2021年中考英语语法专题 主从复合句之状语从句ppt课件.pptx

1、中考状语从句中考状语从句状语：常用来修饰动词，表示动作发生的状语：常用来修饰动词，表示动作发生的时间，时间，地点，原因，目的，结果，方式地点，原因，目的，结果，方式等。等。1.We are taking an English lesson now.2.Because of the heavy rain,we were late.3.I come here to visit you.4.Tom often goes to work on foot.5.The children like playing games in the park.6.The boy is old enough to lo

2、ok after himself.1.We are taking an English lesson now.2.We were takeing an English lesson when the strom came.3.Because of the heavy rain,we were late.4.Because it rained heavily,we were late.状语从句：状语从句：(连词连词+句子句子)充当句子的状语充当句子的状语1.时间状语时间状语从句从句2.原因状语原因状语从句从句3.结果状语结果状语从句从句4.条件状语条件状语从句从句5.目的状语目的状语从句从句6.

3、让步状语让步状语从句从句7.比较状语比较状语从句从句状语从句考点：状语从句考点：v1.连接词（引导词）连接词（引导词）v2.主从句的时态主从句的时态时间状语从句时间状语从句从句表示主句动作发生的时间。从句表示主句动作发生的时间。常用连接词常用连接词1.when,while,as 2.before,after 3.until(not.until.)4.since5.as soon as hardly.when.,no sooner.than.1.when,while,as:表示主从句动作表示主从句动作同时发生同时发生,意为意为当。的时候，当。的时候，且常用在且常用在过去时过去时中。中。1)当我正

4、在看书时，地震发生了。当我正在看书时，地震发生了。When I was reading a book,the earthquake happened.2)当暴风雨来临时，我们正在打篮球。当暴风雨来临时，我们正在打篮球。we were playing basketball when the strom came.when时间段时间段-动词可延续动词可延续-过去进行时过去进行时时间点时间点-动词非延续动词非延续-一般过去时一般过去时1)当当Tom在修他的自行车时，爸爸在看电视。在修他的自行车时，爸爸在看电视。While Tom was repairing his bike,his father w

5、as watching TV.2)当老师在讲课的时候，我们在记笔记。当老师在讲课的时候，我们在记笔记。While the teacher was giving a lesson,we were taking notes.While-时间段时间段-动词可延续动词可延续-过去进行时过去进行时如果从句动作和主句动作如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生同时发生，并且，并且从句从句动作为延续性动词时动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以可以互换使用。互换使用。1.When/While/As we,a stranger came in.2.When/While/As she a phone cal

6、l,I was writing a letter.3.When/As the door opend,a crowd of students rushed into the room.情况情况1：当：当as表示一边。，一边。表示一边。，一边。1.As my mother those old songs,tears her cheeks.2.The students notes as they.主从句是常用一般过去时，不用过去进行时。主从句是常用一般过去时，不用过去进行时。注：注：as不能用不能用when，while替换的情况替换的情况情况情况2：当：当as表示表示“随着时间的推移随着时间的推移”

7、1.As the day went on,the weather got worse.2.As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.3.As summer comes,days becomes longer and longer.1.Mother was doing some cleaning _ father was watching the football match.2.She danced _ she sang.3.He couldnt help crying _ he heard the bad news.4.Helen

8、 was cleaning the window _ her mother was cooking.5.I went to bed _ I finished my homework.whenwhilewhenaswhile2.before,afterbefore:在。之前在。之前 after:在。之后在。之后常表示两个有常表示两个有先后顺序先后顺序的动作。的动作。1.在我离开办公室前，我把灯关了。在我离开办公室前，我把灯关了。Before I left the office,I had turned off the light.2.在我完成工作后，我才去睡觉。在我完成工作后，我才去睡觉。Aft

9、er I had finished the work,I to bed.如果动作发生在过去：如果动作发生在过去：after后的动作用过去完成后的动作用过去完成时；时；before后的动作用一般过去时。后的动作用一般过去时。Tom went for a walk.Tom had dinner.Before he went for a walk,Tom had had dinner.We took the final exam.We had a long holiday.After we had taken the final exam,we a long holiday.They played

