2021年中考语法复习ppt课件 介词详解.pptx

1、介词PREPOSITION理解介词的含义理解介词的含义01熟悉介词的分类熟悉介词的分类02理解介词的位置理解介词的位置03掌握介词的用法掌握介词的用法04常用易混介词辨析常用易混介词辨析05常用的介词搭配常用的介词搭配06介词的介词的含义含义01媒介、中介指的是让两个东西发生关系。介词不能够单独使用，需要和其他词进行连用，才能够起到“媒介”的作用。介“媒介、中介”v1.Look me.()v2.He goes to school bike.()v3.He is interested drawing.()v4.The book is the desk.():通常用在_、_、_ 之前，表示某个人、

2、事物/东西、事件与 另一个之间的_。关系关系介词的介词的分类分类02按照构成形式about,above,after,along,at,between,etc.Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?We need someone with new ideas.1、简单介词是由一个单词构成的介词2、合成介词是由两个单词合在一起构成的介词4、短语介词是指两个及以上的词组合构成的介词，在意义和作用上相当于一个简单介词3、双重介词是由两个介词搭配在一起构成的介词inside,into,throughout,upon,within,without,e

3、tc.I dont know what Id do without you,except for,from behind,from under,up until,etc.Her house is good except for the door.The boy jumped from behind the door.according to,at the end of,in front of,instead of,because of,next to,etc.Because of the bad weather,we couldnt see anything below.Everything

4、went according to plan,and we arrived on time.介词也可以按意义分类时间介词方式介词地点介词其他介词介词的主要分类1.at the cinema,in the hospital _2.Write with a pen,go by bus _ 3.in summer,on Septemper 1st _4.by the way,at last,in the end _介词的位置介词的位置036、被动语态中介词的宾语是句子的主语时要后置。The old man is looked after well.3、介词的宾语是连接代词或连接副词时要后置。I do

5、nt know what they are talking about.GOALS5、定语从句中关系代词时which或whom时介词可提前也可以后置。关系代词时that时介词后置。This is the house that I lived in two years ago,The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.=The school in which he once studied is very famous.2、介词的宾语为疑问词：根据情况置于句首或句末。What are you interested in?By

6、whom was the card made?4、在动词不定式作定语或状语的句子中介词后置。She is a nice girl to work with.1、介词的通常位置:放在名词或代词宾格之前。In summer,we often slept under the stars.介词的用法04常见介词用法in,on,by表示交通方式in,by,with 表示手段和工具on,aboutexcept,except for,besidesbetween,amongoflikewithwithoutforasagainstat,in,onsince,forafter,inby,until/tilll

7、before,afterfromduringat,inin,on,toon,over,above,under,belowbefore,in front of,behindbeside,by,near,nerby,next to,aroundinside,outsideinto,onto,out of,offacross,through,past,over,along,down时间介词地点方位介词方式手段工具介词其他介词常见介词用法at,in,onsince,forafter,inby,until/tilllbefore,afterfromduring时间介词地点方位介词方式手段工具介词其他介词

8、一一.时间介词时间介词Prepositions of TimePrepositions of Time1.1.in月、季节、月、季节、年年及时间段（早、午、晚）及时间段（早、午、晚）on具体某一天，星期、节日具体某一天，星期、节日at时刻（时间点），钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点时刻（时间点），钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点注意注意：at noon 在中午在中午 at night 在夜间在夜间 in the morning 在早上在早上 on the morning of July 1st 在七月一日的早上在七月一日的早上 on a rainy day 在雨天在雨天1.at six ocloc

9、k,at noon,at that time,at half past three,at mid-night _2.on Sunday,on New Years Day,on March 21st,on my birthday _3.in three days,in a week,in a month,in May,in 1998 _4.in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening _ 但：on the morning of May 1st5.at night=_ _ night6.in the day=in the _practiceinthe

10、day-time1.Mary is flying to France soon.She will arrive in Paris _ the 1.Mary is flying to France soon.She will arrive in Paris _ the morning of July 9.morning of July 9.A.on B.in C.at A.on B.in C.at2.The twins were born _ a Friday evening.2.The twins were born _ a Friday evening.A.in B.on C.at A.in

11、 B.on C.at3.We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 o3.We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived _5 oclock _ the clock _ the morning.morning.A.on,in B.at,in C.at,in A.on,in B.at,in C.at,in4.We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then 4.We finish our lessons _ 11:30 and then have a rest _ noon.ha

12、ve a rest _ noon.A.in,in B.at,at C.in,at A.in,in B.at,at C.in,at5.My uncle arrived _ the airport _ the morning of May3.5.My uncle arrived _ the airport _ the morning of May3.6.A ship from South Korea sank into the sea6.A ship from South Korea sank into the sea_April 16,2014.April 16,2014.A.in B.on C

