2022年河南省中考英语五位一体串讲核心语言点ppt课件.pptx

1、教 学 课 件五位一体串讲核心语言点简单句的五种类型六中常用时态四种句子种类二类语态五位一体三类从句二种语态主动语态被动语态 动词的语态动词的语态1动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。是谓语动词的承受者。2被动语态由被动语态由“助动词助动词be及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构成。助构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与动词有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时作为连系动词

2、时完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或完全一样。其后的实义动词必须为及物动词，或“动词介词动词介词”构构成的及物动词短语。成的及物动词短语。3.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况中：(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。More trees must be planted every year.(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。需要强调或突出动作的

3、承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。句子的主语是动作的承受者。Many houses were washed away in the flood.4主动语态和被动语态的转换主动语态和被动语态的转换(1)主动语态变为被动语态。主动语态变为被动语态。要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，将主格变成宾把主动句

4、中的主语变成被动句中的宾语，将主格变成宾格，并由格，并由by引导。引导。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态：动作执行者谓语动词主动形式动作承受者主动语态：动作执行者谓语动词主动形式动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者谓语动词被动形式动作执行者被动语态：动作承受者谓语动词被动形式动作执行者We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态变为被动语态)He was asked to sing an English song by us.(2)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态。谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将

5、间接宾语转化成主语，也谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或或for。She gave me a book.(变为被动语态变为被动语态)I was given a book.(间接宾语间接宾语me改为主语改为主语)A book was given to me.(直接宾语直接宾语a book改为主语改为主语)(3)

6、短语动词变为被动语态。短语动词变为被动语态。许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词，相当于许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。动词的介词或副词。We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态变为被动语态)Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略不可省略)(4)

7、带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态。宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。补足语。I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语变为被动语态态)Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.(5)被动语态后动词形式的选择被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词主动句中在感官动词see，hear，

8、watch，feel，notice等等及使役动词及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被的不定式，变为被动句时应加上不定式符号动句时应加上不定式符号to。He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态变为被动语态)The girl is made to stay at home.(6)主动结构表被动意义主动结构表被动意义open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表

9、被动意义。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。这种样式的衬衫在这里很好卖。look，sound，taste，smell等系动词用等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。主动结构表被动意义。Moon cakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来味道很好。月饼尝起来味道很好。在在 be worth doing 中中 doing表被动意义。表被动意义。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。want/need/requiredoing相当于相当于want/need/requireto be d

10、one。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。表示不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing.My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。我的自行车需要修理。常考被动结构小结一般现在时态的被动结构：主语+is/am/are+Vp.p+by+其他.一般过去时态的被动结构：主语+was/were+Vp.p+by+其他.一般将来时态will的被动结构：主语+will+be+Vp.p+by+其他.现在完成时的被动语态结构：主语+have/has+been+Vp.p+by+其他.情态动词的被动结构：主语+情态动词+be+Vp.p+by+其他.

11、宾语从句状语从句定语从句123三类从句宾语从句 We know him We know he likes English.主主s主主s谓谓v谓谓v宾宾o宾宾o在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。在复合句中充当宾语成分的从句叫宾语从句。主主s谓谓v宾宾o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一、什么 是宾语从句？试比较引导陈述句：引导陈述句：引导一般疑问句：引导一般疑问句：引导特殊疑问句：引导特殊疑问句：二、连接词：二、连接词：thatwhether,ifwho,whom,whose,which,what，where,how,why,when等等 连接词连接词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：

12、that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能 充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。我听说他一小时后回来。我听说他一小时后回来。he will be back in an hour.他说他非常想念我们。他说他非常想念我们。He said(that)he missed us very much.I hear(that)连接词连接词if,whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：whether,if 有有“是否是否”的含义，在从句的含义，在从句 也不充当成分。也不充当成分。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。老师问我们是否准备好了期

13、末考试。The teacher asked us _we are ready for the final exam.if/whether 连接词连接词if,whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注2：只用：只用whether不用不用if引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。1.whether 与与 or not 连用，而连用，而if不行。不行。2.在介词后用在介词后用whether而不用而不用if.3.动词不定式前用动词不定式前用whether而不用而不用if.1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handso

