2021年中考语法专项 介词讲解ppt课件.ppt

1、中考介词中考介词介词：不能单独在句子中作句子成分，可以和名介词：不能单独在句子中作句子成分，可以和名词或动名词搭配，构成短语。词或动名词搭配，构成短语。1.My dictionary is in the bag.2.The pen on the table is blue.3.We can learn something by using computers.4.I found him at the bus station.1.My dictionary is in the bag.2.The pen on the table is blue.3.We can learn something

2、by using computers.4.I found him at the bus station.介词短语可以作介词短语可以作表语，定语，状语，表语，定语，状语，或或宾语补足宾语补足语语。1.介词短语作表语，位于介词短语作表语，位于系动词之后系动词之后，常用来，常用来表示主语的表示主语的地点位置或状态。地点位置或状态。1）The childre are on the playground.2）We are in the classroom now.3）The house is on fire.4）Tom is about in his forties.（相当于形容词）（相当于形容词）2.

3、介词短语作定语，修饰名词或代词，常作介词短语作定语，修饰名词或代词，常作后后置定语置定语。1）桌子上的一本书）桌子上的一本书a book on the desk2）天空中的云朵）天空中的云朵clouds in the sky3）河中的鱼）河中的鱼fish in the river3.介词短语作状语，常用来修饰动词，可以表介词短语作状语，常用来修饰动词，可以表方式，地点，时间，原因方式，地点，时间，原因等。等。1）We can learn languages by using them.2）They always have lunch at school.3）He is reading a bo

4、oks at the moment.4）Thank you for helping me.4.介词短语作宾语补足语，用来介词短语作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。1）I put my books in my schoolbag.2）The heavy rain keeps us inside the house.3）We found the car in good condition.4）We found him in the waiting room.良好的良好的介词的分类介词的分类一一.表时间表时间二二.表地点表地点三三.表方式表方式四四.表原因表原因一一.表时间表时间atoni

5、nin the morningin Junein 1990on Sundayon 1st Octoberon a cold winter dayat six oclockat Christmas at the age of 15at noonin Autumn1.at/on/in()：星期几：星期几,具体日期具体日期,具体某一天的某个时具体某一天的某个时段段,节日（节日（day）()：钟点：钟点,饭时饭时,正午正午/午夜午夜,年龄年龄,节日节日()：年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）：年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）atonin1.Children get gifts _ Christmas

6、 and _ their birthdays.A.on;on B.at;on C.in;in D.in;on 2.-There is nothing _ tomorrow afternoon,is there?-No.We can have a game of table tennis.A.on B.in C.out D.up 3.A lot of students in our school were born_ March,1981.A.in B.at C.on D.since 4.He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A.on B.at C.in D.

7、during5.Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A.on;to B.at;in C.by;of D.at;on 6.Children wake up very early _ the morning of Christmas Day.A.in B.on C.for D.at 7._ a cold winter morning,I met her in the stfeet.A.In B.On C.At D.For8.Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A.on B./C.at D.in

8、 注注：在表示时间的词（：在表示时间的词（morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday）前有）前有last,next,this,that时，不再用介词时，不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用前也不用介词。介词。下周天是我的生日。下周天是我的生日。Next Sunday is my birthday.今天早上好冷。今天早上好冷。It is so cold this morning.2.in,after,laterin+时间段时间段/时间段时间段 s time 表示一段时间之后，常用在一般将来时。表示一段时间之后，常用在一般将来时。三天之后三天之后 一小时之后一

9、小时之后 划线提问时用划线提问时用how soon注：注：in+时间段，也可以表示多长时间之内。时间段，也可以表示多长时间之内。I can read 100 words in 20 seconds.=in three days time=in an hours timein three days in an hourafter后常跟时间点，时态不确定。后常跟时间点，时态不确定。1.下课后到办公室来。下课后到办公室来。Come to my office after class.2.放学后我常步行回家。放学后我常步行回家。I always go home on foot after school.

10、3.会议之后他就回家了。会议之后他就回家了。He went home after meeting.later 位于位于时间段后时间段后，表示多久之后，表示多久之后,常用于常用于一一般过去时般过去时。十天前我去了兰州。但三天后我就回来了。十天前我去了兰州。但三天后我就回来了。I went to Lanzhou,but three days later I came back.later 也可单独使用，表示稍后，过会儿。也可单独使用，表示稍后，过会儿。比赛准时开始了，不过稍后就下雨了。比赛准时开始了，不过稍后就下雨了。The match began on time,but it started t

11、o rain later.1.The fish with sharp teeth can eat a person _ two minutes.A.after B.at C.for D.in2.The doctor will be free _.A.10 minutes later B.after 10 minutesC.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after1.I shall go swimming _ four oclock this afternoon.2.They will return _ two weeks.3.We shall come again _.

