2023年中考英语专项复习之介词ppt课件.pptx

1、-介词介词是一种虚词，它不能单独担任句子成分，必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句构成介词短语，才能担任句子成分。介词种类1.时间介词2.方位介词3.方式介词4.涉及介词5.其他介词 时间介词一、in/on/at辨析in 2000 在2000年 in May在五月 in winter在冬天 in the morning在早上on Monday 在星期一 on the morning of May 4th在五月四日的早上 on October 1st在十月一日on a rainy evening在一个下雨的夜晚at nine 在九点钟 at noon在正午 at night在半夜练

2、 习1.We usually have a flag-raising ceremony Monday.(2021重庆B）A.at B.on C.in D./时间介词二、for/since辨析for和since引导时间状语从句都有延续之意，用于现在完成时例子They have lived in China for ten years.She has worked here since the spring of 2018.时间介词三、before/after辨析（二者皆可作为介词和连词）Wash hands before meals.(介词）饭前请洗手。He will call me befor

3、e he leaves here.(连词）他离开这儿之前会给你打电话。Lets go shopping after working.（介词）下班后去购物吧。Please close the door after you leave the room.(连词）离开房间请关门。时间介词四、by/until/till辨析How many books had you read by the end of last year?到去年为止你读过多少本书？by the end of 在.底（之前）by then到那时 by the time+从句 在.之前I didnt go to bed until my

4、 father came back.直到我父亲回来我才去睡觉。not.until/till直到.才We will wait for him until he comes here.我们将会一直等到他来。时间介词四、by/until/till辨析 时间介词五、in/after/within辨析He will be back two hours later.两小时后他将会回来。He came back after two hours.两小时后他回来。Hell be back after two oclock.他两点钟后会回来。I must finish the work within two ho

5、urs.我必须在两个小时内完成这个工作。in+时间段用How soon提问after+时间段用When提问练 习My dad will fly to New York in three days.(（对划线部分提问）will your dad fly to New York？How soon 时间介词六、其他时间介词的用法We had a good time during the summer holiday.在暑假期间我们玩得很开心。表示“从.开始”时，一般都是用词组“from.to.”,而单纯表示确切的”从几点开始“时用at。The meeting will last from 8 to1

6、0.会议将从八点持续到十点。练 习1.I often saw him play basketball the summer holiday.A.from B.during C.before D.after 一、in/on/at辨析in Beijing 在北京 in the world 在世界上 in the house在房子里 in China在中国at school上学 at home在家 at the bus stop在公共汽车站on the desk在桌子上面 on the map在地图上二、on/above/over辨析on the screen在屏幕上面 on the table在桌

7、子上面The plane flew above the cloud.飞机在云端上飞行。There is a UFO over the city.城市上空有一个不明飞行物。三、in/on/to辨析Shandong lies in the east of China.山东位于中国的东部。Chongqing lies on the south of Sichuan Province.重庆位于四川南部。Janpan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东部。四、across/through/past/over辨析across表面穿过through内部穿过past旁边过over

8、越过I often SWim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。The train is going through a huge mountain.火车正在通过大山。Every day he walks past the supermarket.每天他都要从超市旁边过。The bird is flying over the tree.鸟儿正从树上飞过。五、between/among辨析六、in front of/in the front of辨析 between：在两者之间 （between.and）Li Ming sits between Jane and Maria.

9、李明坐在简和玛利亚中间。among：在.之间;三者及以上 He is the tallest among boys in Class Six.在六班的男孩子中，他最高。in front of：在.前面 （外部）There is a dog in front of our car.我们的车前面有一只狗。（挡在前面）in the front of：在.前面 （内部）Li Ming sits in the front of the classroom.李明坐在教室靠前的位置。七、up/down辨析八、to/from辨析 to：到达.地方They went to Shanghai.他们到北京去了。fr