14、me.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.whetherwhetherwhether 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句词类连接词即：特殊疑问词词类连接词即：特殊疑问词 谁谁 谁的谁的 什么时候什么时候 什么地方什么地方 哪一个哪一个 为什么为什么 什么什么 whowhen wherewhich whosewhywhat How long How far How often How soon How old How tall 多长时间多长时间多远多远多久一次多久一次多久多久多大了多大了多高多高 连接代词和连接副词引

15、导的宾语从句连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句1.Can you tell me_ he is.（他在哪儿）（他在哪儿）2.Could you tell me _ I can get to the station.（我该怎么去车站）（我该怎么去车站）3.Please tell me we will have a meeting.（我们什么时候开会）（我们什么时候开会）wherehowwhen 1.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?1.Can you tell me_ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.tha

16、t A.who B.what C.when D.that2.I hardly understand_ he has told me.2.I hardly understand_ he has told me.A.that B.what C.which D.who A.that B.what C.which D.who3.She doesnt know_ back or not.3.She doesnt know_ back or not.A.whether B.if C.when D.what A.whether B.if C.when D.what4.I dont know _ he wil

17、l go fishing tomorrow.4.I dont know _ he will go fishing tomorrow.A.whether B.which C.what D.when A.whether B.which C.what D.when5.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday?5.Do you know _ they listened to yesterday?A.what B.when C.why D.how A.what B.when C.why D.howCBAAA 巩固演练巩固演练 将下列一般疑问句变成陈述句。1.Do

18、you know China?2.Did you finish your homework?3.Is he your teacher?4.Can you speak English?宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序:宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主主语在前，谓语在后语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。三三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序I know China.You finished your homework.He is your teacher.You can speak English.把下列句子加上I wonder，变成宾语从句 1.Do you kn

19、ow China?2.Did you finish your homework?3.Is he your teacher?4.Can you speak English?I wonder whetherif you know China.I wonder whetherif you finished your homework.I wonder whetherif he is your teacher.I wonder whetherif you can speak English.高频考点宾语从句的时态高频考点宾语从句的时态要用要用相应相应 的过去时态的过去时态一般过去时一般过去时可以用所需

20、要的任何一种时可以用所需要的任何一种时态态一般现在时或一般将来时一般现在时或一般将来时宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态主句的时态主句的时态Note:1.当宾语从句叙述的内容为当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观真理客观真理时，仍然时，仍然用用一般现在时一般现在时;2.当主句用当主句用could或或would表委婉语气时，从表委婉语气时，从句用自己所需要的时态句用自己所需要的时态。四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher.Jim (cook)dinner tomorr

21、ow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last term.填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的

22、需要使用任何一种时态。2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态。应的过去的某一种时态。1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)he_ to Hong Kong.2)he_ sick.3)he_ a book.4)he_He said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在

23、当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。在时态。He told me(that)summer is after Spring.I was told (that)the sun is much bigger than the moon.My parents told me(that)no news is good news.比一比比一比1.She said that she _ (be)right.2.She said that she _(will)fly to America in

24、a week.3.The teacher said that the moon_(move)around the sun.4.She said that she _ (finish)her homework already.5.I wonder where they _(go)tomorrow.waswouldmoveshad finishedwill go破解绝招：1.翻译句子，利用排除法。翻译句子，利用排除法。2.看语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序看语序。宾语从句要用陈述语序（无助动词（无助动词dodoesdid）3.看时态。看时态。若主句是若主句是一般现在时一般现在时，从句各种时态都可以。，从

25、句各种时态都可以。若主句是若主句是一般过去时一般过去时，从句必须变成相应的过去时态。，从句必须变成相应的过去时态。（真理，客观事实除外）（真理，客观事实除外）状语从句状语从句的种类状语从句的种类1、时间状语从句 2、条件状语从句 3、结果状语从句 4、比较状语从句 5、原因状语从句 6、让步状语从句 7、地点状语从句 8、目的状语从句 1.时间状语从句I was watching TV at ten oclock yesterday.I was watching TV when my mother got home.-时间状语-时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：引导时间状语从句的连词有：w