10、football.Thay had a reat.Before they had a reat,they played football.3.till,until相同点：都可以表示某个动作相同点：都可以表示某个动作持续发生持续发生到某事到某事(时时)停止。停止。1.We waited for him till/until he came.2.Tom studied till/until his father told him to rest.3.He will teach the children till/until he retires.不同点：不同点：till 通常不与通常不与not连用

11、；当主句动词为连用；当主句动词为非延续动词时，常构成非延续动词时，常构成not.until.结构。结构。I slept until/till he woke me up.I didnt go to bed until I finished my report.We stayed here till/until the holiday was over.We didt leave until the holiday was over.not.until.直到从句动作发生，主句动作才开直到从句动作发生，主句动作才开始。始。4.sincesince 表示自过去动作发生一直到现在。表示自过去动作发生一

12、直到现在。since连接时间状语从句时，连接时间状语从句时，主句常用现在完成时主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时从句常用一般过去时。1.在他来到中国，就一直在学习汉语。在他来到中国，就一直在学习汉语。He Chinese since he came to China.2.在我们认识那天，我们就成了好朋友。在我们认识那天，我们就成了好朋友。Since we knew each other,we good friends.注：注：It is+时间段时间段+since+从句从句It has been+时间段时间段+since+从句从句自从句动作发生到现在有多长时间自从句动作发生到现在有多长时间1

13、.自我学习英语以来已经有自我学习英语以来已经有10年了。年了。It 10 years since I learnt English.2.从我工作开始到现在已有从我工作开始到现在已有8年了。年了。It 8 years since I worked.5.as soon as.,hardly.when.,no sooner.than.表示一个动作刚结束，另一个动作就开始了表示一个动作刚结束，另一个动作就开始了他一得到消息，就离开了。他一得到消息，就离开了。As soon as he had got the news,he left.He had hardly got the news when he

14、 left.He had no sooner got the news than he left.1.他一看到我就跑掉了。他一看到我就跑掉了。As soon as he had seen me,he ran away.He had hardly seen me when he ran away.He had no sooner seen me than he ran away.2.我一到家就下雨了我一到家就下雨了I had hardly reached home when it began to rain.I had no sooner reached home than it began t

15、o rain.当主从句动作都发生在当主从句动作都发生在将来将来时，一下连词时，一下连词都可以遵循：都可以遵循：主将从现，主情从现，主祈主将从现，主情从现，主祈从现从现。when,till,until,as soon as,before,after.结果状语从句结果状语从句v常用的表示结果状语从句的连词。常用的表示结果状语从句的连词。vso that+从句从句 such that+从句从句v太什么样，导致什么事情的发生太什么样，导致什么事情的发生vTom runs so fast that nobody can catch him.vTom跑得太快了，没有人能够追上他。跑得太快了，没有人能够追上

16、他。vIt is such an interesting book that I am reading it these days.v这是一本如此有趣的书，我这几天都在看。这是一本如此有趣的书，我这几天都在看。主句表原因，从句表结果主句表原因，从句表结果从句表结果从句表结果so that 句型一句型一vThe dish is so nice that everyone likes it.v这道菜是如此的美味，每个人都喜欢。这道菜是如此的美味，每个人都喜欢。vYour house is so dirty that I cant stand it.v你的房子太乱了，我实在忍不了了。你的房子太乱了，

17、我实在忍不了了。v若遇到主系表结构，常用若遇到主系表结构，常用so来修饰后面的形容来修饰后面的形容词，结构为：词，结构为：so+形容词形容词+that+从句从句so that 句型二句型二vHe speaks English so fast that we cant understand.v他的英语说得太快了，我们都没理解。他的英语说得太快了，我们都没理解。vHe arrived so late that the teacher almost finished the class.v他来得太迟了，老师都快要下课了。他来得太迟了，老师都快要下课了。v若遇到主谓结构，需要副词修饰动词时，结构若遇到

