2022年中考英语名词：中考英语名词讲解及应用（全面细致重难点突出）ppt课件.pptx

1、英语名词概念及应用英语名词概念及应用初中英语名词掌握必知要点初中英语名词掌握必知要点 第一名词的概念 第二名词复数变化形式表格 第三名词所有格的变化形式表格 第四 常用名词修饰语的分类和应用 第五考试中名词出现的题型分析英语名词的概念 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。学习者，面对不论是语言能力方面的提高，还是应试教育学习，大多数情况下，只要认识即可，在听说读方面即可轻松交流，而要在各种题型书写句子和翻译方面掌握精准，则需要把名词变复数以及名词可能涉及到的题型命题规律掌握好。名词复数规则表格名词复数规则表格规 则 规 律 例 子1一般情况下在名词后面直接加s.bookbooks dogdogs2以s

2、、x、z、ch、sh结尾的单词加es.bus-buses class-classes box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches3以o结尾的词有的加s有的加es口诀：黑人请英雄吃土豆，西红柿和芒果。Negro-Negroes（黑人）hero-heroes（英雄）potato-potatoes（土豆）tomato-tomatoes（西红柿）mango-mangoes（芒果）echoes echoes(回声)photo-photos（相片）piano-pianos（钢琴）radio-radios（收音机）zoo-zoos（动物园）4以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为

3、v+es，口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。wife-wives(妻子)knife-knives（小刀）wolf-wolves（狼）thief-thieves（小偷）shelf-shelves(架子)life-lives（生命、生活）leaf-leaves（树叶）5以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y 改为i，再加-es。story-stories city-cities family-families baby-babies party-parties 6有些名词有不规则的复数形式 man-men（男人）woman-women（妇女）tooth-teeth（牙齿

4、）foot-feet（脚）policeman-policemen（警察）mousemice（老鼠）childchildren（孩子）oxoxen （公牛）7有些名词的单复数形式相同 deer-deer 鹿 sheep-sheep绵羊fish-fish 鱼 Japanese-Japanese日本人 Chinese-Chinese中国人 名词所有格1 名词所有格表示所属关系,(相当于汉语“的”),在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Childrens Day(儿童节),my sisters book(我姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名

5、词,只在词尾加“”即可。如：Teachers Day;his parents room(3)在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现其它所修饰的词如：the barbers 理发店 the doctors（候诊室）(4)如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个 s，则表示“共有”。如：Johns and Marys room（两间）John and Marys room（一间）名词所有格名词所有格2 2(5)复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。如：a month or twos vacation(6双重所有格：of+名词性物主代词 of+名词s

6、如：a friend of mine(我的一位朋友),a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友)(7)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所属关系。如：a good daughter of the Party(党的好女儿);the title of the song(歌名);the cover of the book(书的封面)。(8)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s.如：todays newspaper(今天的报纸),ten minutes walk(十分钟的路程),Chinas population(中

7、国的人口).名词修饰语1 1、只修饰可数名词的修饰语 few很少，几乎没有 a few几个 several几个 many很多 many a很多 a great/good many很多 a number of若干 a couple of两个，几个quite a few相当多的 2、只修是不可数名 little 很少，几乎没有 a little有一点 a bit of 有一点 much 许多 a great deal of 很多 a large amount of大量的 3、既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词 some 一些 a lot of很多 lots of很多 plenty of充足的 en

8、ough 足够的 most大多数的 all所有的 no 没有 masses/a mass of许多 quantities/a quantity of许多名词修饰语名词修饰语2 2 4、名词的其他修饰语 名词作定语修饰名词时常置于名词前 a stone table a girl student 形容词作定语修饰名词时常置于名词前 a pretty girl a nice day 副词作定语修饰名词时常置于名词 the picture below 短语作定语修饰名词时常置于名词 The man standing under the tree is our boss.定语从句作定语修饰名词时置于名词

9、后 The problem which we are facing now is how to bring down the number of city cars.名词修饰语语境学习的重要性名词修饰语语境学习的重要性 例如：only/quite 后只能加 a few 或 a little;而 so/very 后只能加few 或little.only a few few very few,only a little little very little;quite a few many,quite a little much;eg.Quiteafew visitors come to Shan

10、ghai every year.This movie is soboring that veryfew people want to see it.He knows only a little about Chinese history.I cangoout with you tomorrow as I haveverylittle work to do these days.相信大家看了上面英英解释和下文语境，相信大家看了上面英英解释和下文语境，不难理解下面划线短语的意思不难理解下面划线短语的意思考试中名词出现的题型考试中名词出现的题型 根据近几年全国各地中考试题对名词部分考查的分析可知，今

11、后对名词部分的考查重点为：1.名词的可数与不可数性。2.名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。3.名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。4.物质名词、抽象名词具体化。5.名词词义的区别与固定搭配。名词数的考察名词数的考察填空题：1.There are so many wolves(wolf)in the forest.2.Chinese people(people)like to eat noodles.3.There are some children(child)in the garden.4.My uncle and father are men(man).5.I keep many chicken

