2021年牛津译林版中考英语语法ppt课件— 句子成分和基本句型.ppt

1、句子成分 主语主语 subject 谓语谓语 predicate 宾语宾语 object 表语表语 predicative 宾补宾补 complement 定语定语 attribute 状语状语 adverbial 同位语同位语 appositive1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语动宾动宾介宾介宾 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾

2、语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes _ to the nest-shaped stadium.花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。leading定语定语 He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are 54 students in our c

3、lass.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)主语补足语：主语补足语：宾语补足语：宾语补足语：主语补足语主语补足语宾语补足语宾语补足语你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。Your fri

4、end comes to school very upset.I want this diary itself to be my friend.P 77句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。单句用连词连接而成。如：如：and,but,or,so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes

5、 drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。句子成分练习题句子成分练习题 指出下列句中主语指出下列句中主语 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays h

6、omework without the teachers help is very difficult.挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how a

7、bout you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.You will find it useful after you leave school.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tire

8、d.Why is he worried about Jim?The leaves have turned yellow.Soon They all became interested in the subject.She was the first to learn about it.挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr./Mrs.with the family name.What is your given name?On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.I am afraid some people forgot to s

9、weep the floor.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw M

10、r.Wang get on the bus.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.With the medicine box under

11、her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us hist

12、ory next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.五大基本句型五大基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一一:(主谓主谓)谓语谓语:不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语没有宾语,形成主谓结构。形成主谓结构。如如:We come.(不及物动词不及物动词)1.The sun rose.2.Who cares?3.What he said does not matter.4.They talked for half an hour.5.The pe

13、n writes smoothly基本句型二：基本句型二：(是系动词是系动词)(表语表语)1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner smells good.3.He fell in love.4.Everything looks different.5.He is growing tall and strong.6.Our well has gone dry.7.His face turned red.基本句型基本句型 三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)此句型的此句型的特点特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须必须跟有一个

14、宾语跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。(及物动词及物动词)(宾语宾语)1.Who knows the answer?2.He has refused to help them.3.He enjoys reading.4.He said“Good morning.”5.He admits that he was mistaken.(及物及物)(多指人多指人)(多指物多指物)She ordered herself a new dress.2.He brought you a dictionary.3.I showed him my pictures.4.I

15、 told him that the bus was late.5.He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型基本句型 五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)此句型的此句型的特点特点是是:动词虽然是及物动词动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作可以用作宾语补足语的有名词宾语补足语的有名词,形容词形容词,不定式不定式,动名

16、词动名词,分词分词,介词短语等。介词短语等。The war made him a soldier.New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词(及物及物)(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)1.They painted the door green.3.They found the house deser

17、ted.4.He asked me to come back soon.5.I saw them getting on the bus.1.We have four seasons.S+V+O2.They are quite different.S+V+P3.Spring is warm and sunny.S+V+P4.We fly kites.S+V+O5.We like summer.S+V+O6.Ice cream tastes nice.S+V+P7.Autumn arrives.S+V8.Snow falls.S+V She laughed.2.He bought a T-shir

18、t.3.Jay named his dog Bobby.4.She looks lovely.5.He gave Mary a present.(S+V)(S+V+DO)(S+V+DO+OC)(S+V+P)(S+V+IO+DO)Describe the main structures of the following sentences.6.The teacher is marking the tests.7.They thought John the best actor.8.I find the article interesting.(S+V+DO)(S+V+DO+OC)(S+V+DO+OC)