2023年中考英语语法-特殊句式ppt课件.pptx

1、初中英语语法初中英语语法第十五章第十五章特殊句式特殊句式特殊句式【思考】什么是【思考】什么是特殊句式特殊句式？特殊句式主要指虚拟语气、强调句、倒装句、省略句等。一、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气 英语中英语中,人们常常用不同的动词形式来表达自己不同的看法和态度。这种人们常常用不同的动词形式来表达自己不同的看法和态度。这种动词动词形式就叫作动词的语气。形式就叫作动词的语气。英语动词有英语动词有陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气祈使语气和虚拟语气三种形式。三种形式。虚拟语虚拟语气气表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等,它所表示它所表示的含义不是客观的

2、含义不是客观存在存在的事实的事实初中阶段主要学习到的是初中阶段主要学习到的是非真实条件句虚拟语气非真实条件句虚拟语气。非真实条件句虚拟语气针。非真实条件句虚拟语气针不同的情况，主、从句谓语动词都有不同的固定的形式。不同的情况，主、从句谓语动词都有不同的固定的形式。一、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气（1 1）与现在事实相反）与现在事实相反从句谓语：动词过去式从句谓语：动词过去式(连系动词连系动词 be be多用多用were)were)主句谓语：主句谓语：would/should/could/mightwould/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形IfIf I wereI were yo

3、u you，Id takeId take an umbrella.an umbrella.如果我是你如果我是你,我会带把伞。我会带把伞。(与现在事实相反与现在事实相反,事实事实:我不可能是你我不可能是你)一、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气（2 2）与过去事实相反）与过去事实相反从句谓语：从句谓语：had+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词主语谓语：主语谓语：would/should/could/mightwould/should/could/might have+have+动词过去分词动词过去分词If you had workedIf you had worked hard,hard,you wouldn

4、t have failedyou wouldnt have failed the exam the exam 如果你早用功如果你早用功,你就不至于考试不及格了。你就不至于考试不及格了。(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反,事实事实:没用功没用功)一、虚拟语气一、虚拟语气（3)3)与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句谓语：从句谓语：动词过去式动词过去式(连系动词连系动词bebe多用多用were)were)should+should+动词原形动词原形 were to+were to+动词原形动词原形主句谓语：主句谓语：would/should/could mightwould/should/could mi

5、ght+动词原形动词原形I If it were to rainf it were to rain tomorrow,tomorrow,our picnic would be put offour picnic would be put off.如果明天下雨如果明天下雨,我们的野餐就推迟。我们的野餐就推迟。(与将来事实相反与将来事实相反,事实事实:根据推测根据推测,明天下雨的可能性很小或不会下雨明天下雨的可能性很小或不会下雨)二、强调句二、强调句 所谓强调所谓强调,就是通过语音、语调、词汇、语法、修辞、标点符号、字体变就是通过语音、语调、词汇、语法、修辞、标点符号、字体变化等手段来突出重要的内

6、容化等手段来突出重要的内容,使说话人的思想更好地被理解。初中阶段常见使说话人的思想更好地被理解。初中阶段常见的的强调方式强调方式:1.1.用词汇强调用词汇强调2.2.用句式强调用句式强调二、强调句二、强调句1.1.用词汇进行强调用词汇进行强调（1 1）用用“助动词助动词 do/does/did+do/does/did+动词原形动词原形”来表示强调来表示强调Jack Jack doesdoes know the street well.know the street well.杰克杰克的确的确很熟悉这条街道很熟悉这条街道Mary Mary diddid go to the party yeste

7、rday.go to the party yesterday.玛丽昨天玛丽昨天确实确实去参加了那场聚会去参加了那场聚会.DoDo write to me when you get there.write to me when you get there.你到那儿后你到那儿后务必务必给我写信给我写信二、强调句二、强调句1.1.用词汇进行强调用词汇进行强调（2 2）用用veryvery、only,singleonly,single，such such 等修饰名词或形容词来进行强调等修饰名词或形容词来进行强调Thats the Thats the veryvery pen Peter used ju

