2021年中考英语语法复习ppt课件之句子种类.pptx

1、句子种类基 本 概 念/各 种 分 类/简 单 用 法Where there is a will,there is a way.To be or not to be,this is a question.1陈述句肯定句否定句2疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句3祈使句肯定祈使句否定祈使句4感叹句what引导how引导01 陈述句 Whats the declarative sentence?陈述句是用来说明一个事实和表达说话人的看法或观点的句子，读时用降调eg.She is a good student.We are going to do our homework.陈述句的肯定形

2、式1.主语+系动词+表语 The flower is beautiful.2.主语+谓语动词 The teacher smiled.3.主语+谓语动词+宾语 I like singing a song.4.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语 I love you my dear Mum.陈述句的否定形式1.主语+be动词+not+其他 You arent a good student.2.主语+助动词（do）+not+实意动词+其他 She doesnt like fruit.3.主语+情态动词+not+实意动词+其他 You shouldnt stay up so late.4.否定的缩写形式

3、 is not=isnt are not=arentwas not=wasnt were not=werentdo not=dont does not=doesntdid not=didnt will not=wontExercise1.She does her homework erery evening.(改为否定句）2.We dont have any lessons on Sunday.（改为肯定句）3.You are at home now.(改为否定句）4.He is going to visit the farm next Friday.（改为否定句）5.You wont get

4、 fatter.（改为肯定句）6.He didnt come home on time.(改为肯定句）She doesnt her homework erery evening.We have any lessons on SundayYou are not at home nowHe isnt going to visit the farm next Friday.You will get fatter.He came home on time02 疑问句1.一般疑问句be动词情态动词助动词havecan、may、should、mustam、is、are、was、werehas/have/h

5、ad+donedo、does、did添加的照妖镜提出疑问，询问情况1.Lucy can sing.Can Lucy sing?2.He is a boy.Is he a boy?3.I have bought a pen.Have you bought a pen?4.I have lunch at school.Do you have lunch at school?1.This is Amys bike.(一般疑问句）Is this Amys bike?2.Did you go to Beijing last weekend?Yes,I did.(肯定回答）No,I didnt.(否定回答

6、)Yes,this is.(肯定回答）No,this isnt.（否定回答）3.I have some books.(一般疑问句）Do you have any books?2.特殊疑问句表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：When 什么时间(问时间)Who 谁(问人)Where 在哪里(问地点)Which 哪一个(问选择)Why 为什么(问原因)What 什么(问东西、事物)How 怎样(问方式、手段，程度、情况等)Mike:_are we going to stay in Harbin?Mum:In Grandmas big house.Mike:_does Gra

7、ndma like eating?Mum:She likes eggs very much.Mike:_season is the best time to Harbin?Mum:Winter.Mike:_?Mum:Because we can make a snowman there.Mike:_are we going to this year?Mum:we will go to Harbin.Mike:_are we going to Harbin?Mum:On 10th Octomber.Mike:_do you go to there?Mum:By plane.WhereWhyWha

8、tWhereWhenWhichHowExercise1.S:_ did you go last Sunday?T:I went to the library.A When B Where C What D Who2.Amy:_ bought the new bike for you?Mike:My father.A How B Where C What D Who3.S:Was this book in the desk?T:_ A Yes,it is.B No,it was C Yes,it wasnt D No,it wasnt4.S:_ heavy is John?T:He is 42k

9、g.A How B What C Who D Where3.选择疑问句选择疑问句表示提供两种或者两种以上的情况，要求对方在所提供的范围和对象内选择。备选对象用or连接，or后面用降调，句末用问号。结构A.一般疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?B.特殊疑问句+or+另外的备选对象。e.g:WhenwillyougotoCanada,SundayorMonday?选择疑问句的回答1.从备选答案中选择某一项回答。-Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?-_.A.Yes,a di