12、s (chicken).I like eating much chicken(chicken).单选题：There is good_ for you.Ive found your lost watch.A.news B.ideas C.messages D.thoughts答案A。解析 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词，其中A为不可数名词，B、C、D为名词的复数形式，句中用了连系动词is，所以只有A项正确。不可数名词量词不可数名词量词/单位词的使用单位词的使用 Mr Smith always has _to tell us青岛 Asome good pieces of news B some pie

13、ces of good news Csome good piece of newes Dsome piece of good newes 答案A。解析考查名词的数的掌握。news意为“消息”，是不可数名词，所以C、D两项可排除。形容词修饰类似的词组时，一般放在前面。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示：eg.a piece of，a cup of，two glasses of three bottles of a piece of paper;three grams of sugar;two cups of water.名词的所有格名词的所有格 记住以下所有格形式：Toms pencil/

14、the teachers office.Lily and Lucys mother,/Toms and Marys bags,双重所有格：a friend of mine,some books of my fathers 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加s构成所有格。todays news,ten minutes walk/ride/drive,last years cards,Beijings past and present 1.After several _(week)study,the American students found Chinese intere

15、sting to learn.2.It is about ten _(分钟)walk from the centre of the city to my school.名词作主语时的主谓一致名词作主语时的主谓一致1 11.主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式 Lucy enjoys reading books.One of our English teachers is absent today.2 主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数;We enjoy making machines.What I say and what I think are none of your business.3 主

16、语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；The family are eating dinner around the table.The people in China are very happy.强调强调.之一之一名词作主语时的主谓一致名词作主语时的主谓一致2 24 主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式；Physics is a difficult subject for students to study,so is politics.The number of the students is 800.5 谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定

17、。Not only the students but also their teacher objects to the plan.Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。Either you or she is good at drawing名词练习和考试题型1写出下列名词复数box_ knife_ bus_ brush_ ruler_ peach_ glass_ pencil_ boy_ zoo_ man_sheep_ key_ story_ watch_ city_ family_ day_ apple_ erase

18、r_ mouse_ fish_Chinese _ deer _ foot_ child_ tooth_hero_ monkey_ city _ radio _ dog _名词练习和考试题型答案boxes knives buses brushes rulers peaches glasses pencils boys zoos men sheep keys stories watches cities families days apples erasers mouses fishes Chinese deer feet children teeth heroes monkeys cities

19、radios dogs 名词练习和考试题型2用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three _(chair)in the classroom.3These _(tomato)are red.4My brother looks after two _(baby)5Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.6I have two _(pencil-box).7There are some _(bus)in the street.8Linda has three _(to

20、oth).9There are some _(child)in the garden.10My uncle and father are _(man).名词练习和考试题型2用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1There are so many wolves(wolf)in the forest.2There are three chairs(chair)in the classroom.3These tomatoes(tomato)are red.4My brother looks after two babies(baby)5Chinese people(people)like to eat

21、 noodles.6I have two pencil-boxes(pencil-box).7There are some buses(bus)in the street.8Linda has three teeth(tooth).9There are some children(child)in the garden.10My uncle and father are men(man).名词练习和考试题型3选出正确形式1I can see three _ in the zoo.A monkeies B monkeys C monkey2.My two brothers are both _.

22、A.policeman B.policemans C.policemen3.There are four _ in the class.A.Japanese B.Japaneses C.Japan4.I can see ten _ in the picture.A.sheep B.dog C.pig5.The _ has three_.A.boys,watches B.boy,watch C.boy,watchesanswers:B C A A C名词练习和考试题型4用正确的名词形式填空。1.we have many _(sport)clubs.Three _(apple tree)are n

23、ear my home.2.I like _(comedy)and _(thirller).3.Do you have any _(basketball)?4.They are _(Lily)pens。5.It is _(Lily and Lucy)book.6.September 11th is _(teacher)Day.7.June 1st is _(child)Day.8.We have many _(man)teachers in our school.9.There are a lot of _(boy)students in our class.10.What kind of _

24、(movie)do you like?11.I need some _(help).12.I keep many _(chicken).I like eating much_(chicken).13.Do you like _(broccoli)?14.A lot of _(people)dont like Beijing opera.15.I like eating _(fruit).But I dont like _(vegetable).16.The drink is made from four tropical fruits.(强调不同种类是可数名词)17Every _(studen

25、t)has a book.18Each _(student)has a book.19Each of the _(student)has a book.名词练习和考试题型4-answers1 sports apple trees2 comedies thrillers3 basketballs4 lilys5 lily and lucys6 teachers7 childrens8 men9 boy10 movies11 help12 chickens chicken13 broccoli14 people15 fruit vegetables16 fruits17student18 student19 students