18、主谓结构，需要副词修饰动词时，结构为：为：so+副词副词 that+从句从句so that 句型三句型三vJerry is so funny a teacher that we all like him.vJerry 是一位如此有趣老师，我们都喜欢他。是一位如此有趣老师，我们都喜欢他。vIt is so difficult a question that we cant work out it.v这是一个如此难的问题，我们都不能做出来。这是一个如此难的问题，我们都不能做出来。v若需要修饰一个可数名词单数时，结构为：若需要修饰一个可数名词单数时，结构为：so+形容词形容词+a/an+可数单可数单

19、 that+从句从句这个问题太难了，我无法解决。这个问题太难了，我无法解决。The problem was _that I couldnt solve it.她是如此可爱的女孩子，所有人都非常喜欢她。她是如此可爱的女孩子，所有人都非常喜欢她。She is _that all love her very much.他开车实在太大意了，差点丢了性命。他开车实在太大意了，差点丢了性命。He drove _ that he almost lost his life.so difficult so lovely a girlso carelessly such that 句型一句型一Jerry 是一位如

20、此有趣老师，我们都喜欢他。是一位如此有趣老师，我们都喜欢他。Jerry is so funny a man that we all like him.Jerry is such a funny man that we all like him.这是一个如此难的问题，我们都不能做出来。这是一个如此难的问题，我们都不能做出来。It is so hard a question that we cant solve it.It is such a hard question that we cant solve it.在在such句型中，若需要修饰可数名词单数，结构句型中，若需要修饰可数名词单数，结构

21、为：为：such+a/an+形容词形容词+名词单数名词单数+that+从句从句such that 句型二句型二These are such active boys that they like sports.这是些如此活跃的男孩子，他们都喜欢体育。这是些如此活跃的男孩子，他们都喜欢体育。They are such useful books that they sold well.这些书如此的有用，买的很好。这些书如此的有用，买的很好。在在such句型中，若需要修饰可数名词复数时，句型中，若需要修饰可数名词复数时，结构为：结构为：such+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数+that从句从句

22、such that 句型三句型三It is such fresh air here that I really enjoy it.这里的空气是如此的新鲜，我非常喜欢。这里的空气是如此的新鲜，我非常喜欢。It was such bad weather that we could stay at home.天气是如此糟糕，我们只能待在家里。天气是如此糟糕，我们只能待在家里。在在such句型中，若需要修饰不可数名词，结构句型中，若需要修饰不可数名词，结构为：为：such+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+that从句从句such that 句型四句型四vsuch是一个形容词，意思是如此的，这样的是

23、一个形容词，意思是如此的，这样的，所以，所以such直接可以修饰名词。直接可以修饰名词。I made such a mistake that I couldnt forgive myself.We got such success that we were very happy.He has such problems that he feels worried.such+a/an+可数单可数单/可数复可数复/不可数不可数 that从句从句1.Mike是如此诚实的一个男孩子，我们都相信他。是如此诚实的一个男孩子，我们都相信他。Mike is _that we all believe in hi

24、m.2.他们是这样好的孩子们，他们的老师都喜欢他们。他们是这样好的孩子们，他们的老师都喜欢他们。They are _that their teachers all like them.3.这是如此好的消息，我很听到都很高兴。这是如此好的消息，我很听到都很高兴。It was _that we were glad to hear it.4.他有这么多书，我都数不过来。他有这么多书，我都数不过来。He has _ that I cant count them.such an honest boy such good children such good news so many books他有这么多

25、书，我都数不过来。他有这么多书，我都数不过来。He has so many books that I cant count them.在结果状语从句中，若名词前出现在结果状语从句中，若名词前出现many,much,few,little这四个词时，必须用这四个词时，必须用so。I have so few friends that I feel lonely.There was so much food that we could not eat it all.so用法总结用法总结vso+副词副词vso+形容词形容词vso+形容词形容词+a/an+名词单数名词单数vso+many/much/few

26、/little+名复名复/不可数不可数such用法总结用法总结vsuch+(a/an)名词名词vsuch+a/an+adj+名词单数名词单数vsuch+adj+名词复数名词复数vsuch+adj+不可数名词不可数名词v1.He speaks _fast that no one can catch him.v2.I have had _many falls that Im black and blue.v3.There are _ few books that I cant give you one.v4.They are _ interesting movies that I want to

