2021年中考英语语法非谓语专题3 现在分词和过去分词 ppt课件.pptx

1、中考中考非谓语之分词非谓语之分词分词：分词：Participles一、分词的概述一、分词的概述1.分词是分词是“非谓语动词非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有的另一种形式，它有两种形式：两种形式：现在分词现在分词和和过去分词过去分词。分词具有形分词具有形容词词性，所以分词具有容词词性，所以分词具有形容词的功能特征形容词的功能特征。2.现在分词：现在分词：doing/not doing 过去分词：过去分词：done/not done 二、分词的特点二、分词的特点现在分词表主动或进行现在分词表主动或进行 1.Do you know the woman talking to Tom?2.Dont wake

2、 up the sleeping boy.3.China is a developing country.4.The boy standing under the tree is my brother.过去分词表被动或完成过去分词表被动或完成 1.The boy named Bob is my brother.2.He drank some boiled water quickly.3.The USA is a developed country.4.Fired food is not healthy.二、分词的特点二、分词的特点三三.现在现在/过去分词的功能过去分词的功能 现在现在/过去分词

3、具有过去分词具有形容词形容词的特征，可的特征，可充当充当表语、定语、宾语补足语表语、定语、宾语补足语和和状语状语。1.I am excited.2.The book written by Luxun is popular.3.The result of the game made me disappointed.4.Being ill,he didnt go to school.1.分词作表语分词作表语1)The movie is _(interest).2)What you said is _(disappoint).3)I was _(interest)in the movie.4)I a

4、m _(excite)about the game.ed常用来修饰人常用来修饰人ing常用来修饰事物常用来修饰事物disappointinginterestinginterestedexciteddisappoint v.使某人感到失望使某人感到失望他的答案让我很失望。他的答案让我很失望。His answer disappoints me.I am disappointed at his answer.disappoint,surprise,excite,interest,amaze(使惊奇使惊奇)，frighten(使害怕使害怕)，encourage(鼓励鼓励),fascinate(使着迷使

5、着迷)等，常用等，常用来描述人的情绪，心情。来描述人的情绪，心情。1.What he said was very _(encourage).2.The little boy felt very _(disappoint)3.I am _(fascinate)by the novel.4.The snake is _(frighten),so no one dare to get close.encouragingdisappointedfascinatedfrightening2.分词作定语分词作定语1.Dont wake up the sleeping boy.Dont wake up th

6、e boy who _.2.The working man is my father.The man who _ is my father3.The boy playing football likes sports.The boy who _ likes sports.4.I know the girls reading books.I know the little girl who _.is sleepingis working is playing footballare reading books现在分词作定语时，通常表现在分词作定语时，通常表主动主动或或进行进行1.Dont wak

7、e up the sleeping boy.如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前,作作前置定语前置定语。4.I know the girls reading books.如果是现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词如果是现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词之后，作之后，作后置定语后置定语。1.There are some fallen leaves.There are some leaves that _.2.He eats some cooked food.He eats some food that _.3.I fetched the bike rep

8、aired by Tom.I fetched the bike that _.4.I read a letter written in English.I read a letter that _.was repaired by Tomhave fallenhas been cookedwas written in English过去分词作定语时，通常表过去分词作定语时，通常表完成完成或或被动被动。2.He eats some cooked food.如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前如果是单个分词作定语，放在所修饰名词之前，作作前置定语前置定语。4.I read a letter wr

9、itten in English.如果是过去分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词如果是过去分词短语作定语则放在所修饰名词之后，作之后，作后置定语后置定语。1.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_ forhomebuildings.A.designing B.designC.designed D.todesign2.Theteachercameintotheclassroom _ byhisstudents.A.following B.tobefollowingC.followed D.havingfollowed.CC3.Withwinter _ on,itstimetob

10、uywarmclothes.A.cameB.comes C.comeD.coming 4.The_pricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.A.reduce B.reducingC.reduced D.reducesDB5.People _ inthecitydonotknowthepleasureofcountrylife.A.liveB.tolive C.livedD.living6.Thegroundis_with_leaves.A.covering,falling B.covered,fallingC.covered,fallenD.covering,

11、fallenDC7.The_(steal)carwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.8.Thebook_(一本农民一本农民写的书写的书)isverypopular.9.Thescientists_(在这儿工作在这儿工作的的)arewellpaid.10.TellMarythattheressomeone_(wait)for heratthedoor.stolenwritten by a farmerworking herewaiting3.分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语1.Listen！Do you hear someone _ for help.2.When I pas