8、st now.pen Peter used just now.那那正是正是彼得刚才用过的钢笔彼得刚才用过的钢笔You are the You are the onlyonly student in your class who can speak Chinese student in your class who can speak Chinese 你是你班里你是你班里唯一唯一会讲汉语的学生。会讲汉语的学生。二、强调句二、强调句1.1.用词汇进行强调用词汇进行强调（3 3）用用everever、nevernever、veryvery、justjust、badlybadly、highlyhigh

9、ly、really really 等副词来进行等副词来进行强调强调Youve got to be Youve got to be veryvery，veryvery careful.careful.你一定要你一定要非常非常非常非常小心小心ThisThis isis justjust what hewhat he wanted.wanted.这这正是正是他想要的他想要的Tom wasTom was badly badly wounded.wounded.汤姆伤得汤姆伤得很严重很严重I I reallyreally dont know dont know what to do.what to do

10、.我我真的真的不知道该做什么不知道该做什么二、强调句二、强调句1.1.用词汇进行强调用词汇进行强调（4 4）通过在特殊疑问词后和动词前使用通过在特殊疑问词后和动词前使用 in the world in the world、on earthon earth来加强语气来加强语气Where Where in the worldin the world could Mike go?could Mike go?迈克迈克到底到底会去哪里会去哪里?What What on earthon earth is is it?it?它它究竟究竟是什么是什么?（5 5）通过重复同一个词来表示强调通过重复同一个词来表示

11、强调Why,whyWhy,why，my wallet is empty!my wallet is empty!哎呀哎呀,哎呀哎呀,我的钱包是空的我的钱包是空的!TheyThey walked and walked walked and walked,at last they got to the famous place.,at last they got to the famous place.他们他们走啊走走啊走,终于来到了这个著名的地方终于来到了这个著名的地方二、强调句二、强调句2.2.用句式进行强调用句式进行强调（1 1）用感叹句表示强调用感叹句表示强调How blue the sky

12、 is!How blue the sky is!天空多蓝啊天空多蓝啊!（2 2）用倒装句来表示强调）用倒装句来表示强调In cameIn came thethe doctor.doctor.医生进来了。医生进来了。二、强调句二、强调句2.2.用句式进行强调用句式进行强调（3 3）用用“lt“lt is/was+is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who”+that/who”句型表示强调句型表示强调该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等该结构可用于强调主语、宾语、状语等,但不能用于强调谓语动词。但不能用于强调谓语动词。It isIt is the naughty boy the naugh

13、ty boy who/thatwho/that broke the window broke the window.正是这个顽皮的男孩打破了窗户。正是这个顽皮的男孩打破了窗户。(强调主语强调主语thethe naughty boy)naughty boy)It wasIt was three books three books thatthat he read in the library he read in the library yesterday.yesterday.昨天他在图书馆里读了三本书。昨天他在图书馆里读了三本书。(强调宾语强调宾语three books)three books

14、)注意注意:当被强调部分指人时当被强调部分指人时,that,that或或whowho均可均可;除此之外除此之外一律一律用用thatthat。三、倒装句三、倒装句 英语中最基本的语序是英语中最基本的语序是“主语主语+谓语谓语”。但有时为了表达的需要但有时为了表达的需要,要改变这种基语序要改变这种基语序,而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主而把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，就叫语之前，就叫倒装倒装。初中阶段常用的倒装句要有以下几种初中阶段常用的倒装句要有以下几种:三、倒装句三、倒装句 1.1.疑问疑问句句式的倒装式的倒装 一一般疑问句般疑问句、疑问词不作主语的特殊疑问句都用倒装语序疑问词不作主语的特殊疑

15、问句都用倒装语序,即把即把 be be动词、助动词、助动词态动词置于主语之前。动词态动词置于主语之前。AreAre youyou readingreading amagazine?amagazine?你正在看杂志吗你正在看杂志吗?WhereWhere willwill thethe pianopiano bebe put?put?这架钢琴要放在哪里这架钢琴要放在哪里?Why didWhy did youyou gogo this way?this way?你为什么走了这条路你为什么走了这条路?三、倒装句三、倒装句 2.2.here here 或或 there there 开头的句子的倒装开头的