13、.at D.for A.in B.on C.at D.for7.Michael Jordan is a great American basketball player.He was born 7.Michael Jordan is a great American basketball player.He was born _1963.1963.A.on B.at C.in A.on B.at C.in8.8.When is Jays concert?When is Jays concert?ItsIts_three oclock three oclock _the afternoon of

14、 July 18th.the afternoon of July 18th.A.at;in B.at;on C.on;in D.in;on A.at;in B.at;on C.on;in D.in;on9.9.When was David born?When was David born?He was bornHe was born_June 12June 12，1989.1989.A.at B.in C.on D.for A.at B.in C.on D.for10.10.The charity walk begins_9.00 a.m.Don The charity walk begins

15、_9.00 a.m.Dont be late.t be late.No problem.No problem.A.in A.inB.atB.atC.onC.onD.toD.to11.The 30th London Olympic Games will begin_27th July 2012.11.The 30th London Olympic Games will begin_27th July 2012.A.in A.inB.onB.onC.atC.atD.forD.for表示表示“延续的一段时间延续的一段时间”时，可用时，可用“forfor时间段时间段”或或“sincesince过去的时

16、间点过去的时间点、一段、一段时间时间agoago”，常与含，常与含延续动词的完成时延续动词的完成时连用。连用。e.g:e.g:How long have you been in this city?How long have you been in this city?你在这座城市待了多久了？你在这座城市待了多久了？For ten years.For ten years.十年。十年。Mr Smith has lived here Mr Smith has lived here since 1998.since 1998.史密斯先生自从史密斯先生自从19981998年就住在这。年就住在这。I h

17、ave known DanielI have known Daniel sincesince 7 years 7 years ago.ago.Weve been waiting here Weve been waiting here since two oclock.since two oclock.Hes been off workHes been off work for a while.for a while.2.since,2.since,forfor一个时间点一个时间点一段时间一段时间ago从句从句sincesincepractice1.He has been away from C

18、hina _ three years ago._my last letter I have heard from him twice.2.MrsGreenhaslivedinLondon_tenyears.3.MysisterhaslivedinFrance_1982.4.WehavelivedinBeijing_twoyearsago AforBsinceCuntilD5.How long have you been in this city._ twenty years.A.Before B.After C.For D.Since6.I have been teaching English

19、 _ 2006.6.I have been teaching English _ 2006.7.7.It has been rainingIt has been raining_last night.last night.8.I have studied in this school8.I have studied in this school_two years.two years.9.I have begun to learn English _six9.I have begun to learn English _sixyearsyearsagoago10.10._ my last le

20、tter I have heard from him twice.my last letter I have heard from him twice.3.by3.by表示表示“到到以前以前为止为止”by+by+将来时间，用一般将来时；将来时间，用一般将来时；by+by+过去时间，用过去完成时。过去时间，用过去完成时。until/till until/till用于肯定句，表用于肯定句，表“直到直到.为止为止”，其前谓语动词用延续性动，其前谓语动词用延续性动词；词；untiluntil用于否定句，表用于否定句，表“直到直到.才才”，其前谓语动词用短暂性动词。，其前谓语动词用短暂性动词。注：注：t

21、illtill多用于口语且不能放句首。多用于口语且不能放句首。By the end of the day we had sold over 2000 tickets.By the end of the day we had sold over 2000 tickets.By the end of next month,I will finish reading the book.By the end of next month,I will finish reading the book.Lets wait until the rain stops.Lets wait until the ra

22、in stops.Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.Sam isnt leaving until next Wednesday.1.The play begins at 6:40 pm.So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest.A.afterB.aroundC.until D.by2.I wont be back _ June.3.We can be thankful every day,not just_ Thanksgiving Day.A.in B.onC.toD.by4.Th

23、e work must be finished _ Friday.A.at B.by C.after5.We had three meetings _ last Friday.A.in B.before C.by=not later than“不迟于”practice6.Youmusthandinyourhomework_nineoclock.7.Hecannotbeback_ January.8.Wewaited_ 10oclocklastnight.4.in+4.in+时间段时间段,在在（以现在为起点以现在为起点）之后，之后，多用于将来时多用于将来时 after+after+时间段时间段,

24、在在（以过去为起点）（以过去为起点）之后，之后，多用于过去时多用于过去时 after after与将来时态连用时与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。的词语。She went to England after two weeks.She went to England after two weeks.He will be back in a month.He will be back in a month.He will arrive after four oclock.He will arrive after four oclock.1.Mr Brown has