12、4.He is going to London _ three days.5.He went there a few days _.6.She will come to see us _.7.The meeting ended _ a discussion.laterinlaterinafterlaterafter3.since/for (常用于现在完成时常用于现在完成时)since+时间点时间点for+时间段时间段我学习英语有我学习英语有15年了。年了。I have learnt English for 15 years/since 15 years ago.How long have yo

13、u learnt English?划线疑问用划线疑问用how long.(过去时间点至现在过去时间点至现在)1.He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.3.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.4.He has worked _ eight oclock.sincesinceforfor4.by/before、until/tillby/before表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成表示到

14、什么时候为止动作已经完成，意为，意为“在。之前在。之前”。until/till表示某动作一直持续到某时，意为表示某动作一直持续到某时，意为“直到。直到。”I can repair your bike _ Saturday.We must work here_ ten oclock.We will finish our reserch _ next Sunday.Tom has to work _ middle night.untilbybyuntil5.from.to/till.during.from.to.表示从。到。表示从。到。during.表示在。期间表示在。期间假期期间，我们玩得很开心

15、。假期期间，我们玩得很开心。During the holiday,we had a great time.我从周三到周天上班。我从周三到周天上班。I work from Wednesday to/till Sunday.(时间点时间点)(时间段时间段)1.There is a cartoon programme _ 6:30 to 7:00 in the evening.2._ the past years,he has worked hard at English.3.The work must be finished _ Friday.4.We will have classes _ ne

16、xt Monday.Duringfrombyuntil二、表地点二、表地点1.in,at,on1.My uncle live _ F12 _ the fifth floor.2.They arrived _ Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel.in表示不确定的地方表示不确定的地方at表示具体的位置表示具体的位置on表示楼层表示楼层(范围较大范围较大)(范围较小范围较小)inatonatin里面，排、行、组里面，排、行、组on左、右边左、右边at前、后部前、后部stand in line in team

17、 3 in row 5on the left/rightat the back of the classrrom在左、右边在左、右边排队排队在第三队里在第三队里在第五行、列在第五行、列在教室的后面在教室的后面2.between,amongbetween 表示两者之间表示两者之间among 表示三者或三者以上之间表示三者或三者以上之间1.Tom is sitting _ Frank and Jerry.2._ the trees lives a farmer.3.You can find him _ the students.4.You can find the car _ two trees.

18、betweenAmongbetweenamong3.across,throughacross 表示从物体表面穿过表示从物体表面穿过through 表示从物体内部穿过表示从物体内部穿过1.The boys swim _ the river.2.Go _ the street,and turn left.3.A dog ran after a cat _ the grass.4.Go _ the woods,and you can see the river.throughthroughacrossacross4.on,over,underover指垂直的上方，与指垂直的上方，与under相对，但

19、相对，但over与与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。表示某物体上面并与之接触。1.There are some boats _ the river.2.There is a wooden bridge _ the river.3.There is a boat _ the bridge.underonover1.The boat is passing _ the bridge.2.A new bridge will be built _ the river.3.The small village lies _ the west of t

20、he river.4.They used to live _ 101 Heping Road,Tianjin.5.Dont sit _ the two bikes.6.The river runs _ the city.underoveronatbetweenthrough注：易混淆词汇辨析注：易混淆词汇辨析1.in front of.对应词：对应词：behind There is a tall tree in front of the house.in the front of.对应词：对应词：at the back of.There is a clock in the front of t

21、he classroom.物体外部前物体外部前物体内部前物体内部前2.in the east of.on the east of.to the east of.1)Shanghai lies _ the east of China and _ the northeast of Guangdong.2)Hubei is _ the north of Hunan.3)Fujian is _ the east of China.4)China lies _ the east of Asia and _ the north of Australia.内含关系内含关系相邻关系相邻关系分离关系分离关系in

22、toonininto3.on the tree in the tree1)There are some birds in the tree.2)There are some apples on the tree.4.in the wall on the wall 1)There is a map on the wall.2)There are two windows in the wall.长在树上的长在树上的外来的，不属于树本身的外来的，不属于树本身的墙表面的墙表面的镶嵌的墙体内的镶嵌的墙体内的三、表方式三、表方式1.by1)by+交通工具交通工具We go to school by bik

23、e/bus/car/ship/plan.注：步行注：步行(on foot)We will go to Beijing by plan.We will go to Beijing _ a plan.on注：注：by+交通工具可以转化交通工具可以转化为为on/in a/the 交通工具交通工具by bus=on a/the busby bike=on a/the bikeby train=on a/the trainby plane=on a/the planeby car=in a/the car 2)by+doing(动名词动名词)通过做某事的方式通过做某事的方式通过阅读，我们可以获取知识。通

24、过阅读，我们可以获取知识。We can learn knowladge _.经过努力，经过努力，Tom通过了考试。通过了考试。Tom passed the exam _.by reading booksby working hard2.in1)in+语言语言 表示使用某种语言表示使用某种语言Can you say it in English?He can sing many songs in Chinese.We chat with his friends in German.2)in+way 表示通过什么样的方式表示通过什么样的方式常用短语：常用短语：in this/that way 用这样