10、ctionary.No,a magazine.A magazine .Yes,both.2.选择对象是二者，可二选一就用肯定的either；两个都可以选表示肯定的both；两个对象都不选就用表示否定的neither。-Would you like chicken noodles or beef noodles?-_.I like tomato noodles.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None3.备选对象是三者,可任选其一时，就用one of them；三个对象都选就用all;三个对象都不选就用none.-Which do you like best,coffee

11、,water or juice?-_.I only like tea.A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.NoneIts cold,_?isnt itYes,it is.They are playing football,_?arent theyYes,they are.They werent in the zoo last Sunday,_?No,they werent.They went to the mountains.were theyIt rained heavily yesterday,_?didnt itYes,it did.当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有

12、把握，想再次进行证实。就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。4.反意疑问句结构一：前肯，+后否eg.Sheisastudent,isntshe?结构二：前否，+后肯eg.Sheisntastudent,isshe?She can sing well,反义小尾巴不是么cant she?反意疑问句的解答步骤1.判定（判断该用肯定还是否定）；Sheisagirl,1.判定：前句为肯定，后句为否定2.找be动词，是is，则后半句用isnt3.换代，主语是she,则不变isntshe?2.找动（找句子的助动词）3.换代（将主语换为代词主格形式）；2.找动（找句子的助动词）be动词情态动词助动词

13、have1.She will leave,wont she?2.I was ill ,wasnt I?3.He has bought a car,hasnt he?4.She likes red,doesnt she?5.I am Chinese,arent I?小尾巴结构动（nt）+主必缩写人称主格does1.Lily can play football,2.Tom will visit China next month,3.You d better lie down and have a rest,4.You cant go out,情态动词当have在完成时中或“Youhadbetter

14、”中时，也当情态动词变。cant she?Wont he?Hadnt you?Can you?be动词1.Its a nice day,2.The Greens were at home last night,3.Ben isnt a bed boy,4.Tom is skating,Isnt it?Werent they?Is he?Isnt he?前肯后否前否后肯There is/are/will be,isnt/arent/wont there？1.There is a pen on the chair,2.There are 60 students in our class,3.The

15、re will be a birthday party tomorrow,isnt there?arent there?wont there?There behave完成时Have/havent,has/hasnt,had/hadnt1.You have been to Beijing,havent you?2.He has finished his homework,hasnt he?要变反义疑问句，谨记动词加主语；前后肯否不统一，人代主格there beExercise1.There is little milk in the glass,_?A.isnt itB.isnt thereC.

16、is thereD.is it2.There are a few people in the room,_?A.are there B.arent there C.are they D.arent they3.Shes already back.,_?A doesnt she B isnt she C hasnt she D has she4.The tall man over there isnt our new English teacher,_?A.is he B.is there C.isnt he D.isnt there1.找到动词2.判断肯否、时态及助动词3.主语照抄（若是名词

17、便改为代词主格形式）Tina speaks English well,Doesnt she?1.找到动词是speaks2.判断：肯定、一般现在时助动词用does3.主语：（tina是名词女名则改为she)助动词Exercise1.My mother has to stay at home to look after my grandma,_?A.hasnt she B.hasnt my mother C.doesnt she D.doesnt my mother2.It rained hard last night,_?A.does it B.did it C.doesn t it D.did

18、n t it3.Lucy didnt come to school yesterday,_?A.did she B.didnt she C.dos she D.doesnt she4.You have to keep quiet while watching the film,_ you?A.havent B.dont C.didnt D.will其他（1）当陈述部分有never，seldom(很少),hardly(几乎不)，few，little，nothing(没有)等否定意义的词时，后面的反意疑问句则为肯定形式1.They have never visited his home,2.The

19、re are few apples in the basket 3.He can hardly swim4.It has no legs5.There is little water in the glass6.They seldom come latehave they?,are there?,can he?,does it?,is there?,do they?7.He is too young to join the army,is he？Exercise1.They have never been to America,_?A.have they B.havent they C.don

20、t they D.do they2.There is little milk in the glass,_?A.isnt itB.isnt thereC.is thereD.is it3.There are a few people in the room,_?A.are there B.arent there C.are they D.arent they4.They seldom think about the people,_?A.do they B.dont they C.are they D.arent they5.He hardly has any friends to play

