2021年人教版中考语法复习代词之不定代词 ppt课件.pptx

1、不定代词 教学目标:掌握不定代词的用法一、不定代词不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。常用的不定代词有 one，some，any，all，none，both，either，neither，each，every，other，another，much，many，few，little 等。1.one（1）one 既可指人又可指物，泛指同类中的任何一个。复数形式是ones，反身代词是oneself，物主代词是ones。eg:I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.eg:One should no

2、t live for oneself alone.one代指任何一个玻璃杯one表示泛指，其反身代词是oneself 一个人不应只是为自己活着。我希望有足够多的玻璃杯，使每位客人可以有一个。（2）one用在较正式的英语中，意为任何人一个人，指说话者或听话者，或泛指包括说话者在内的人们。eg One should keep ones word.人应当信守诺言。eg:One should do what he must,even if he doesnt want to.一个人即使不愿意，也应该做他该做的一切。注意：one表示“任何人”“一个人”时，应注意以下两点：（1）one 没有复数形式（2）

3、one充当句子主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。（3）one 可以和the，this，that，these，those等词连用，表示特指的某（些）人或某（些）物，也可以用形容词来修饰。eg I dont like that cellphone,the one you just showed me.我不喜欢那部手机，就是刚才你给我看的那部。（4）one可指代不特定的人，表示人，一个人，人们。eg:One should do his best at all times.一个人无论何时都应尽最大努力。eg:One should take good care of himself.一个人应当照顾好自己

4、。注意：it，one与that 作代词时的区别易混词 用法例句it指代上文提 到的同一事物。The book is mine.Its very interesting.这本书是我的，它很有趣。one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。Who has a pen?谁有钢笔?I have one.我有一支。that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter.在冬天，北京的天气比广州的天气冷。1.Do you see my dictionary,Dad

5、?I cant find _.No,I dont.A.it B.one C.that D.the one2.We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose _ based on your own interests.A.either B.each C.one D.it3.The population of Henan Province is larger than _of any province in China.A.one B.it C.that D.the one4.The weather in summer h

6、ere is like _ in Beijing.A.this B.that C.it D.itsACCB5.Did you find your dictionary yesterday?No,I didnt find_,but Ive bought_.A.it;one B.one;one C.it;it D.one;it6.I havent a pen.Can you lend me_?A.these B.those C.them D.one7.Have you ever seen a snake alive?Yes,Ive seen _.A.that B.so C.one D.it ADC

7、2.some 与any（1）some 和any均表示一些，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some 一般用于肯定句子，any 多用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定答或表达请求、建议时应用some。如：There arent any students in the classroom.教室里没有学生。Look!Some boys are playing football.看，有一些男孩在踢足球。Would you like some coffee?你想要来点咖啡吗？Yes,please.好滴。（3）some和any作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于它们

8、所指代的名词的单复数形式。eg.You neednt buy ink.There is some left in the bottle.你不用买墨水，瓶子里还剩下一些。eg:He put a lot of apples in the box,but some have gone bad.他放了很多苹果在箱子里，但有一些已经坏了。指代ink，所以谓语动词用 is 指代 apples，所以谓语动词用 have 要点提升some/any of+名词结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数需要根据of后面的名词的单复数而定。eg:Some of the food has gone sour.有些食物馊了。（so

9、me of 后面的名词 food是不可数名词）eg:Some of the teachers agree to go there by bus.有些老师同意乘公交车去那儿。（some of后面的名词teachers是复数可数名词）（4）some可以修饰数词，意为大约;还可修饰单数可数名词，意为某个。eg:I need some five days to finish the work.我大约需要5天完成这项工作。eg:There must be some mistake.一定是出了某个差错。修饰数词 five修饰单数可数名词mistake 3.all,both（1）all和 both都意为都。

10、all指三者或三者以上的人或物;both则指两个人或物。都可以与 of搭配。eg:Almost all of the music was from Italian operas.几乎所有的音乐都选自意大利歌剧。eg:There were only two paintings for sale and he bought both.只有两幅画出售，他都买了。Tips:all/both 与not 连用表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的/两者都”。表示全部否定时分别用none，neither。（2）all，both作同位语时，位于实义动词之前，连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。eg:My parents

11、both like coffee very much.我父母都非常喜欢咖啡。（both放在实义动词 like之前）eg:Janes kids are both beautiful.简的两个孩子都很漂亮。（both放在系动词 be之后）eg You should all hand in your VIP cards.你们都应当交上贵宾卡。（放在情态动词 should之后，实义动词 hand之前）要点提升在简略答语中，all，both不能位于句末。eg Do you all agree to this plan?你们都同意这个计划吗?Yes，we all do.是的，我们都同意。4.each,ev

12、ery（1）each强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。它指代或修饰单数可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。eg Each boy has a dictionary.每个孩子都有一本词典。eg:Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt.我们都穿着黄色的T恤。（2）every相当于all，强调整体，只能作定语，其后不能跟of 短语。它修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eg Every boy has a toy car.所有的男孩都有玩具汽车。要点提升every与否定词not连用，表示部分否定。eg:Not every student likes the movie.