26、hen,while before,after,till,until,since,as soon as 等。When -当时候When I have time,I will go to see you.主将从现1.while-在期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America,we saw him twice.2.while-表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing football.即学即练 -Im going to Japan next mon

27、th.-_you are there,can you buy me a Japanese digital camera?A.Because B.Before C.Whenever D.WhileDWhere was your brother at this time last night?He was writing an e-mail_I was watching TV at home.A.as soon as B.after C.until D.whileDas soon as-一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.Ill ring yo

28、u up as soon as I get an answer from him.即学即练Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?Sure.Ill give it to her _she arrives here.A.before B.until C.because D.as soon asDnot until-直到才He didnt leave the office until he finished the work.=He left the office when he finished the work.not until 可以和 whe

29、n 互换即学即练My daughter_for me until I came back last night.A.didnt wait B.waited C.is waiting D.waitsBsince 自从,通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.The captain has traveled almost everywhere in the world since he became a pilot.2.条件状语从句条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连接词有:if,unl

30、ess,as long as,in case，on the condition that其中，最常见的是由if引导的条件状语从句If 如果If you dont hurry up,you will miss the plane.If it snows tomorrow,the flight will be canceled.主将从现主将从现即学即练 Can you guess if he _to her birthday party this Sunday?I think he will come if he _ free.A.comes,is B.comes,will be C.will c

31、ome,is D.will come,will be If Tom _ the game,well give him a surprise.A.win B.wins C.won D.winningB3.结果状语从句结果状语从句 The book is so difficult that I cant understand it.He ran so quickly that we couldnt catch up with him.Note:1.so+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+that+句子句子 She is such a lovely girl that we love her very

32、 much.Note:2.such+名词短语名词短语+that+句子句子 当名词前面有many或much修饰时，用so而不用such。如：We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句tooto或notenough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school即学即练 The digital cam

33、era cost _ that I didnt buy it.A.so much B.so little C.such much D.such little A D4.原因状语从句原因状语从句通常用because，since或as引导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐减弱，由why提出的问题用because来回答。如:Why are you late again today?Because Ive got a bad cold.since的意思是“既然”Since you cant answer the question,you might as well ask someone

34、 else for help.即学即练 _they arrived early at the airport,they never missed the flight.A.If B.Because C.As soon as D.Although B Bill,_you have finished your homework,lets go to fly kites now.A.though B.after C.before D.sinceD5.目的状语从句so that,in order that等，谓语中常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。如：He m

35、ust get up early so that he can catch the first bus.He must get up early so as to/in order to catch the first bus.即学即练即学即练What would some students like to do after finishing their education?They would like to start to work _ they neednt depend on their parents completely.A.as soon as B.so that C.bef

36、ore D.whileB6.让步状语从句让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although even if,even though,no matter+how/what/when/where/who although,though 虽然 although和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining,the plane managed to take off.The poor man ate a big breakfast_he said he wasnt hungry.A.since B.

37、because C.though D.for C即学即练even if/even though 即使 Even if you dont like your boss,you should do your work.Even though I might be wrong,I will go my way.however+adj.不论 however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.The boy couldnt make his girlfriendsmile however hard he

38、tried.No matter-无论）No matter(what,when,where,how)-无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样)He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.He refused to give up smoking _ we explained（解释）that it harms ones health.A.no matter what B.no matter how C.wherever D.ever sinceB中考真题中考真题1._ they had worked for along time,everyon

39、e looked tired.2 He has been a teacher _ he came to the country.3 It is ten years _ I saw you last time.1.After 2.since 3.since4 The man put on a overcoat _ keep himself warm.A.that B.so that to C.in order that D.in order to 5 He has changed so much _ I can hardly recognize him.A.as B.so that C.that

40、 D.but 定语从句考点 定语从句()指代对象指代对象指代人指代人指代物指代物既指人也指物既指人也指物主格who,thatwhich,thatthat宾格whom,that所有格whose：有：指代指代对象对象先行词先行词关系副词及相应的介词结构关系副词及相应的介词结构时间day,year,date,timewhen,during,which time地点the place,the citywhere,in which,from which原因the reasonwhy,that,for which 在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下况下that和和whic

