2021年中考英语语法ppt课件主谓一致.ppt

1、主谓一致主谓一致AGREEMENTteacher Miss ZhangUseful structures语法详解：语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之之间间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。谓语动词对应的形式。The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises

2、:Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _(know)how to teach English.are knows/know主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或

3、者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况：情况：(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或事物的时人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同一个人或物一个人或物,或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候,谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。The singer and da

4、ncer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。isis2.如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式,动词动词ing形式或主语从句形式或主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _ his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱

5、好。To love her _ not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis3.定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。称和数保持一致。Those who_ singing may join us.Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.enjoyis4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,withou

6、t,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用语连用,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数随主语的变化而随主语的变化而变化变化。例如：。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。isMr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.isMr.Black with,together with,along witheither.or;neithe

7、r.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则二、就近原则Neither you nor I _ wrong.There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amisNot only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday.wishes三、概念一致原则三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所

8、谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而而是其是其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却但在意义上却是单数是单数。1.不定代词不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。ar

9、e isNone of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。is isNone None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单数看待，有时有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。须用单数。Neither of them _(know)how to

10、 teach English.None of them _(know)how to teach English.knows/know knows/know2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语谓语动词与动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _

11、bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体谓语动词用单数；指谓语动词用单数；指全体人全体人员员时时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,gr

12、oup。His family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 4.某些名词如某些名词如people,police,cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复谓语动词应用复数数。people指指“民族民族”时是例外。时是例外。The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare5.复合不定代词作主语复合

13、不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单单数数，如，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone_ asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis6.某些名词如某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等等,通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式,但但当它们被当它们被a pair

14、of 修饰时修饰时,谓语动词谓语动词用单数。如用单数。如:The shoes _ worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。The pair of shoes _ worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。areis名词如名词如trousers,pants,shorts,trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissorsglasses,scissors以及以及clothes,goodsclothes,goods等等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数修饰时，谓动用单数

15、。某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。Physics is a very interesting subject.8.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中and连接连接的单数名词的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman_ asked to attend.is班

16、级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.9.以以a number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数;以以the number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。A number of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.areis10.有些名词的单数和复

17、数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主作主语的时候语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means _ useful.不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _ useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数名词组成的短语与单数名词组成的短语,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。Many a boy _ seen

18、 it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用单数。单数。Thirty years _ not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.hasis1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书这种书),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;短语短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语口语)(这一类人这一类人),但但

19、this kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓语的谓语用复数用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓谓语用复数形式。例如：语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:This kind of men _ dangerous.Men of this kind _dangerous.2.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows _ a picture.is

20、arehangs3.“分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以构成的短语以及由及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词后面的名词的数保持一致的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如修饰语。例如:Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-f

21、ourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of+名词复数名词复数”。但是但是,“the number of+名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试。试比较：比较：wasisareA number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this

22、 book _ two hundred.haveis注意注意:a(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可修饰可数或不可数名词数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.isquantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短其短语作主语时语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.短语短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为意为

23、“大量大量”;in small quantities 意为意为“少少量量”。were4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用词通常用单数单数;large amounts of 修饰修饰不可数名词不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词通常用词通常用复数复数。例如。例如:A large amount of(A great deal of)damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent o

24、n the bridge.waswere5.表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后,名词要名词要用复数形式用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓谓语动词用单数形式。例如：语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is6.如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结构担任时结构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dea

25、d,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等等;但也有少数但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用则用单数。例如：单数。例如：The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就就要与名词要与名词man,person 或表示人的单数连或表示人的单数连用。例如用。例如:an old man,a rich

26、 person,the(a)wounded soldier.studywas主谓一致练习1.Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A.play B.are playingC.plays D.is playing2.Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A.are B.is C.were D.be3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book/his B.wa

27、nt to buy the book/theirC.will buy the book/ones D.wants to have the book bought/her4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand6.-Shall I wait here for thr

28、ee hours?-Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A.are not very long for you B.is not long enough for youC.was not long enough for you D.will be too long for you7.Every student and every teacher _.A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meetingC.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting8.This pair of shoes _.A.is her B.is hersC.are hers D.are her