13、并非每个学生都喜欢这部电影。5.either 与 neithereither指两者中的“任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数单数，其后可接of短语。eg：You can come on Saturday or Sunday.Either is OK for me.你可以周六来，也可以周日来，对我来说哪天都可以。eg：We dont care much for what to eat.Either of the two will do.我们不是特别介意吃什么。两个之中随便哪个都行。构成搭配eitheror 表两者中任意一者。意为或者或者；不是就是。表示两者之一。当连接两个主语时，谓语遵循就近原则。

14、就近原则。eg:Either you or he is student.不是你是学生，就是他是学生。Either you or I am right.不是你对，就是我对。neither指两者“都不”，表示否定，作主语时谓语用单数单数，其后可接of短语。eg：We have red and yellow T-shirts.Which color do you like?我们有红色和黄色的T恤衫。你想要哪个颜色的?Oh,neither.I think blue will be OK.噢，两个我都不喜欢。我觉得蓝色的可以。Neither of them likes football.他们都不喜欢足球

15、。构成搭配neithernor 表示两者都否定（既不,也不），当连接两个主语时，谓语应遵循就近原则就近原则。例如：Neither I nor she is at home.我和她都不在家。Neither she nor I am at home.她和我都不在家。1.（2018 江苏昆山二模）Where would you like to have a picnic,near Yangcheng Lake or in Forest Park?_.You decide.I just want to relax myself in the beautiful nature.A.Either B.Ne

16、ither C.Both D.None2.（2017 天津 一模）There are three bedrooms in the house,_with its own shower.Thats what we really need.Ive got a few kids.A.eachB.eitherC.neitherD.none3.（2016 浙江 一模）I invited Li Lei and Wei Hua to go toa concert with me,but_of them came.A.neitherB.eitherC.bothD.allAAA6.none,no one(1)n

17、one表示三者或三者以上都不，指代人或物，既可指可数名词又可指不可数名词，可与of连用。none常用来回答由how many/much引导的特殊疑问句。eg:Peter tried on three jackets,but none of them fited him.彼得试了3件夹克衫，但都不合身。eg How many eggs are there in the fridge?冰箱里有多少鸡蛋?None.一个也没有。（2）no one表示没有一个人，仅用于指代单数可数名词。no one常用来回答由 who 引导的特殊疑问句。eg Who went to the museum?谁去了博物馆?

18、No one.没人去。重点提醒 none表示三者或三者以上都不，是表示全部否定的单词。与其对应的表示肯定含义的单词为all。如果表示部分否定，则用 all.not或者notall。none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，all作主语时，谓语动词的数由all后的名词决定。eg：Besides pandas,whatotheranimalsdoyoulike?除了熊猫，你还喜欢其他的什么动物？Otherseg：Doyouhaveanyotherquestion(s)?你还有其他问题吗？（1）other意为另外的，只能作定语，常与复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。7.区别other、the oth

19、er、others、the others、anotherThe old man has two sons.One is a teacher,the other is a policeman.这个老人有两个孩子，一个是老师，一个是警察。Two sons.2）the other 意为两者中的另一个，常与one 连用，构成 one.the other.结构。We have plenty of beautiful flowers.Some are red.Others are yellow.我们有许多漂亮的花。有些是红色的，有些是黄色的。（3）others泛指别的人或物，相当于other+复数可数名词

20、，常构成some.others.结构。Therearesomestudentsontheplayground.Someareplayingbasketball,andothersareplayingfootball.操场上有一些学生。一些在打篮球，另一些在踢足球。Three oranges are lying on the ground.The others are in the cask.三个橘子在地上，其他的（剩下的全部）都在桶里。（4）the others 特指其余所有的人或物，相当于the other+复数可数名词。Thereare four coins.One is mine,the

21、 others are for you.这有四个硬币，一个是我的，剩下（剩下全部）的是给你的。我的我的你的你的I have already had three hamburgers.Could I have another one?我已经吃了三个汉堡了，我可以再吃一个吗？（5）another表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个，一般修饰或代替单数可数名词。常用于another+数词+复数可数名词结构，相当于数词+more/other+复数可数名词，表示在原有的基础上需要更多数量的东西（人）。To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered a

22、nother.为了不让自己睡着，他喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯。不定代词不定代词意义意义用法说明用法说明other另外的另外的只作定语只作定语,常与复数名词连用常与复数名词连用;但如果前面有但如果前面有 the、some、any、each、every、no、my、your、his等等,则可与单数名词连用则可与单数名词连用the other两者中的两者中的另一个另一个常与常与one连用，构成连用，构成“one.,the other”；作定语修饰复数名词；作定语修饰复数名词时，表时，表 示示“其余的全部其余的全部”others另一些另一些泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，后不可直接加名词，泛指

23、别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，后不可直接加名词，可以构成可以构成some.others结构结构,相当于相当于other+复数名词复数名词the others其余的其余的特指其余所有的人或物特指其余所有的人或物another另一个另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作限定词或代词指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作限定词或代词题组训练用适当的不定代词填空Lucy,Lily and Mike_went to see the film yesterday.Tom and his father are_at work now._of the two answers is right.Pleas