21、with,_ he?_!Thats why he feels lonely from time to time.A.hasnt,No B.doesnt,Yes C.does,Yes D.does,No其他（2）祈使句在祈使句后面附加问句，以加强语气或使祈使句听起来较委婉、客气1.Sit down please,_?2.Please call me,_?3.Dont leave now,_?will/wont you will youwill/wont you其他（3）let当为”letus（你让我们）”时疑问句为“willyou”前五后四当为”lets（让我们）”时疑问句为“shallwe”前

22、四后五1.Lets go to park,2.Let us do homework.Shall we?Will you?其他（4）回答不管肯定否定，只抓信息点，是否吻合。1.Tom 18 岁Yes,he isTom isnt 18 years old,is he?2.Tom 不是中国人No,he isnt.Tom is Chinese,isn he?去掉动词，如实回答其他（5）主语是everyone,someone,anyone,noone,nobody等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用they或he指代1.Everyone in your family is fond of swimmin

23、g,arent they?你们全家都喜欢游泳，是吗？2.Anyone can do that,_?3.Someone is knocking at the door,_?4.No one knows about it,_?cant theyisnt hedoes he其他（6）主语是everything,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时，反意疑问句的主语一般用it指代。1.Nothing is important for him,is it?2.Something is wrong with your computer,_?3.Everything is rea

24、dy for the test,_?isnt itisnt it其他（7）陈述部分是感叹句1.What a clever boy,_?2.How rude the boy is,_?isnt heisnt he其他（8）如果陈述部分的主语是this/that或these/those,反义疑问句的主语就用it或they.1.This is very easy,_?2.These are your friends Tom and Tim _?isnt itarent they其他（9）如果陈述部分是一个主从复合句，反义疑问句部分就看主句部分，但如果陈述部分的主语是I，谓语动词是think/supp

25、ose/believe/expect,反义疑问句部分就要看从句部分了。1.She says that I did it,_?2.I dont think she cares,_?doesnt shedoes she主肯后否，主否后肯，从句选词Exercise1.-Lets go shopping,_?-Ok,lets go.A.do you B.dont you C.will you D.shall we2.Rose,we will start at six tomorrow morning.Dont be late,_?_,Ill be there on time A.wont you;Ye

26、s,I will B.will you;Yes,I will C.will you;No,I wont D.wont you,No,I wont3.I dont think dropping litter is allowed in Yellow River Park,_?A.do I B.is it C.isnt it D.dont I4.Hes never told lies,_ he?_,hes an honest boy.A.is,No B.isnt,Yes C.has,No D.hasnt,Yes03 祈使句Turn left!Turn right!Dont smoke!No smo

27、king!Dont park your car!Dont play football!Dont eat!定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的 动词都为一般现在时，句末一般使用句号或感叹号来表示结束。1.Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。2.Buy me a toy,please./Please buy me a toy.请给我买个玩具。3.Be kind to our sister.对我们的妹妹要和善。4.Watch your steps.走路小心。5.Keep off the gras

28、s.勿踏草坪。命令请求劝告警告禁止祈使句是个句子祈使句无主语，动原开头要牢记，表示命令或建议；否定祈使句，Dont 开头就可以Be a good boy!Buy me a toy car!肯定形式否定形式1.Be 型：系动词原形be+表语+其他3.Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他2.Do型：行为动词的原形+宾语+其他1.Be 型：Dont+be+表语+其他2.Do型：Dont+行为动词+宾语+其他3.Let型：1)Dont+let+宾语（第三人称）+动词原形+其他2)Let+宾语（第一、三人称）+not+动词原形+其他Let him go!Dont be late for school!