12、sed by the classroom,I saw Tom _(play)with his classmates.3.I will have my glasses _(repair).4.He could not make her words _(understand)by the students.playingcallingrepairedunderstood1.Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help.现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的执现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的执行者，宾语和宾补是行者，宾语和宾补是主动关系主动关系。3.I

13、 will have my glasses repaired.过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的承过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的承受者，宾语和宾补时受者，宾语和宾补时被动关系被动关系。1.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitching.A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked2.I saw a book _ on the floor.A.lie 2.lying 3.to lie 4.laid BB3.Hehadhisleg_ inthefootballmatchye

14、sterdayA.hurt B.to hurt C.burting D.hurted4.Tom was heard _ an English song when I was phoning his brother.A.sing B.to sing C.sung D.singingAD5.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_(burn)allnight.6.I always get my bike _(wash).7.They try their best to get us _(interest)in this idea.8.WhenIenteredthetheatr

15、e,Isawhim _ inthefirstrow(sit)burningwashedinterestedsitting4.分词作状语分词作状语1.When I was walking along the street,I saw a lot of funny things.Walking along the street，I saw a lot of funny things.2.Because he was ill,he went to the hospital.Being ill，he went to the hospital yesterday.主从句主语一致，且主语是动作的主从句主语

16、一致，且主语是动作的发出者发出者，表表主动主动。1.Tom worked late into the night,_(prepare)a long speech for the president.Tom worked late into the night,because he prepared a long speech for the president.2._(recieve)his answer,she sent the second letter.When he recieved his answer,she sent the second letter.Recievingprep

17、aring1.If I am given more time,I will do it better.Given more time,Ill do it better.2.Since it was destroyed during te war,the city has been completely rebuilt.Destroyed during the war,the city has been completely rebuilt.主从句主语一致，但主语是动作的主从句主语一致，但主语是动作的接受者接受者，表表被动被动。1._(train)properly,the dog will ma

18、ke a good watch dog.If it is trained properly,the dog will make a good watch dog.2._(catch)by the police,he was stealing a car.When the thief was caught by the police,he was stealing a car.TrainedCaught 现在分词表主动或进行现在分词表主动或进行过去分词表被动或完成过去分词表被动或完成1.分词作表语，找主语分词作表语，找主语2.分词作定语，找名词或代词分词作定语，找名词或代词3.分词作宾补，找宾语

19、分词作宾补，找宾语4.分词作状语，找主句分词作状语，找主句主语主语 表语表语宾语宾语宾补宾补定语定语状语状语动名词动名词不定式不定式分词分词非谓语动词之间的不同非谓语动词之间的不同1、非谓语动词作表语的区别、非谓语动词作表语的区别动名词和动词不定式作表语，具有动名词和动词不定式作表语，具有名词名词的词性的词性，表示主语是，表示主语是什么什么。The first thing is to open the book.My favourite sport is riding bikes.分词作表语，具有分词作表语，具有形容词形容词的词性，表示主语的词性，表示主语怎怎么样么样。The film was

20、 so boring that I felt sleepy.2、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别动词不定式作宾补，表示宾补动作发生在谓语动词不定式作宾补，表示宾补动作发生在谓语动动词之后词之后。He told me to clean the classroom.现在分词作宾补，表示宾补动作和谓语现在分词作宾补，表示宾补动作和谓语同时发生同时发生，且与宾语之间为，且与宾语之间为主动主动。I saw the boy crying.过去分词作宾补，表示宾语和宾补之间为过去分词作宾补，表示宾语和宾补之间为被动被动。I had my bike washed.3、非谓语动词作定语

21、的区别、非谓语动词作定语的区别动名词做定语，无动名词做定语，无主被动关系主被动关系，只说明名词的，只说明名词的功能用途功能用途。shopping center meeting room动词不定式作定语，被修饰词虽然是不定式的动词不定式作定语，被修饰词虽然是不定式的宾语，但不用被动。宾语，但不用被动。We found a book to use.分词作定语，有分词作定语，有主被动，进行完成主被动，进行完成的区别。的区别。a broken car a raining day4、非谓语动词作状语的区别、非谓语动词作状语的区别动名词做状语，常与介词搭配。动名词做状语，常与介词搭配。Tom was pr

22、aised for helping others.动词不定式作状语，常表示目的，结果，原因。动词不定式作状语，常表示目的，结果，原因。In order to finish the work,he hardly sleeps.分词作状语，常表示时间，条件，伴随，方式，分词作状语，常表示时间，条件，伴随，方式，原因等。原因等。Being tired,he still keeps on working.很抱歉打扰了你。很抱歉打扰了你。动名词：动名词：I apologized for troubling you.不定式：不定式：I was sorry to trouble you.分词：分词：Because I troubled you,I apologized.Troubling you,I apologized.