2021年中考英语复习-被动语态 讲解 ppt课件 .ppt

1、被动语态被动语态一一 定义：定义：语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（动语态（Active Voice）；）；如果主语如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom w

2、as cleaned by us yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。昨天教室被我们打扫了。二、被动语态二、被动语态结构：结构：be+过去分词过去分词(PP)+(by)表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being done(shall/will/be going to)be donewould be d

3、onehave/has been donehad been done在被动句中有时用在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用必须使用 by 词组。例如：词组。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。是莎士比亚写的。1.把把来的来的提到前面作被动语提到前面作被动语态

4、的态的2.把把动词动词变成变成“”;3.主动语态中的主动语态中的变为介词变为介词的的三、主动变被动的方法三、主动变被动的方法即：即：宾变主宾变主,谓变被谓变被.主变宾，前加主变宾，前加by.当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。主动语态的宾语分：1、单宾、单宾 2、双宾、双宾 3、复合宾语、复合宾语 4、宾语从句、宾语从句.People speak English almost all over the world.世界各地都有人讲英语。世界各地都有人讲英语。English is sp

5、oken almost all over the world.1 1含有单宾语的主动句的转换含有单宾语的主动句的转换：单宾单宾：Shedoesherhomeworkatschool.Herhomeworkisdone(byher)atschool.(by短语常省略)WheredopeoplegrowcottoninChina?WhereiscottongrowninChina?2.2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换含有双宾语的主动句的转换I gave the book to Mr.Smith yesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。The book was giv

6、en to Mr.Smith yesterday(by me).Mr.Smith was given a book yesterday(by me).2、双宾（举例）双宾（举例）-Abookwasgiventohim(byme)yesterday.Igavehimabookyesterday.-Hewasgivenabook(byme)yesterday.MrChengteachesusmaththisterm.Wemaththisterm.Mysisterboughtmeajacketlastweek.Ajacketmelastweek are taughtwas bought for双宾双

7、宾带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把一般把“人人”提前。若将提前。若将“物物”提前则要提前则要在在“人人”的前面加的前面加to或或for.如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for（“make,draw,sing,choose,buy,keep”用用for,其他动词用其他动词用to）.1)带to不定式作宾语补足语的ask/tell/allow/encourage/promiask/tell/allow/encourage/promisesesb.to do sth.sb.to do sth.结构结构：are encouraged3.复合宾语复

8、合宾语They encourage us to plant more trees.We to plant more trees.People should allow teenagers to choose their own clothes.Teenagers to choose their own clothes.should be allowed2)不带不带to不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语不定式作宾语补足语的复合宾语主动语态中的感官使役动词（一感、二听、三使，四看）后面省略to的不定式，在改为被动语态时，一定要补上to.口诀：这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来.(fee

9、l,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch,notice)I heard him sing in the next room.-He sing in the next room.They made us do all kinds of work.-We do all kinds of work.I saw her enter the library.-She enter the library.was heard towere made towas seen toThey take good care of the baby.The bab

10、y is taken good care of by them.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。People believe that he is an honest boy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy is believed to be an honest one.2)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。1)用先行的用先行的it

11、作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；主语从句；4.当主动句的宾语是当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。可转换为两种形式的被动句。4、宾语从句宾语从句 TheysayMrMarkwillcometoChinasoon.ItssaidthatMrMarkwillcometoChinasoon.据说MrMark马上要到中国来 ItisreportedthatitrainedheavilyinthesouthofChina.据报道 Itsthought/believedthat据认为 Itssuggestedthat有

12、人建议 Itswellknownthat众所周知 Itshopedthat人们希望。四、主动语态表被动意义：四、主动语态表被动意义：1.表示主语状态特征的连系动词表示主语状态特征的连系动词+形容词、形容词、名词构成系表结构：名词构成系表结构：look,sound，feel,smell,taste,seem,appear，turn,stay,become,get,grow,keep等等。Your idea sounds reasonable.The dish tastes delicious.2.表示表示“开始开始”；“结束结束”“运运动动”类的动词。常见的这类动词类的动词。常见的这类动词有有b

13、egin,start,open,close,shut,end,finish,stop,run,move等。等。例如：例如：School begins in September.The stores open later at weekends than at weekdays.3.主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,lock,shut,run,dry,drink等。这些动词常等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：与副词或否定词连用。例如：The ma

14、chine runs well.This pen writes quite smoothly.The books sells well.4.4.动名词主动形式表示被动意义动名词主动形式表示被动意义 1.)在在need,require,want(需要需要)等动词后，表等动词后，表示某物示某物(人人)要进行要进行处理时，后接动名词处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：当于不定式的被动式。例如：Youve come just in time to help us.Fine,what requires doing?(=F

15、ine,what requires to be done?)This sentence needs _.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improvedC2.)be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。His suggestion is not worth considering.5.5.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 )不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑 上的主谓关系时。例如：上的主谓关系时。例如：The next train to

16、 arrive was from New York.,且和句子的且和句子的主语主语(或宾语或宾语)构成动宾关系时构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,The fish is not fit _(eat)We find English is hard _(learn)The article is difficult _(understand).to eatto learnto understand,与被修饰的名词构成动与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系宾关系,

17、又和该句主语又和该句主语(或宾语或宾语)构成主谓关系时构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。I have a lot of homework _(do)Ill give him some books _(read)to doto read五、没有被动语态的动词和词组五、没有被动语态的动词和词组(1)1、有些、有些“静态静态”动词不能用于被动语态动词不能用于被动语态。（have,cost,last,own,suit,hold,fit,belongto,agreewith等）Thetravellasted3weeks.这次旅行持续了三个星期。TheMP3costs500yuan.Th

18、isdictionarybelongstoMike.2、有些不及物动词及短语、有些不及物动词及短语（appear,happen,take place,break out,die,belong to,agree with,keep up with,make a face等等The war broke out in 1932.3.动词leave,enter,reach等，其宾语是表示处所、地点等1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power s

19、tation()_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD5.Bike mustnt _everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woma

20、n fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care of C.must take good care of D.must be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risen B

21、.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.Asked B.will be asked C.closed;closes D.closes;is closed11.This bike is made in America.Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDD Exercis

22、e Windows_ of glass.A.be made B.is made C.are made D.been made2.The house_ in 2004.A.is built B.is building C.was built D.used3.A coat can_ for keeping warm.A.be used B.is used C.been used D.usedCCA4.Watches_ Shanghai last long.A.are made in B.is made C.are made from D.made5.This desk is made _ wood.A.of B.from C.in D.by6.The things on show were _ the old days.A.used B.used to C.used for D.used in7.Silk _ in Suzhou and Hangzhou.A.is produced B.are produced C.produced D.is produces AADA