29、Dont buy me a toy car!Dont let him go!Let him not go!Let s not go!4.有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking!No fishing!祈使句表现形式考点所有的祈使句的反义疑问句都是willyou,只有letsgo这种类型的是shallwe？注意考点考点句子转化What can make you happy?_,and you will be happy.A.Smiles B.Smile C.Smiling D.To smile连词+句子句子+_can make you happy.C1)If you stu

30、dy hard,you will get a high mark._,_you will get a high mark.2)If you dont study hard,you will fail the exam._you study hard,you will fail the exam.Study hard,_you will fail the exam.Study hardandUnlessorExercise1.Jim,_ me a hand.A.gives B.is giving C.will give D.give2._ careful,Jenny!There is a tre

31、e in front of you.A.Am B./C.Be D.Was3.Lets _ our time.A.not waste B.no wasting C.not to waste D.no waste4._ higher,and you will see the house.OK.A.If you stand B.To stand C.When you stand D.Stand5.Please _ do it.A.he B.let him C.let he D.him6._ let anyone open the door.A.Dont B.Will C.Not D.No04 感叹句

32、感叹句强调部分提前1.She is beautiful.beautiful she is!How2.She dances well.wellshe dances!How3.He has sung beautifully so far.beautifully he has sung so far.How找：adj/adv提：提到句首加：how/what放：其余放后面Alice runs fast.The queens hair is very white.How fast Alice runs!How white the queens hair is!How fast Alice runs!Ho

33、w white the queens hair is!How crazy the rabbit is!How+adj./adv.(形容词/副词)+主语+谓语！Find out the rule!handbag思考Sheeatsmeat.能变成感叹句吗？Sheeatsdeliciousmeat.delicious meat she eats!HowWhat名词短语1.She bought a nice handbag.a niceWhatshe bought!找：adj/adv提：提到句首加：how/what放：其余放后面2.My mother cooked a good meal for me

34、.meala goodWhatmy mother cooked for me!(the queen of hearts红心皇后)A strange womanShe is a strange woman.What a strange woman she is!她是一个多么奇怪的人啊A tall girlAlice is a very tall girl.What a tall girl Alice is!What a tall girl Alice is!What a strange woman she is!What fat boys they are!What+(a/an)+adj.(形容

35、词)+n.(名)+主+谓！Find out the rule!用户可以在投影仪或者计算机上可以将演示文稿打印出来制作成胶片What a beautiful flower _ _ !What cold weather _ _ !What an exciting film _ _ !What lovely birds _ _ !it is it isit isthey are主语+谓语noun phrase名词短语What_主语谓语！单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词用Whathow填空1._ fast!2._ a fast car!3._ fast cars!4._ cold water!5._

36、 much water!6._ little water!What How What How What How 7._ fast a car!8._ a good book!9._ good books!10._many books!11._ few books!12._ little boys!How What What How How What 名前what形副how多多少少都用how多多少少是什么many、much、little、few_importantnewsshetoldustheclassmeetingheldyesterday._funwehadlastnight!What W

37、hat 感叹句先断句，主语以后都省去引导词：Whathow区 别：去掉主谓部分，中心语是形容词或副词的用how;中心语是名词的用what.用Whathow填空_ a bright boy he is!_ bright the boy is!_ good apples they are!_ good the apples are!_ cold weather it is!_ cold the weather is!What How What How What How Exercise1._bad weather it is!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a2._inte

38、resting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!A.What B.What an C.How D.How an3._ food youve cooked!A.How a nice B.What a nice C.what nice D.How nice4._beautiful day it is!Lets go and have a picnic in the park.-Good idea!A.How B.How a C.What D.What aExercise5.Kate has won the first prize in the si

39、nging competition.-_pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a6._ great man Huang Furong is!He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake.A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 7._exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A.How B.What C.What a D.What an8._

40、wide the streets are!A.What B.How C.What aExercise9._happily the children are flying kites!AWhat BWhat a CHow DHow a10._ hard work you have done!-Its very kind of you to say so.A.What B.How C.What a D.How a11.-Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?Yes._ wonderful film it is!A.What B.What a C.How D.How a12._ meeting it is!A.What a important B.What important C.How an important D.What an importantTHANK YOU