16、句子的倒装 herehere或或therethere开头的句子开头的句子,若后面的主语为名词时若后面的主语为名词时,主谓须倒装主谓须倒装。There There is is a boya boy standing in front of the standing in front of the school gate.school gate.有一个男孩正站在学校门前有一个男孩正站在学校门前Here Here comescomes the trainthe train.火车来了火车来了注意：注意：herehere或或therethere开头的句子开头的句子,若主语为人称代词，主谓不能倒装若主语为

17、人称代词，主谓不能倒装H He ere youre you arare.e.给你。给你。三、倒装句三、倒装句3.“3.“s so+o+动词动词+主语主语”式倒装式倒装表示表示“另一者也如此另一者也如此”Mary likes Chinese.Mary likes Chinese.So does TomSo does Tom.玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢玛丽喜欢汉语，汤姆也喜欢注意：注意：-He-He workedworked veryvery hard.hard.他学习很努力他学习很努力-SoSo he did.he did.的确如此的确如此。三、倒装句三、倒装句4.4.“neither/nor+“

18、neither/nor+动词动词+主语主语”式倒装式倒装在前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一者时，通常用在前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一者时，通常用“neither/nor+be“neither/nor+be动词动词/助动词助动词/情动词情动词+主语主语(另一者另一者)”,)”,表示表示“另一者也不如此另一者也不如此”。You didnt go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did IYou didnt go to the park yesterday.Neither/Nor did I.昨天你没去公园，我也没去。昨天你没去公园，我也没去。l wasnt at s

19、chool yesterday.Neither/Nor were you.l wasnt at school yesterday.Neither/Nor were you.昨天我不在学校昨天我不在学校,你也不在。你也不在。三、倒装句三、倒装句5.5.maymay表示祝愿的句子用倒装语序表示祝愿的句子用倒装语序MayMay youyou allall bebe happy!happy!祝你们大家快乐祝你们大家快乐!May youMay you succeed!succeed!祝你成功祝你成功!四、省略句四、省略句1.1.简单句的省略简单句的省略（1 1）省略主语和连系动词省略主语和连系动词-Ho

20、w-How areare you?you?你身体好吗你身体好吗?-(Im)Fine.Thank you.(-(Im)Fine.Thank you.(我我)很好很好,谢谢你谢谢你（2 2）祈使中省略主语祈使中省略主语youyou(You)Dont play football in the street.(You)Dont play football in the street.(你你)别在街上踢球别在街上踢球（3 3）省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分What a(beautiful)girl(sheWhat a(beautiful)girl(she is)!is)!多漂亮

21、的一个女孩啊多漂亮的一个女孩啊!四、省略句四、省略句1.1.简单句的省略简单句的省略（4 4）省略）省略名词所有格所修饰的名词名词所有格所修饰的名词-I-Is this pen yours?s this pen yours?这支钢笔是你的这支钢笔是你的吗吗?-No,its -No,its not mine.not mine.ItIts ls li ilys(pelys(pen n).不不,不是我的不是我的,是是莉莉的（钢笔）。莉莉的（钢笔）。（5 5）省略与）省略与上文相同的不定式中的动词部分上文相同的不定式中的动词部分(只留下不定式符号只留下不定式符号 t to o)-W-Would you

22、 like to go swimming with us tomorrow?ould you like to go swimming with us tomorrow?明天你愿意和我们一起去游泳吗明天你愿意和我们一起去游泳吗?-yes,Id like/love to(go swimming with youyes,Id like/love to(go swimming with you)是的，我愿意（明天和你们一起去游泳）。是的，我愿意（明天和你们一起去游泳）。四、省略句四、省略句2.2.并列句的省略并列句的省略 在在并列句中，如果后一分并列句中，如果后一分句句中的主语或谓语与前一分句中的主语

