2023年英语中考主谓一致ppt课件.pptx

1、主谓一致知识点 一语法一致原则定 义即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；一、语法一致原则的用法1.单数n.或pron./动词不定式短语/动名词短语/从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1）Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年里，这个地区有许多土地荒芜了。2）To start smoking is quite easy,but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但戒烟需要勇气。3）Reading Englis

2、h newspapers is a good way to improve your English.读英文报纸是提高英语水平的好方法。4）What you need most is to have a good sleep.你最需要的是好好睡一觉。5）How to get there is a problem.怎么去那里是个问题。2.由and或both.and来链接并列主语时，谓语用复数。1)Swimming and walking are good exercise.游泳和散步是很好的运动。2）He and I were classmates when we were at college

3、.我和他在大学时是同学。3）Both John and Ann have got pen friends.约翰和安都有比笔友。重要考点总结1.并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的n.前没有冠词）。1）The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.这位经理兼秘书没有出席会议。2）Their teacher and friend is Mr.Li.李老师既是他们的老师，也是他们的朋友。2.由and链接的并列单数主语前，如果分别被no,each,every或many a,more than one修

4、饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。1）In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。2）Each man and each woman is asked to help.每位男士和女士都被请来帮忙。3)Many a srudent is having practice in that factory.许多学生正在那家工厂实习。4）More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。

5、“more than one+单数n.”作主语时，若在there be句型中，亦可用复数。There is/are more than one man here.这儿不止一个人。3.如果主语时单数，尽管后面跟（together）with,as well as,like,but,expect,besides,including,no less than,rather than,as much as,more than,along with等介词或介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数形式。1）An English teacher together with some

6、students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。2）Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。3）No one expect my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。4）She,like you and Tom,is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。4.不定代词each,either,neither和由some,any,no,e

7、very构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。1）Each(of us)drinks a cup of coffee.（我们）每人喝一杯咖啡。2）Everyone knows smoking is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。3）Nothing is to be done.没有什么要做的事。4）Everybody abeys the school rules;anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则都将受到惩罚。5.不定代词none以及由“none/either/neither+of

8、+复数n./pron.”构成的短语做主语时，谓语用单复数均可。若它后面的n.是不可数n.，它的谓语动词就用单数。1）None of the sugar was left.没有剩下多少糖了。2）None of us has(have)been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。3）Neither of them know/knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句子先行词的数一致。1）It sounded like a train which/that was going under

9、 my house.那声音听起来就像有一列火车从我的房子底下开过似的。2）People who study the earthquake think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将有一次大的地震。3）The horse which is tired to the tree belongs to John.栓在树上的那匹马是约翰的。重要考点总结 在以“one of the+复数n.”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。Bob is

10、one of my friends who are helping me with English.鲍勃是帮助我学英语的朋友之一。He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here.他是唯一受邀请参加这个舞会的军官。7.“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a head of,heaps of,the rest of,some of,many of,anymore of,most of,all of等+n.)”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。1）Some

11、of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有些人对戏剧了解不多。2）Some of the sugar is wet.有些糖是湿的。3）Most of the students in our class are league members.我们班大多数学生都是共青团员。4）Most of the food tastes delicious.大多数食物尝起来很美味。5）Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。6）Half of the apples are given to the childre

12、n.一半的苹果给了孩子们。7）Lots of damage was caused by smoking.吸烟造成了许多伤害。8）Plenty of English books are on the shelf.书架上有很多英语书。考试易错点总结1.all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或情况”时，谓语用单数。All are present.所有人都出席了。（表人）All is well.一切都好。（表示整个事件或情况）2.“a number of+复数n.”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the numberof+复数n.”,谓语动词用单数形式.A large number

13、of buildings were burnt dwon.大量建筑物被烧毁。A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有很多学生在湖边。The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500.8.有误“分数或百分数+of+n./pron.”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的n.(短语)保持一致。1）Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。2）Two th

14、irds of the people present are against the plan.在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。3）More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球的70%的表面被水覆盖。4）30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%的学生是女生。9.如果主语是由“a kind of,this/that kind of,a series(apecies)of,a pair of等+n.”构成，谓语动词通常用单数

15、形式。1）This kind of men is dangerous.这种男人很危险。2）Is this kind of cars made in Shanghai?这种小汽车是在上海制造的吗？3）There is a kind of roses in his garden.在他的花园里有一种玫瑰。4）This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive.这种苹果相当昂贵。5）That kind of snakes is dangerous.那种蛇很危险。考试易错点总结1.“these/those kinds of+复数n.”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。T

16、hese kinds of tests are good.这些各种各样的测试是好的。Those kinds of apple trees have not grown up yet.那些苹果树还没有长大。2.如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨。知识点 二逻辑意义一致原则即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在含义。用 法1.表示总称意义形单意复的n.，如people,police,cattle等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。Cattle are one cause of the problem