25、、那样的方式用这样、那样的方式in a different way 用一种不同的方式用一种不同的方式in a/an adj voice 用怎么样的语气用怎么样的语气in a high voice 提高嗓门，大声地提高嗓门，大声地in an angry voice 生气地生气地(说说)3.with1)with+人体器官人体器官 使用什么做。使用什么做。人用耳朵听，用眼镜看。人用耳朵听，用眼镜看。People listen with ears and look with eyes.我们使用嘴和鼻子呼吸。我们使用嘴和鼻子呼吸。We breathe with our mouth and nose.2)

26、with+工具工具使用什么做。使用什么做。老师用粉笔写了一些单词。老师用粉笔写了一些单词。Teacher wrote some words with chalk.中国人使用筷子吃饭。中国人使用筷子吃饭。Chinese eat food with chopsticks.四、表原因四、表原因1.for,at1)They will reward you _ your help.2)He is angry _ being cheated.3)The soldier was severely punished _ having disobeyed the order.4)I am surprised _

27、 your coming.forforatat1)They will reward you for your help.for 常用来表示引发某种常用来表示引发某种行为动作行为动作的原因的原因2)He is angry at being delayed.at 用来表示用来表示情感变化情感变化的原因，常跟在表情感，的原因，常跟在表情感，情绪的形容词之后。情绪的形容词之后。1.Tom was praised _ telling the truth.2.Thank you _ inviting me to the party.3.I am disappointed _ my words.4.My t

28、eacher was surprised _ my advice.thank/punish/praise/reward/admire ab forbe disapointed/surprised/angry/mad atatatforfor感谢感谢惩罚惩罚钦佩钦佩奖励奖励表扬表扬失望失望惊讶惊讶生气生气发火发火2.thanks to,because of thanks to 多亏，幸亏多亏，幸亏because of 因为，由于因为，由于1.幸亏有你的帮助，我才能赢。幸亏有你的帮助，我才能赢。Thanks to your help,I was able to win.2.因为交通拥堵，我上班迟到

29、了。因为交通拥堵，我上班迟到了。Because of the heavy traffic,I went to work late.3.of,fromdie ofdie fromThe old man died _ hunger on a cold night.A number of smokers died _ lung cancer.I am surprised to hear that he died _ a car accident.因为内在原因而死亡（身体内部）因为内在原因而死亡（身体内部）因为外在原因而死亡（车祸，意外等）因为外在原因而死亡（车祸，意外等）ofoffrom五、其他类别

30、五、其他类别1.表示计量表示计量at 表示表示“以以速度速度”“以以价格价格”It flies at a speed of 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a low price.for 表示表示“用用交换，以交换，以为代价为代价”I paid a car for 100,000 RMB.by 表示表示“以以计计”，后跟度量单位，后跟度量单位The workers were paid by days.2.2.表示关于表示关于about 指指“关于关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情某人或某事物的较详细的情况。况。I want to know somet

31、hing more about you.on 指指“关于关于”学术性的或严肃的事。学术性的或严肃的事。Its a textbook on the history of China.There will be a speech on English.3.表示表示“像像”likeasThe hat looks like a lighthouse.Do you have the bike like this?He talked to me as a father.As your friend,I should help you.表示表示“像像一样一样”，其实不是。，其实不是。表示表示“作为，以作为，

32、以身份身份”，其实也是。，其实也是。4.4.表示支持或反对表示支持或反对against 反对，反对，for 支持，互为反义词支持，互为反义词Are you for my idea or against it?We have nothing against helping the poor.Tom was against putting off the meeting.We are all for the decision.5.表示除某人某物外表示除某人某物外besidesexcept1)Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.2)He is

33、 interested in tennis besides football.3)Everyone is here except Tom.4)I like all the subjects except English.除此之外还有除此之外还有除此之外不包含除此之外不包含except/except for都表示除此之外不包含都表示除此之外不包含1.The office is open every day except Sundays.2.She looked everywhere except here.3.Your writing is good except for a few gramm

34、ar mistakes.4.Tom is a good student except for carelessness.except 表示同类排除，前后事物一致。表示同类排除，前后事物一致。except 表示整体之部分。表示整体之部分。6.表示穿着，打扮，外貌表示穿着，打扮，外貌in 后跟颜色或衣服，表示某人的衣着后跟颜色或衣服，表示某人的衣着with 后跟除衣服以外的装扮，如眼镜，首饰等后跟除衣服以外的装扮，如眼镜，首饰等，还可以表示某人外貌特征。，还可以表示某人外貌特征。Do you know the girl in red/a red coat?The boy with a watch/glasses is my friend.Harry Potter is a boy with a lightning on his forehead.