23、或谓语相同中的主语或谓语与前一分句中的主语或谓语相同,则相则相同同的部分通常省略。的部分通常省略。She was rich but(she was)unhappy.She was rich but(she was)unhappy.她富有却不开心她富有却不开心Peter ate an egg and(Peter)drank a cup of milk.Peter ate an egg and(Peter)drank a cup of milk.彼得吃了个鸡蛋喝了杯牛奶彼得吃了个鸡蛋喝了杯牛奶四、省略句四、省略句3.3.复合复合句的省略句的省略 (I(Im)Sorry to hear that y

24、our mum is ill.m)Sorry to hear that your mum is ill.(我我)很难过听到你妈妈生病的消息很难过听到你妈妈生病的消息（省略主句主语）（省略主句主语）-Shall-Shall I go to play tennis right now?I go to play tennis right now?我可以现在去打网球吗我可以现在去打网球吗?-lf you like(you can go to play tennis right now).lf you like(you can go to play tennis right now).如果你喜欢如果你喜

25、欢(你可以现在去打网球你可以现在去打网球)。PlePlease pass me a dictionary.I dont care which(you pass me)ase pass me a dictionary.I dont care which(you pass me)请递给我一本词典。我不在乎请递给我一本词典。我不在乎(你递给我你递给我)哪一本。哪一本。五、真题再现五、真题再现 1.1.-Mary likes playing baseball very much.Mary likes playing baseball very much.-_.-_.A.So does AmyA.So

26、does AmyB.So Amy isB.So Amy isC.C.So Amy doesSo Amy does【答案】【答案】A A五、真题再现五、真题再现 2.If you2.If you _ _an English teacheran English teacher,how_,how_you teach your students you teach your students EnglishEnglish?A.were;willA.were;willB.were;wouldB.were;wouldC.are;didC.are;didD.are;wouldD.are;would【答案】【

27、答案】B B五、真题再现五、真题再现 3 3.-I-Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoonm not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.-_.-_.I have to clean up my bedroom.I have to clean up my bedroom.A.So am IA.So am IB.Neither am IB.Neither am IC.Neither I amC.Neither I amD.So I amD.So I am【答案】【答案】B B五、真题再现五、真题再现 4 4.I like s

28、eeing kids happy and,if they_,it makes my job a lot.I like seeing kids happy and,if they_,it makes my job a lot easier.easier.A.areA.areB.doB.doC.haveC.haveD.willD.will【答案】【答案】A A五、真题再现五、真题再现 5.-5.-What would you do if you_the traffic accident?What would you do if you_the traffic accident?-I would_.

29、-I would_.A.see;do my housework firstA.see;do my housework firstB.saw;buy some fruit right awayB.saw;buy some fruit right awayC.see;call at 110 at onceC.see;call at 110 at onceD.saw;call the police right awayD.saw;call the police right away【答案】【答案】D D五、真题再现五、真题再现 6 6.Between the two hills_a deep riv

30、er.Between the two hills_a deep river.A.areA.areB.haveB.haveC.hasC.hasD.isD.is【答案】【答案】D D五、真题再现五、真题再现 7.7.Peter has never been to a water park._ Peter has never been to a water park._A.I havent neither A.I havent neither B.I havent tooB.I havent tooC.Me tooC.Me tooD.Me neitherD.Me neither【答案】【答案】D D

31、五、真题再现五、真题再现 8.If I_ you,Id take the small apple.8.If I_ you,Id take the small apple.(山东枣庄山东枣庄)A.amA.amB.wereB.wereC.wasC.was【答案】【答案】B B五、真题再现五、真题再现9.-Zhou Ming likes reading English magazines.9.-Zhou Ming likes reading English magazines.-_.Its good for English learning.-_.Its good for English learn

32、ing.A.So do IA.So do IB.So am IB.So am IC.So I doC.So I doD.So I amD.So I am【答案】【答案】A A五、真题再现五、真题再现10._helpful advice she gave me on how to get on with others!10._helpful advice she gave me on how to get on with others!A.WhatA.WhatB.What aB.What aC.HowC.How【答案】【答案】A AthanksTHANK YOU WATCHING THIS ONE