17、.造成这个问题的原因之一是牛群问题。The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。2.集合名词army,class,enemy,family,goverment,group,team,crew,crowd,public等作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当其作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数；如果被看成是其中的个体成员，谓语就用复数。Our class is better than any other class at playing basketball in our school.在大篮球方

18、面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。Our class are playing a baskteball match tomorrow.我们班同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。Our family is not poor any more.我们家已经不再贫困了。My family all speak the Innuit language.我们一家人都讲伊努伊特语。考试易错点总结 population单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some,most或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。Most of the population of the city are workers

19、.这个城市的大多数人口是工人。One third of the population now smoke.三分之一的人口现在吸烟。The population of our country is very large,and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我国人口众多，百分之八十的人口是农民。3.一些由两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：glasses,trousers,shoes,chopsticks,goods,scissors,socks,compasses(圆规)，但如果这些名词前有a pai

20、r of等量词修饰时，谓语动词一般和量词的单复数有关。Your trousers need washing.你的裤子需要洗了。My glasses are new.我的眼镜时新的。A pair of compasses is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.你的手提箱里有一双新鞋。4.当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等的数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。Twenty years is a long time to us.

21、二十年对我们来说时很长的时间。One thousand pounds is a lot of money.一千英镑是一大笔钱。5.某些形复意单的名词作主语，谓语用单数。Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautuful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方，它是以美丽的山而闻名的。Physics is a difficult subject to learn,I think.我认为武力是一门难学的学科。6.如主语是“the+adj./分词”，根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式；如果表示一类人，

22、谓语动词用复数形式；如指个人或抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。The old are taken good care of in our country.在我们国家，老人受到很好的照顾。The sick is one of the students in our class.那位病人是我们班的一个学生。7.名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑区、住宅等；作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。The bakers is on the other side of the street.面包店在街道的另一边。My uncles is not very far from here.我叔叔的

23、家离这儿不太远。8.数词作主语时，谓语用单数；在四则运算中，谓语一般用单数。Ten is a round number.十是一个整数。Ten times five is fifty.十乘以五等于五十。Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is one thousnad.340加660等于1000.9.疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它本身的含义。Who teaches you English?谁教你英语？Who have gone there?谁去了那里?Which is your room?哪个

24、是你的房间？Which are your rooms?那些是你们的房间？10.表示数量的短语“one and a half+名词复数”及“a+单数名词+and a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。One and a half oranges has been left on the table.一个半橘子留在桌子上了。A month and a half has passed.一个半月过去了。11.某些单复数同行的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。One day,this white sheep was lost.有一天，这只白色的绵羊

25、丢了。There are many fish in the Jialing River.嘉陵江里有很多鱼。A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天一个日本人要来参观我们学校。We Chinese are realizing the four modernizations.我们中国人正在实现四个现代化。三、就近原则定义：即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。用 法1.当or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.,not.but.,wtether.or.等链接两个并列主语时

26、，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近它的名词或代词。Either you or he knows something about the task.要么你，要么他知道此任务的相关情况。Neither I nor he plays cards.我和他都没有打牌。2.在倒装句中，如果一个句子有there或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。There is a book and some pens on the floor.在地板上有一本书和一些钢笔。There are some pens and a book on the floor.在地板上有一些钢笔和一本书。考试

27、必考题型（）1.A number of students playing on the playground,and the number of the students in our school increasing.A.are;are B.is;are C.are;is D.is;is句意：很多学生正在操场上玩，我们学校学生的数量正在增加。解析】“anumber of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故选C项。【答案】C（）2 Three kilometers_a little far.Youd better take

28、 a taxi.A.were B.will be C.was D.is句意:3千米有点儿远,你最好坐出租车。【解析】把“three kilometers”看作一个整体。把表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选D.【答案】D（）3.Tom Mary speaks good Chinese,so they can communicate with these Chinese students very well.A.Neither;nor B.Not only;but also C.Both;and D.Either;or句意：Tom和Mar

29、y汉语讲得都很好，所以他们能和这些中国学生很好地交流。【解析】neither.nor.“既不也不”；not only.but also.“不仅而且”；以上两组都遵循“就近一致”原则.both.and.“和两者都”；either.or.“或者或者”，也遵循“就近一致”原则.A、B、D三项都遵循“就近一致”原则。根据句意和谓语动词 speaks 可知，B项为正确答案.【答案】B（）4.Not only my father but also my grandpa flying to Singapore this weekend.Ais B.are C.was D.were【解析】not only.but also.连接并列主语时，遵循“就近一致”原则。因此.谓语动词的数应跟主语grandpa保持一致，再根据时间标志 this weekend 可知应用现在进行时态表将来，故A项正确。【答案】A