27、see them again and again.v5.They are _ many interesting movies that I want to see them again and again.v6.Our country has _ much coal that she can export large quantities.sosososuchsoso v7.The shop sells _ expensive goods that I want to buy nothing in it.v8.Hes _ a good person that we mustnt blame h

28、im.v9.They are _ fine teachers that we all respect them.v10.It is _ nice weather that I would like to go to the beach.suchsuchsuchsuch目的状语从句目的状语从句表示从句动作是主句动作发生的目的。表示从句动作是主句动作发生的目的。常用连词常用连词:so that,in order that,in case.1)so that/in order that意为意为“为了，以便于为了，以便于”He is working hard in order that he can

29、pass the examination.为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。为了考试及格，他正在努力学习。Speak clearly so that they may understand you.说清楚点以便能明白你说的话。说清楚点以便能明白你说的话。1.我们使用电脑为的是能节省时间。我们使用电脑为的是能节省时间。We use computers in order that we may save time.2.他早早起床为了能按时到校。他早早起床为了能按时到校。He got up early so that he could get to school on time.注：注：1.主从句时态要

30、保持一致；主从句时态要保持一致；2.从句动词常由情态动词构成，如从句动词常由情态动词构成，如can,could,may,might等，表示可以，能够。等，表示可以，能够。2)in case 意为意为“以免，免得以免，免得”1.Be quiet,in case you will wake up the baby.安静点，以免吵醒孩子。安静点，以免吵醒孩子。2.Youd beeter put on your coat,in case you catch a cold.你最好穿上外套，免得感冒。你最好穿上外套，免得感冒。3.I wrote down his address in case I got

31、 lost.我写下了他的地址，以免迷路。我写下了他的地址，以免迷路。注：目的状语从句与简单句的转化注：目的状语从句与简单句的转化1.We use computers in order that we may save time.We use computers in order to save time.2.He got up early so that he could get to school on time.He got up early so as to get to school on time.3.He is working hard in order that he can p

32、ass the examination.He is working hard to pass the examination.to do/in order to do/so as to do 可以表目的。可以表目的。1.Idliketoarrive20minutesearly_I canhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonas B.asaresultC.incase D.sothat2.He left in _ a hurry _ he forgot to lock the door.A.such,that B.so,that C.such,as D.so,whenDA3

33、.You must improve your study method _ you may make progress in your studies.A.so as to B.in order to C.so D.in order that4.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_youlockyourselfoutoneday.A.eversinceB.evenifC.soonafterD.incaseDD5.Speaktohimslowly_hemayunderstandyoubetter.A.since B.sothat C.forD.because6.I often r

34、eview the words and expressions not to forget them.(同义句同义句)I often review the words and expressionsso that I may not forget them.B原因状语从句原因状语从句从句表示主句动作发生的原因。从句表示主句动作发生的原因。常用的连词：常用的连词：because,as,since1)because语语气气最强，用来最强，用来说明说明未知未知的原因，的原因，起起解释说明解释说明的作用，的作用，回答回答why提出的问题。提出的问题。1.A:Why are you late for t

35、he class?B:Because I missed the bus.2.I have to leave now because I will attend an important meeting.since/as常表示已知的常表示已知的原因原因，意为，意为“既然既然”。1.Since/As he realized his mistake,we didnt punish him.既然他已经意识到错了，我们就不惩罚他了。既然他已经意识到错了，我们就不惩罚他了。2.Since/As it is cold outside,I had better put on the coat.既然外面很冷，我

36、还是把外套穿上吧。既然外面很冷，我还是把外套穿上吧。3.Since/As everyone is ready,lets begin our class.既然所有人都在，那我们就上课吧。既然所有人都在，那我们就上课吧。1.I missed the train _ I get up late.2._ you dont trust him,you should not employ him.3.I cant get to sleep _ it is too noisy outside.4._weve no money,we cant buy it.5.I didnt go _ I was afrai