24、e try again.Some students like pop music _like like country music.I want some_books besides this dictionary.Would you like_（一些）apples?Yes,please.allbothNeitherothersothersome1.Theres no _ way to do it.A.other B.the other C.another D others2.Some people like to rest in their free time._ like to trave

25、l.A.Other B.The others C.Others D.Another3.This cake is delicious!Can I have_ piece,please?A.other B.another C.others D.the other4.Where are _ boys?A.the other B.the others C.others D.another ACBA5.There were three books on my table.One is here.Where are _?A.others B.the others C.the other D.another

26、6.Did all the students in your class pass the test?Some of them did._ didnt.A.Another B.The others C.Some other D.Others 7.Would you like _ apples?_,please.A.some more;Another two B.any more;Two more C.another;two more D.some more;Other BDA8.Tom,you should know how to get on well with _.A.another B.

27、others C.the other D.other 9.He has two sons.One is a doctor,_is a student.He is now studying at _ University.A.another;a B.the other;an C.the other;a D.another;an 10.This is not the only answer to the question.There are _.A.the others B.others C.another D.the other11.Please give me _ chance.A.other

28、 B.the other C.another D.the othersBCBC8.many,much,(a)few,(a)litle代代 词词用用 法法many修饰或指代复数可数名词。much修饰或指代不可数名词。a few（肯定）few（否定）修饰或指代复数可数名词。a little（肯定）little（否定）修饰或指代不可数名词。eg:Many of our workers are women.我们的许多工人是女人。eg:You have a lot of free time,but I dont have much.你有许多空闲时间，可我没有。eg:You should go to be

29、d early for a few nights and you should exercise to stay healthy.你应该早睡几个晚上，并且多锻炼以保持身体健康。eg:There is little news about this movie star in the newspaper.报纸上关于这位电影明星的新闻很少。其后省略了不可数名词free time 要点提升many，much，a few，a little表示肯定含义，few，little组成的句子在形式上是肯定的，但是在语法上属于否定句，表示否定含义。eg:But they have a few small diffe

30、rences,too.但是他们也还是有些细微差别。（表示有区别）eg:We have few differences.我们几乎没有不同。（表示没有区别）some-any-every-no-人人物someonenothingsomethinganythingeverything9.复合不定代词：由some，any，no，every加上-one，-body，-thing等构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。everyoneno onesomebodyeverybodynobodyanyoneanybody（1）复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。eg:I got this bicycle

31、for nothing.My friend gave it to me when she bought a newone.这辆自行车我没花钱。我朋友买了辆新的，就把这辆给我了。（2）some-类复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，表示某人/物。也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中。eg:Somebody seemed to have called on me in my absence.我不在时，好像有人来找过我。eg:You dont have a drink.Can I get you something?你没有喝的东西了。需要我给你拿一些来吗?（3）any-类复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句

32、或条件句中，表示某人/物。也可用于肯定句中，表示任何人/物。eg Is there anything I can do for you?我能帮你做点什么吗?eg:You can ask anyone for help.Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。（4）every-类复合不定代词表示所有人/物。与否定词连用表示部分否定。eg:Everybody knows their jobs,dont they?每个人都知道他们的工作，不是吗?不定代词的用法不定代词的用法1.（2018 福建）I tr

33、ied many ways to solve the problem,but_of them worked.Never give up.Youll surely make it.A.allB.noneC.neither 2.（2018 吉林）Which club do you want to join,the chess club or the swimming club?_.I want to join the basketball club.A.Neither B.Both C.A113.（2018 吉林长春）Dumplings are very delicious._of my pare

34、nts like them.A.All B.Both C.None D.NeitherBAB4.（2018 安徽）The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today.Really?Lets go and buy_for our new kitchen.A.one B.itC.theD.them5.（2018 江苏苏州）A robot show will be held in July,but_knows the date for sure.A.nobody B.everybody C.anybody D.somebody6.（2018 湖南长沙）H

35、ow many apples can I have?You can have two._are for Jim.A.The othersB.OthersC.The otherAAA7.(2018 成都)A smile costs_,but gives much,so always keep smiling!A.something B.anythingC.nothing 8.（2018 黄冈）Did Qingdao show _ to the world during the SCO Summit.（上海合作组织峰会)Sure!Her beauty,high technology and rap

36、id development.A.something special B.anything special C.special something D.special anything9.（2018上海）Mike has two cousins.One is quiet,and_is noisy.A.another B.the other C.otherD.othersCBB10.I have two soccer ball.What about you?Oh,I dont have_.A.some B.no C.any D.much 11.Our teacher was very happy

37、 because_failed the examination.A.somebody B.nobodyC.anybody D.everybody12.What would you like to drink?Im very thirsty._you can get.Just get it now.A.Anything B.Something C.Nothing D.Other things CBA13.The skirt looks nice on you.Where did you buy _.A.it B.one C.that14.At present，children mean_to most parents in China.A.everything B.nothingC.anything D.something15.Do you have toys?Id like to buy_for my cousin.A.itB.oneC.thisD.thatAAB