10、om：从.地点起 Maria is from Cuba.玛利亚来自于古巴。向上向下stand up 起立sit down坐下from.to.从.到.九、in/into/out of/on/on to辨析 in：在.之内；静止的位置The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。into：到.,有特定终点的运动方向，常跟在go/run/come/walk等词后The students ran into the dining hall.学生们冲进了食堂。She walked into a store。她走进了一家便利店。out of：从.到外面；离开，有特定终点

11、的运动方向At las,they got out of danger.最终，他们脱离了危险。After class,students run out of the classroom.课后，学生们冲出教室。on：在.上面；静止状态There are two eggs on the desk.桌子上有两个鸡蛋。onto：到.上面；运动状态I ran out onto the playground.我跑到了操场上。十、其他方位介词 under：在.下面 under the table在桌子下面。below：在.下方（不一定正下方）There are many toys below the desk

12、.桌子下面有很多玩具。near：近的；不远的 not far；是far的反义词 There is a hospital near the bus station.公交站不远处有一个医院。by：在.旁边 比near近 by the window在窗户旁边 by him在他旁边.along：沿着 I like walking along the river.Its so pleasant.我喜欢沿着河边走，很惬意。around：围绕；在.周围 We sit around the table and have a game.我们围坐在桌子旁玩游戏。behind：在.后；与in front of是反义

13、词 There is a small pool behind my house.我家后面有一个小池塘。opposite：在.对面 The museum is opposite a library.博物馆在一个图书馆对面。一、with/by/in/on辨析：表工具，方式；材料 with：用某种工具或方法 Lily cut the line with a knife.in：用某种材料；语言；衣着；声调 She wrote a letter in black ink.Can you speak in Chinese?She often talks with us in a low voice.on：

14、通过；使用；借助于 on TV在电视上 on the Internet在互联网上 on foot步行的方式by：通过.方式；以.方法；以.交通工具 I improve my English by listening English songs.She goes to work by bus.by plane except：“除了.之外”不包含在内 Everyone went for a picnic last Sunday except Tom.除了汤姆，每个人上周日都去野炊的。besides：“除了.之外还有”包含在内 Besides Chinese,he can say many othe

15、r languages.除了中文，他还会许多其他语言。but：“除了.”常与不定代词nothing/nobody等连用I had nothing to do but sleep.我除了睡觉无事可做。not.but不是而是I am not a child but a adult.我不是小孩子而是一名成年人了。练 习1.She is great.working,she also takes good care of hergrandma.A.Besieds B.But C.And D.Exceptfor：表目的和原因-”为；给；替I study for a better life.She work

16、s hard for money.like：像.一样The moon tonight looks like a plate.今晚的月亮看起来像一个盘子against：反对（与for为反义词）；靠着 Looking,Tom is fighting against Jack.看，汤姆在和杰克打架。Lie against the wall,please.请靠墙站着。beyond：超过The end of the story is beyond my imagination.as：作为As a student,I should listen to the teacher carefully.He is

17、 famous as a actor.including：包括I have finished my homework,including math.about：关于；This is a story about my grandpa.without：没有，with的反义词Fish cant live without water.of：（属于）.的，This is a photo of my family.这是一张我家族的照片介词后面的动词一律要用doing形式练一练1.My mother often goes to work bus,but I went to school foot.2.How

18、 long have you worked a doctor.3.My parents arrived in Sichuan a cold night.4.the age of nine,I could dance ballet.5.I wont come back July.6.Look,there are some birds the tree and some red apples the tree.7.On Teachers Day,I bought some flowers my teachers.8.The train is leaving for Beijing 9:45.用合适

19、的介词填空byonasonAtuntilinonforat1.Fathers Day comes June every year.（重庆2022b）A.in B.on C.at D.to2.The Tianwen-1 Probe landed Mars May 15th,2021.（重庆2021A）A.at B.in C.to D.on3.Amy wants to be a good learner practicing more.（抚顺2022）A.by B.for C.on D.with4.You can only achieve success hard work.(长沙2022)A.across B.above C.through D.into5.-How are you going to Shanghai，Harry？-plane.(柳州2022）A.Of B.In C.By练一练单项选择