37、d.6.I said nothing about it _ his wife was there.becausebecausebecausebecauseAs/SinceAs/Since注注1：because不能与不能与so连用。连用。因为我不喜欢我的英语老师，所以我的英语很因为我不喜欢我的英语老师，所以我的英语很差。差。Because I dont like mt English teacher,so my Engish is poor.Because I dont like mt English teacher,my Engish is poor.I dont like mt Englis

38、h teacher,so my Engish is poor.注注2：because和和for的区别。的区别。because属于属于从属连词从属连词，而，而for属于属于并列连词并列连词。我经常锻炼是因为对身体有好处。我经常锻炼是因为对身体有好处。I often do excrise because it is good for health.(主从复合句主从复合句)I often do excrise,for it is good for health.(并列句并列句)条件状语从句条件状语从句表示当从句满足某个条件时，主句动作才会发表示当从句满足某个条件时，主句动作才会发生。生。常用连词：常

39、用连词：if,unless,as/so long as考点一：主从句时态考点一：主从句时态1.If we _(have)time tomorrow,we _ fishing.2.What _ you _(do)if you _(are)free this weekend.3.If he _(come)back,please _(call)me up.can gohavearedowillcomescall主将从现主将从现主情从现主情从现 主祈从现主祈从现考点二：考点二：if与与unless的转化的转化当从句表否定时，当从句表否定时，if.not.可与可与unless转化。转化。原则：从变主不变

40、原则：从变主不变If you dont hurry up,you will miss the train.Unless you hurry up,you will miss the train.If he doesnt tell me the truth,I will ask Tom.Unless he tell me the truth,I will ask Tom.unless 常译为：常译为：如果不。就。如果不。就。或除非。或除非。不然就。不然就。v考点三：考点三：as/so long as 表示表示“只要，要是只要，要是”As long as youre here with me,do

41、nt care what is written in your history.我不在乎你过去的种种我不在乎你过去的种种，只要你陪在我身边只要你陪在我身边。As long as you love me,dont care what you did.我不在乎你做过什么我不在乎你做过什么，只要你爱我就好只要你爱我就好。1.Helen,do you know if Martin _ to my party next week?I think he will come if he _ free.A.will come;will be B.will come;is C.come;is D.comes;w

42、ill be2.I dont know if Jack _.If he _,call me,please.A.comes;come B.will come;will come C.will come;comesBC3.They will go to the park _ it is sunny tomorrow.A.when B.while C.if D.whether4.Dont leave the building _ I tell you to.A.if B.unless C.as long as CB让步状语从句让步状语从句表示主从句之间的关系为表示主从句之间的关系为转折转折。常用连词

43、：常用连词：1.though,although,even though,even if 2.whatever(no matter what)1.though,although,even though,even if表示表示“虽然虽然.(但但).”在大部分情况下前三个都可以互换。在大部分情况下前三个都可以互换。1.She kept on working although she was tired.2.Though he is poor,hes still very happy.3.even though my boy is sometimes annoying,l like him.even

44、if 引导的从句是往往是引导的从句是往往是假设性假设性的，相当于的，相当于汉语的汉语的“即使即使”“”“纵然纵然”“”“就算就算”“”“哪怕哪怕”。而其他的三个常表示从句为而其他的三个常表示从句为真实的情况真实的情况。1.Even if it rains tomorrow,we wont change our plan.2.Even if you try again,you may still fail.3.He went out even though it was raining.4.Even though its hard work,I enjoy it.2.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+eve

45、r(no matter 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词)whatever(no matter what)whenever(no matter when)wherever(no matter where)however(no matter how)whoever(no matter who)whichever(no matter which)无论什么无论什么无论何时无论何时无论何地无论何地无论如何无论如何(怎样怎样)无论是谁无论是谁无论哪个无论哪个1.无论你说什么，我都相信你。无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whatever you say,I believe you.2.无论谁打电话来，都说我出去了。无论谁打电话来，都说我出去了。Whoever phones,tell them I m out.3.无论什么时候回来，请给我打电话。无论什么时候回来，请给我打电话。Whenever you come,please call me up.4.无论你选择哪一个，你都会后悔。无论你选择哪一个，你都会后悔。Whichever you choose,you will regret it.