的东西。如：twenty minutes bus ride(20分钟的车程),yesterdays newspaper3.除了名词后而加除了名词后而加s 外外,名词所有格的构成还有名词所有格的构成还有:(

19、1)以s结尾的复数名词,只需在词尾加。如:the teachers office,the students books(2)不以s结尾的复数名词，应在词尾加s。如:Womens Day,Childrens Day(3)表示几个人共有的人或物，只需在最后一个名词后加s。如:Tim and Toms father(蒂姆和汤姆的爸爸)(4)如果表示各自拥有的人或物，则每个名词后都加s。如：Lilys and Marys mothers(莉莉的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈)(5)名词所有格词组表示所在的地方时，后面的名词可以省略。如：at the doctors(在医务室)，at Mr Smiths(在史密斯家)

20、4.重点小知识：（1）a two-metre-long desk 也是名词所有格的一种形式,metre不能用复数形式。如：an eight-year girl(一名8岁的小女孩),a seven-day holiday(七天的假期)(2)名词可作定语,修饰另一个名词.如:an apple tree(一棵苹果树),two baby cats(两只小猫)(3)如果作定语的是man 或 woman,其单复数就要跟着所修饰的名词变化而变化。如：a woman doctor three women doctors 考点知识过关(单项选择)1.-Wheres the manager?I have some

21、thing important to talk with him.-Sorry.He has a headache.He has gone to _.A.doctorB.the doctorC.the doctors D.doctors2.People are so surprised to find that they are not men firefighters.They are _!A.Women firefighterB.women firefighters B.C.woman firefighters D.woman firefighter3.Well go for _ abro

22、ad.Will you join us?A.An 8-day trip B.a 8-day trip C.a 8-days trip D.an 8-days trip4.This is _ room.They share the room together.A.Lucy and LilyB.Lucys and Lilys B.Lucys and LilyD.Lucy and Lilys5._ fathers will come to the parents meeting together.You will see them then.A.Sally and GracesB.Sallys an

23、d Graces B.Sally and GraceD.Sallys and Grace 中考真题过关训练04中考真题精选（单项选择）1.The bandit takes one book and shouts,“Next time I want_!”A.some moneyB.any money C.some moneys D.any moneys2.He put one spoon of sugar and _ milk in it.A.many B.anyC.fewD.some3.Hurry up,kids!The school bus is coming.We have _ time

24、left.A.few B.a fewC.littleD.a little4.Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef,vegetables and _.A.some rice B.a few riceC.a little ricesD.a rice5.There is _ news about this movie star in the newspaper.Where can I get some?A.many B.a fewC.a lotD.little中考考点精练精测（单项选择）1.These _ have saved many childre

25、ns lives.A.woman doctorsB.women doctorC.women doctorsD.woman doctor2.-How does Mr Smith go to his office?-Every morning he takes a _ to his office.A.15 minutes walkB.15 minutes walkC.15 minute walk D.15 minutes walk3.-Did you and your friends ride your bike to the beach yesterday afternoon?-Yes._ we

26、 had!A.How a funB.What funC.What a funD.How fun4.-Do you know why the girl could win the singing competition?-Yeah.Because she has a beautiful _.A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.sounds5.Id like some water.But he wants _.A.two bottle orangeB.two bottles of orange B.two bottle orangesD.two bottles of oranges6.W

27、ith e-mails and telephones,_ has become easier,and the world is getting smaller.A.softwareB.differenceC.communication D.experience7.The population of India _ over one billion now.A.areB.isC.will beD.was8._ you have given!A.What a good advice B.What good advice B.How good an advice D.How a good advice9.We dont have enough nurses to look after the patients.At least _ are needed.A.ten another nursers B.more ten nurses B.other ten nurses D.another ten nurses10.Marys skirt is the same as her _.A.sistersB.brotherC.sistersD.brothersThank you very much