25、gone to Canada.He will be back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in2.Our manager came back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.at3.They said the building would be completed _ a year.A.afterB.for C.in D.about4.They returned _ five days.5.They will be back _ six months.6._10 hours,they will be in China._10 hours,they

26、arrived in China.7.I will have some breakfast ready _ a few minutespractice8.My mom has gone to Shanghai.She will be back _ two weeks.A.for B.after C.in9.Mr.Black went to China and he came back _ a week.A.in B.after C.for D.at10.Iwillfinishthework_twohours.11.Hereturnedhishometown_halfanyear.12.Nohu

27、rry.Thebuswillarrive_tenminutes.A.atB.forC.inD.by13.The 30th Olympic Games will be held in London _ about six weeks this year.A.at B.on C.after D.inbeforebefore时间时间点，点，表示表示“在某个时间之前在某个时间之前”；afterafter时间点时间点，表示表示“在某个时间之后在某个时间之后”。e.g:e.g:Must I finish my homework Must I finish my homework beforebefore

28、supper?supper?我必须在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业吗我必须在晚饭前完成我的家庭作业吗？I go swimming every day I go swimming every day afterafter work.work.我每天下班后去游泳。我每天下班后去游泳。5.before,after5.before,afterpractice1.Wemustleave_.八点钟之前我们必须离开2._breakfast,hehurriedtoschool.早餐后，他匆忙上学去了3.When the school building began to shake,the teachers ran d

29、ownstairs_all the students.The teachers are real hero.AafterBwithCbefore4.He wont come back _ five.A.before B.after C.by5.They said the building would be completed _ a year.A.after B.forC.in D.about6.My father died_ I born.我父亲在我出生之前去世了7.Im going to cheer up the sick children the day _ tomorrow.Aafte

30、rBforCbefore D.from8.What do you often do_going to bed?I like reading a book.AafterBwithCbefore D.when9.我们十点前可以到达机场。We can get the airport_ 10 oclock.表示表示开始的时间，开始的时间，“从从.”；可用于过去、现在、将来时可用于过去、现在、将来时e.g:e.g:Im on holiday Im on holiday fromfrom 5 July.5 July.我从我从7 7月月5 5日开始休假。日开始休假。Lunch is Lunch is fro

31、mfrom 12:00 12:00 to to 1:00,and after that we have Chinese.1:00,and after that we have Chinese.午餐是午餐是从从1212点点到到1 1点，然后我们上汉语课。点，然后我们上汉语课。6.from6.frompractice1.The accident happened _ 7 p.m._ 9 p.m.A.from;to B.between;to C.from;and D.between;and2._March 20 _26,the US first lady Michelle Obama was on

32、a trip to China with her daughters and mother.A.Between;and B.From;to C.By;to D.On;to3.Its reported that the victim was murdered_ 1:00 am_ 1:30 am.A.from;to B.between;and C.from;and D.between;to在.和.之间4.-When will the pop star arrive?-Sometime _2:30 _ 3:30.A.From;to B.Between;and C.At;to D.Between;to

33、5.I often read novel _ six oclock _ seven oclock in the morning.6._ sunrise _ sunset he waited.表示表示开始的时间，开始的时间，“在在.期间期间”；强调实践的延续，谓语动词用延续性动词。强调实践的延续，谓语动词用延续性动词。e.g:e.g:We swim every day We swim every day duringduring the holidays.the holidays.假期期间我们天天游泳。假期期间我们天天游泳。7.during7.duringpractice1.They usual

34、ly go shopping _their lunch break.A.against B.among C.between D.during2.Welcome to our hotel!I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here.A.after B.during C.with D.since3.When did it begin to rain?It started_the night.A.during B.from C.by D.at4.She lived in California _ the winter,5.These attribut

35、es(属性)can change _ the game.6.Many people suffered harship_the war.A.during B.in C.between D.since7._ his stay in Paris,he lived with his friends.8._ summer we often camp in the forest.(泛指)_ the summer we camped in the forest.(特指)9.He woke up three times _ the night.during强调延续的状态；in指一般性的某一时间与季节名词连用的

36、in和during常见介词用法at,inin,on,toon,over,above,under,belowbefore,in front of,behindbeside,by,near,nerby,next to,aroundinside,outsideinto,onto,out of,offacross,through,past,over,along,down时间介词地点方位介词方式手段工具介词其他介词二二.地点方位地点方位介词介词Prepositions of PlacePrepositions of Place 1.on在的上面，与表面接触over在的正上方，不接触表面，垂直方向unde

37、r在下面(是on,over的反义词)1.Look!There is a bridge_the river.1.Look!There is a bridge_the river.A.on B.over C.above A.on B.over C.above2.Can you see the egg _ the plate?2.Can you see the egg _ the plate?A.on B.in C.over A.on B.in C.over3.The light_us is very bright.3.The light_us is very bright.A.over B.und

