2021年中考语法专项 句子种类讲解ppt课件.ppt

1、v英语的句子按照用途可分为四类：英语的句子按照用途可分为四类：v1.陈述句陈述句v2.疑问句疑问句v3.祈使句祈使句v4.感叹句感叹句v判断一下句子的种类判断一下句子的种类vMy father decided to buy a car.vDo you like bananas?vI didnt get up at six oclock this morning.vWould you like some juice or tea?vHave a good holiday!vWhat a beautiful flower it is!vHow long will you stay here?(一一

2、)陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结叫作陈述句，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为束。陈述句分为肯定句肯定句和和否定句。否定句。I like apples.Tom is notgood at English.v否定句的变化否定句的变化v1.含有含有be动词的句子（现在动词的句子（现在/过去进行时，过去进行时，被动语态），直接在被动语态），直接在be动词加动词加not。vHe is my teacher.vHe is not(isnt)my teacher.vThey are cleaning th

3、e room.vThey are not(arent)cleaning the room.vHe was elected as the monitor.vHe was not(wasnt)elected as the monitor.v2.含有助动词的句子（一般将来时，现在含有助动词的句子（一般将来时，现在/过去过去完成时，含有情态动词完成时，含有情态动词），直接加），直接加not。vHe will finish his report in two days.vHe will not(wont)finish his work in two days.vWe have been to Beiji

4、ng twice.vWe have not(havent)been to Beijing twice.vI can go there by bus.vI can not(cant)go there by bus.3.没有没有be词词或或助动词助动词的句子中，的句子中，需要借助助需要借助助动词动词do/does/did,然后再加然后再加not。I go to school on foot.I do not(dont)go to school on foot.The English begins at 8 every day.The class does not(doesnt)begin at 8

5、 every day.They did their homework last night.They did not(didnt)do their homework last night.v(二二)祈使句祈使句v祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、建议、请求或命令等。主语议、请求或命令等。主语you通常省略，通常省略，谓谓语动词语动词用原形，句末用用原形，句末用感叹号或句号感叹号或句号。表达。表达请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上请求或劝告时，祈使句句末或句首可以加上please表示委婉的语气。表示委婉的语气。祈使句的表现形式祈使句的表现形式:Do型型

6、 Be型型 Let型型 动词原形动词原形(+宾语宾语)+其他其他成分。成分。Please have a seat.Be+表语表语(名词或形容名词或形容词词)+其他成分。其他成分。Be quiet!Let+宾语宾语+动词原形动词原形+其其他成分。他成分。Let me help you.v祈使句的否定：祈使句的否定：v(1)Do型和型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。构成。vDont forget me!v Dont make such a noise.vDont be late for school!v(2)Let型的否定式有两种：型的否定式有两种：vDont+le

7、t+宾语宾语+动词原形动词原形+其他成分其他成分vLet+宾语宾语+not+动词原形动词原形+其他成分其他成分vDont let him go./Let him not go.vLets/Let us/Let me+not+动词原形动词原形+其他其他vLets not say anything about it.vLet me not have a rest.v(3)有些可用有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性。开头，用来表示禁止性。v结构：结构：No+名词名词/动名词！动名词！vNo photos!vNo pets!vNo smoking!vNo parking!v(三三)感叹句感叹句v1.感叹

8、句的概念感叹句的概念感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子，感叹感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子，感叹句用感叹号句用感叹号“！”。1.What引导的感叹句。引导的感叹句。结构结构1：What a/an adj 单数名词单数名词 主语主语 谓语！谓语！多么聪明的一个男孩！多么聪明的一个男孩！What a clever boy he is!如此漂亮的一座城市！如此漂亮的一座城市！What a beautiful city it is!真是一个不错的主意真是一个不错的主意!What a nice idea it is!u结构结构2：What adj 名词（复数名词（复数/不可数）主谓！不可数）主谓！u好聪

9、明的猴子啊！好聪明的猴子啊！uWhat clever monkeys they are！u如此冷的天气！如此冷的天气！uWhat cold weather it is!u多么清澈的水！多么清澈的水！uWhat clear water it is!2.How引导的感叹句，引导的感叹句，how用来修饰形容词或用来修饰形容词或副词。副词。结构：结构：How+形容词形容词/副词副词+(主语主语+谓语谓语)！这个男孩子真聪明！这个男孩子真聪明！How clever the boy is!火车跑得真快！火车跑得真快！How fast the train runs!1._ difficult homewor

10、k we had yesterday!2._ cute dog it is!3._ interesting the story is!4._ bad the weather in England is!5._ honest boy Tom is！6._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!7._ carefully he did his homework!HowHowWhatWhat aHowWhat anWhat a完成下列的感叹句。完成下列的感叹句。v(四四)疑问句疑问句v用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用

11、问号。疑问句包括号。疑问句包括一般疑问句一般疑问句、特殊疑问句特殊疑问句、选择疑问句选择疑问句和和反意疑问句反意疑问句四种。四种。v1.Is she from China?v2.When is your birthday?v3.Is this a dog or a cat?v4.You are a student,arent you?一般疑问句变化：提前句中的助动词、一般疑问句变化：提前句中的助动词、be动词动词、情态动词。、情态动词。1.The classroom is cleaned every day.Is the classroom cleaned every day?2.They m

12、sut leave for Lanzhou at once.Must they leave for Lanzhou at once?3.She always watches TV on Sundays.Does she always watch Tv on Sundays?v2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句v特殊疑问句是就特殊疑问句是就句子中某一部分句子中某一部分进行提问的进行提问的疑问句。疑问句。v疑问词分为两类：疑问词分为两类：v疑问代词疑问代词:what,who,whom(who的宾格的宾格),whose(谁的谁的),which(哪个哪个)v疑问副词疑问副词:when,where,why,how

13、1._ would you like to be in the future?2.-_ girl is your sister?-The one in red.3.-_ shall we go to the zoo?-Next Monday.4.-_ do you usually get up?-I usually get up at 6 am.WhatWhichWhenWhat time5._ do you come from?6.-_ are you late for school?-because of the heavy traffic.7.-_ computer is that?-T

14、hat computer is Mary s.8.-_ do you go to school every day?-On foot.WhereWhyWhoseHow9.-_ brothers do you have?-Two.10.-_ is the book?-It is 12 yuan.11.-_ have you stayed here?-I have stayed here for 3 days.12.-_ do you play football?-Twice a week.13.-_ will he be back?14.-_ is it from here to your ho

15、me?-About 5 kilometers.How manyHow muchHow longHow oftenHow soonHow farHow manyHow much How old How tall How long How often How soon How farHow high 多少多少（可数名词）（可数名词）多少多少（不可数名词）不可数名词）多大多大(岁数岁数)多高多高（人（人 树）树）多久（时间）或多长（长度）多久（时间）或多长（长度）多久多久(频率频率)多快多快(时间）时间）多远（距离）多远（距离）多高多高（山山）v3.选择疑问句选择疑问句用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行

16、选择的疑问用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫作选择疑问句。答语不能用句叫作选择疑问句。答语不能用yes或或no回答回答。vAre you a teacher or a doctor?vDo you like Coke or juice?vShall we go there by bus or taxi?vAre you a teacher or a doctor?1.I am a teacher.2.I am a doctor.3.Neither.I am a driver.vDo you like Coke or juice?1.I like Coke.2.I like Juice.3.Either is ok.4.Neither.I like water.