41、h都可以通用都可以通用,但但在下在下列情况下列情况下,一般一般用用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something that you can borrow.1.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时等不定代词时。一、单项选择一、单项选择1.The woman _ is the most important in my life is my mother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what2.The stories _ were written

42、 by Mark Twain are often humorous.A.that B.ThoseC.who D.what3.Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends.Yes.It seems to be the best way of communication _ people like.A.thatB.whichC.who4.Everyone _ has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which5.I think the first lesson _

43、 we are learning is very easy.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when二、用二、用适当的关系代词适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。填空。1.The boy _ is playing pingpong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.This is the best novel _ I have read.5.Lucy cant eat f

44、ood _ has chocolate in it.that/whothat/whichthat/whothatthat/which三、根据三、根据汉语提示，补全句子。汉语提示，补全句子。1.The boy _(打破玻璃的打破玻璃的)is called Mike.2.Is this the factory _ _(生产相生产相机的机的)?3.Kitty didnt wear _ _(她昨天买的那她昨天买的那条裙子条裙子).4.(正在洗车的那个男人正在洗车的那个男人)_ _ is my uncle.that/who broke the windowthat/which producesthe s

45、kirt that/which/she bought yesterdayis washing the carThe man who/thatcamerasMark was the boy _ was best at football,and _ was captain of the school team.The activity _ the girls liked best was the dance class,and every year the girls gave performance _ everyone came to with their parents.The teache

46、r _ everyone liked most was Mrs Black.who whowhich/thatwhich/that who4种分说陈述句祈使句疑问句感叹句四种句子类型按用途分，句子可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按用途分，句子可分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。考点一考点一 陈述句陈述句陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法。陈述句分为肯定式和否定式两种，句末用句号，读时用降调，有五种基本句型。式和否定式两种，句末用句号，读时用降调，有五种基本句型。1陈述句的肯定式的形式陈述句的肯定式的形式(1)主语

47、系动词表语主语系动词表语We are happy.我们很快乐。我们很快乐。注：系动词有三类，具体如下：注：系动词有三类，具体如下：表状态：表状态：be,seem,appear(显得显得)，go(变成变成),stand(坐落坐落)，stay(保持保持),lie(位于位于),keep(保持保持)表感官：表感官：look(看上去看上去),sound(听起来听起来)，smell(闻起来闻起来),feel(感觉感觉),taste(尝起来尝起来)表变化：表变化：get(变得变得)，become(成为成为),turn(变成变成)，grow(渐渐变成渐渐变成)，come(成为成为)(2)主语不及物动词主语不及

48、物动词They are reading.他们在看书。他们在看书。(3)主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词宾语I teach English.我教英语。我教英语。(4)主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语表物，间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可直接宾语表物，间接宾语表人。一些间接宾语可改成一个由改成一个由to引导的短语引导的短语(强调动作是强调动作是“向谁向谁”做的做的)，或由或由for 引导的短语引导的短语(强调动作是强调动作是“为谁为谁”做的做的)。He gave me a book.He gave a book to me.他给我一本书。他给我一本书。能带双宾语的动词中多数

49、在间接宾语前加能带双宾语的动词中多数在间接宾语前加to，这，这样的动词有：样的动词有：give(给给)，pass(传、递传、递)，take(拿去拿去)，bring(带来带来)，show(出示、展现出示、展现)，lend(借给借给)，sell(出售出售)等。等。带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加带双宾语的动词在间接宾语前加for的动词有：的动词有：buy(购买购买),make(制作制作/造造),build(建造建造),mend(修理修理)，cook(烹饪烹饪)等。等。My mother bought me a present.My mother bought a present for me.我妈妈给

50、我买了件礼物。我妈妈给我买了件礼物。(5)主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补Youd better tell the students not to make so much noise.你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。你最好告诉学生们不要这么大声吵闹。带带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：的不定式作宾补的动词有：tell，ask，order，want等。等。省略省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：的不定式作宾补的动词有：feel，hear，see，notice，have/make/let等。等。2否定句否定句(1)含含be动词、助动词、情态动词的否定。动词、助动词、情态动词的否定。如果句子的谓