38、er C.on A.over B.under C.on 4.Leave your things 4.Leave your things _ the table over there._ the table over there.5.Mrs King put a coat5.Mrs King put a coat _ _ the sleeping girl to keep her the sleeping girl to keep her warm.warm.A.over B.with C.behind D.beside A.over B.with C.behind D.beside6.One

39、day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water 6.One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water _ an open fire._ an open fire.7.He was wearing a jacket _ his coat.7.He was wearing a jacket _ his coat.practiceabove above 在在上方上方below below 在在下方下方,是是aboveabove的反义词的反义词1.The temperature will fall_zero at night.1

40、.The temperature will fall_zero at night.A.below B.above C.over A.below B.above C.over2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree.2.Suddenly there is a loud voice _ the tree.A.below B.above C.on A.below B.above C.on3.There is a clock on the wall.It3.There is a clock on the wall.Its _ the blackboard.

41、s _ the blackboard.A.on B.in C.above A.on B.in C.above4.An airplane flew 4.An airplane flew _ our heads._ our heads.5.There is a small village 5.There is a small village _ the mountain._ the mountain.2.above,below2.above,below 注意注意:onon 接触平面接触平面 over over 在平面的正上方在平面的正上方 above above 在上方在上方6.The sun r

42、ose _the horizon(6.The sun rose _the horizon(地平线地平线).).A.on B.above C.over A.on B.above C.overpractice Be careful,there is a heavy box_ your head.Be careful,there is a heavy box_ your head.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.The sun is _ the mountain in the east.There are some stamps _ the desk.Th

43、ere are some stamps _ the desk.The little mouse is _ the table,so it is not easy The little mouse is _ the table,so it is not easy to find it.to find it.辨析辨析：aboveoveronbelowunderaboveoveronbelowunder都表示都表示“在某地在某地”in+in+大地方大地方 at+at+小地方小地方 on+on+门牌，某层楼门牌，某层楼1.at the village,at home,at the corner of

44、the street.1.at the village,at home,at the corner of the street._ _2.in Shanghai,in the country,in Asia,in the world,in space.2.in Shanghai,in the country,in Asia,in the world,in space._ _3.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor.3.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor.A.at,on B.in,on C.on,at A.at,on B.

45、in,on C.on,at4.They arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station 4.They arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel.to the hotel.A.at,in B.in,on C.in,at A.at,in B.in,on C.in,at3.in,at,on3.in,at,on 1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australi

46、a.1.China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia.A.in,on B.in,to C.to,in A.in,on B.in,to C.to,in 2.Mongolia is _the north of China.2.Mongolia is _the north of China.A.in B.on C.to A.in B.on C.to4.in,on,to4.in,on,to都表示方位都表示方位 in in 在某地区之内的某个方位，属于该范围在某地区之内的某个方位，属于该范围 to to 在某地区之外的某个方位，不属于该

47、范在某地区之外的某个方位，不属于该范围围 on on 与某地区相邻、接壤与某地区相邻、接壤intoonin the treein the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。用于指树上的鸟、人等。on the tree on the tree 用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。in the wall in the wall 镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。on the wall on the wall 在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。in the newspaper in the newspaper 用于指报

48、上的内容。用于指报上的内容。on the newspaper on the newspaper 用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。辨析辨析：in,onin,on填上正确的地点介词填上正确的地点介词1.1.在广州在广州 _ Guangzhou _ Guangzhou 2.2.在电影院在电影院 _ the cinema _ the cinema3.3.在湖边在湖边 _ the lake _ the lake 4.4.在海里在海里 _ the sea _ the sea5.5.树上的苹果树上的苹果 apples _ the tree apples _ the tre

49、e6.6.树上的小鸟树上的小鸟 birds _ the tree birds _ the tree7.7.在天空上在天空上 _ the sky _ the sky8.8.在农场上在农场上 _ the farm _ the farm9.9.在街道上在街道上 _ the street _ the streetinatatinonininoninpracticepractice1._ the afternoon of June 2nd,many foreigners arrived_Shanghai,A.In,at B.On,to C,In,in D.On,in 2.China is _ the w

50、est of Japan and _ the east of Asia.A.in,to B.to,in C,on,to D.at,in 3.Well arrive _ Nanjing at ten oclock.A.in B.at C,to D.on 4.海伦坐在我左边。Helen sits _ _ _.5.两小时后，我们到达山顶。Two hours later,we arrived _ _ _ _the hill.6.【2012北京】Is your father home?No，hes working late _ the office.A.on B.at C.of D.toonmyleft